Types of L2 morphosyntactic knowledge that can and cannot be observed in lea...Ken Urano
2015 Joint International Methodology Research Colloquium KATE Corpus SIG & LET Kansai Methodology SIG @ National Institute for International Education May 16, 2015

This document outlines a plan to set the research agenda for teaching and learning Chinese. It includes an introduction reviewing past research in the field and identifying gaps. The presenters then guide attendees in brainstorming new research questions through a three-step process: 1) Break into groups to discuss issues and ideas, 2) Generate specific research questions within the groups, and 3) Share the questions to help identify priorities for future studies. The goal is to encourage collaborative, practical research that addresses the needs of Chinese language instructors and advances understanding of best practices.
Validation of the grammatical carefulness scale using a discourse completion ...Yu Tamura
Tamura, Y., & Kusanagi, K. (2014). Validation of the grammatical carefulness scale using a discourse completion task and a reading and underlining task. The 84th LET Chubu Confernce. Shizuoka University, Japan.
Investigating teachers’ views of the role and nature of englishThao Le
This document discusses a study investigating teachers' views on the role and nature of English. It was conducted through questionnaires and interviews with 20 teachers in Vietnam. The study aimed to understand which variety of English teachers think students should learn (native, neutral, local), whether English should have universal standards, and whether teachers want to sound like native speakers. The document provides background on English as a global language and reviews literature on the roles and varieties of English before outlining the limitations and methodology of the study.
This presentation reports on findings from an investigation into the passive voice usage in undergraduate STEM textbooks. More than 1 million running words were analyzed in this study. Findings revealed that passive voice is heavily used in these fields. Pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed.
Paper Presentation: A Pendulum Swung Too FarSagar Ahire
A paper presentation made by me for the paper 'A Pendulum Swung Too Far' by Kenneth Church at IIT Bombay as a part of preparation for the MTech Seminar.
Get the paper on which this presentation is based here: http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/ldc/swung-too-far.pdf
This presentation introduces the topic of third language acquisition (TLA). It will cover what TLA is, why it merits a course, and details about the course. The course is divided into three modules covering first, second, and third language acquisition. It utilizes discussions, workshops, and assignments. The goal is for students to understand current TLA theories and factors, implications for education, and basic research skills like designing linguistic tasks and analyzing data. Evaluation is based on assignments, tests, workshops, and a final project.
Kamil trzebiatowski eal assessment framework - for websiteKamil Trzebiatowski
The document summarizes the New and Improved NASSEA's EAL Assessment Framework, which is an updated common assessment tool that can be used across England to monitor and support EAL learners. The framework is contextualized for different key stages and linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. It provides stages with detailed language descriptors for EYFS, KS1, KS2, KS3 and KS4. The framework also includes general advice for teachers on supporting EAL learners and guidance specific to inducting new EAL students.
Types of L2 morphosyntactic knowledge that can and cannot be observed in lea...Ken Urano
2015 Joint International Methodology Research Colloquium KATE Corpus SIG & LET Kansai Methodology SIG @ National Institute for International Education May 16, 2015

This document outlines a plan to set the research agenda for teaching and learning Chinese. It includes an introduction reviewing past research in the field and identifying gaps. The presenters then guide attendees in brainstorming new research questions through a three-step process: 1) Break into groups to discuss issues and ideas, 2) Generate specific research questions within the groups, and 3) Share the questions to help identify priorities for future studies. The goal is to encourage collaborative, practical research that addresses the needs of Chinese language instructors and advances understanding of best practices.
Validation of the grammatical carefulness scale using a discourse completion ...Yu Tamura
Tamura, Y., & Kusanagi, K. (2014). Validation of the grammatical carefulness scale using a discourse completion task and a reading and underlining task. The 84th LET Chubu Confernce. Shizuoka University, Japan.
Investigating teachers’ views of the role and nature of englishThao Le
This document discusses a study investigating teachers' views on the role and nature of English. It was conducted through questionnaires and interviews with 20 teachers in Vietnam. The study aimed to understand which variety of English teachers think students should learn (native, neutral, local), whether English should have universal standards, and whether teachers want to sound like native speakers. The document provides background on English as a global language and reviews literature on the roles and varieties of English before outlining the limitations and methodology of the study.
This presentation reports on findings from an investigation into the passive voice usage in undergraduate STEM textbooks. More than 1 million running words were analyzed in this study. Findings revealed that passive voice is heavily used in these fields. Pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed.
Paper Presentation: A Pendulum Swung Too FarSagar Ahire
A paper presentation made by me for the paper 'A Pendulum Swung Too Far' by Kenneth Church at IIT Bombay as a part of preparation for the MTech Seminar.
Get the paper on which this presentation is based here: http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/ldc/swung-too-far.pdf
This presentation introduces the topic of third language acquisition (TLA). It will cover what TLA is, why it merits a course, and details about the course. The course is divided into three modules covering first, second, and third language acquisition. It utilizes discussions, workshops, and assignments. The goal is for students to understand current TLA theories and factors, implications for education, and basic research skills like designing linguistic tasks and analyzing data. Evaluation is based on assignments, tests, workshops, and a final project.
Kamil trzebiatowski eal assessment framework - for websiteKamil Trzebiatowski
The document summarizes the New and Improved NASSEA's EAL Assessment Framework, which is an updated common assessment tool that can be used across England to monitor and support EAL learners. The framework is contextualized for different key stages and linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. It provides stages with detailed language descriptors for EYFS, KS1, KS2, KS3 and KS4. The framework also includes general advice for teachers on supporting EAL learners and guidance specific to inducting new EAL students.
Using FLCs to Extend ESL Content Beyond the SEI ClassroomMelanie Gonzalez
This presentation reports on a case study that investigated the Faculty Learning Community (FLC) model as a medium for infusing ESL best practices within content-area teacher licensure preparation courses. Attendees will gain ideas for establishing productive and collegial ESL-focused FLCs at other teacher preparation institutions.
Do female students have higher motivation than male studentsfaridnazman
This document provides an author biography and abstract for a research paper. The author biography states that R. Narayanan is a lecturer of English at Vinayaka Missions University in India. His research interests include Indian writing in English and English language teaching. The abstract indicates that the research paper examines gender differences in motivation factors for learning English as a second language among engineering and technology students. It focuses on integrative, instrumental, resultative and intrinsic motivation with respect to gender.
Presentation at MATSOL, May 8, 2014 in Framingham, Massachusetts.
Abstract:
As a result of the RETELL Initiative, English Language Learners and their teachers are receiving much needed and deserved attention and resources in Massachusetts. We as advocates of ELLs and professionals in the field of TESOL must be proactive in ensuring that these efforts are both successful and ongoing. This presentation details ways that teacher education programs, teachers, and districts can help initiate, renew, and sustain the efforts started through the RETELL initiative. First, we discuss ways to encourage infusion of ESOL related content into the general curriculum. Next, we offer methods of providing continuing leadership and support for content-area faculty members in infusion techniques. Lastly, provide a framework for generating professional development opportunities for teacher educators to learn more about building their candidates' ESOL knowledge base. Attendees will leave this presentation with ideas on how to motivate dialogue and foster collaboration with content area faculty in order to better prepare teacher candidates to serve our ELLs in the commonwealth.
Directed Self Placement for Multilingual WritersMelanie Gonzalez
This presentation at the 2017 TESOL Annual Convention and Exhibit in Seattle examines questionnaire and interview data regarding multilingual writers’ experiences using Directed Self-Placement (DSP) in a first-year composition program at a four-year university. We validate DSP as an empowering tool allowing multilingual college writers to build autonomy by deciding the writing course that meets their needs.
Warren Merkel has extensive experience in teaching English as a foreign language and second language writing. He is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Iowa, where he is a writing tutor, teaching assistant, and research assistant. His dissertation and research focus on academic writing challenges faced by undergraduate English language learners, specifically regarding integrating sources and avoiding plagiarism. He has received several awards for his research and presentations.
This document summarizes a study conducted on the use of podcasting in higher education courses at Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) in South Africa. The study involved 6 lecturers and over 400 students across 8 courses. Key findings included:
- Podcasting increased access to course materials for non-traditional students, especially female students, students over age 30, and those with African home languages. These groups engaged more with podcasts than other students.
- Students perceived podcasts as useful revision tools that helped structure their learning. However, some wanted more interactive elements.
- While most students listened to podcasts, engagement varied by course design. Content-heavy courses saw higher podcast use.
A corpus based analysis of linking adverbials in pakistani englishAlexander Decker
This study analyzes linking adverbials used in Pakistani English by comparing their frequencies and patterns to other native and non-native varieties of English. The results show that Pakistani writers use more additive, summative, and contrastive linking adverbials compared to transantial and resultative ones. In particular, the contrastive linking adverbial "but" is used more frequently in Pakistani writing than other summative or additive linking adverbials. While Pakistani English shares some similarities with Singaporean English, it also has its own distinctive tendencies in usage patterns.
This document provides an overview of the field of second language acquisition (SLA) research over the past several decades. It discusses how SLA research has addressed questions about language acquisition processes while retaining its original applied and linguistic interests. The document notes that SLA research has become increasingly bidirectional, with findings applying to both educational concerns and further research. It has also become multifaceted, drawing on multiple disciplines like linguistics, psychology, and education.
This study examined the role of authentic texts with vocabulary tasks on improving L2 English reading comprehension among ESP students in Jordan. It utilized a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control and experimental group. The experimental group received treatment involving authentic materials and follow-up vocabulary activities over one semester, while the control group received regular instruction. Results were analyzed using independent samples t-tests to determine if differences existed in reading comprehension scores between the groups. The findings could help inform best practices for developing L2 reading skills through meaningful vocabulary instruction and authentic texts.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the influence of suffix word strategy and short-term memory on vocabulary learning speed. The study involved 60 sophomore students learning English vocabulary through a suffix word handout. Participants completed a 20-item test of vocabulary from the handout and a questionnaire measuring their experience with suffix strategies and short-term memory. The literature review discussed prior research showing the importance of vocabulary and learning strategies for language acquisition. It also defined key terms like suffix words and short-term memory. The methodology section described the participants, instrument using the handout and questionnaire, and procedures of the study.
This document provides an overview of the field of applied linguistics. It defines applied linguistics as using linguistic theories, methods and findings to explain and solve language problems that arise in other domains. The primary concerns of applied linguistics are second language acquisition theory, second language pedagogy, and their interrelationship. The document outlines several domains of applied linguistics, including language teaching and learning, testing, sociolinguistics, and computational linguistics. It also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of applied linguistics and how it combines with fields like psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics. The overall aim is to investigate language learning and teaching problems and find practical solutions.
This document discusses research-based strategies for teaching reading comprehension to culturally diverse classrooms using visual tools like graphic organizers. It recommends strategies such as using graphic organizers to make content easier to understand, teaching vocabulary using definitional and contextual information with multiple exposures, and using discussion webs and cubing to encourage critical thinking. These strategies can benefit English language learners, learning disabled students, low achievers, and struggling readers.
This document summarizes a presentation on using timed reading assignments during online English reading and writing classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how the instructor assigned reading passages and comprehension quizzes using an online platform. Student feedback from questionnaires was generally positive, with most students completing the assignments. While controlled for lower levels, topics for higher levels were open. Timed reading was found to be an effective activity for developing reading skills even when done remotely using digital devices.
The document summarizes two studies on Japanese secondary school students' attitudes toward English ownership. The first study found students viewed English as an international language but belonging to American/British cultures. They were unaware of outer circle varieties and felt Japanese English was unintelligible. The second study also found students valued native varieties over non-native like Japanese English. Both studies suggest international experience may positively influence views but were limited. Teaching should reflect global English.
Getting Them to Talk: Five Fundamentals for Leading a Conversation ClassMelanie Gonzalez
Invited professional development presentation in March 2013 for the Adult Literacy League of Central Florida
For more details, see "The Art of Teaching Speaking" by Keith Folse, University of Michigan Press
Don't walk: Rasch to join the questionnaire trend!Matthew Apple
This document discusses the development and analysis of a questionnaire on demotivation in English language learning among Japanese high school students. It provides details on:
1. The study designed a 40-item questionnaire asking students about factors that diminished their motivation to study English in high school.
2. The data from 1,266 students was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis to validate the constructs measured.
3. Previous research identified common demotivating factors including teachers, class environment, experiences of failure, class materials, and lack of interest. The current study aimed to validate these constructs.
The document discusses criteria and practices for Chinese language placement in college from two institutions - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Northeastern University (NEU). It provides an overview of standards like the ACTFL 5Cs and proficiency guidelines that inform placement. MIT places students primarily through face-to-face assessment based on textbook skills, while NEU developed an online placement test in Qualtrics assessing different language elements. Both schools aim to better articulate expectations between high school and college Chinese programs to facilitate student language learning. The presentation seeks to promote open discussion on improving placement practices.
1. The document discusses differing perspectives on the role of Universal Grammar (UG) in second language acquisition (SLA). Specifically, it examines whether interlanguage (IL) representation is constrained by UG.
2. There has been debate around terms like "direct access" and "full access" to UG in SLA research. Some argue L2 learners can reset UG parameters to new settings, while others argue they are restricted to their L1 settings.
3. The document argues that research should focus more on describing the nature of IL representations in their own right, rather than constantly comparing them to native speaker grammars of the L1 or L2. Comparing ILGs to other grammars
Using FLCs to Extend ESL Content Beyond the SEI ClassroomMelanie Gonzalez
This presentation reports on a case study that investigated the Faculty Learning Community (FLC) model as a medium for infusing ESL best practices within content-area teacher licensure preparation courses. Attendees will gain ideas for establishing productive and collegial ESL-focused FLCs at other teacher preparation institutions.
Do female students have higher motivation than male studentsfaridnazman
This document provides an author biography and abstract for a research paper. The author biography states that R. Narayanan is a lecturer of English at Vinayaka Missions University in India. His research interests include Indian writing in English and English language teaching. The abstract indicates that the research paper examines gender differences in motivation factors for learning English as a second language among engineering and technology students. It focuses on integrative, instrumental, resultative and intrinsic motivation with respect to gender.
Presentation at MATSOL, May 8, 2014 in Framingham, Massachusetts.
Abstract:
As a result of the RETELL Initiative, English Language Learners and their teachers are receiving much needed and deserved attention and resources in Massachusetts. We as advocates of ELLs and professionals in the field of TESOL must be proactive in ensuring that these efforts are both successful and ongoing. This presentation details ways that teacher education programs, teachers, and districts can help initiate, renew, and sustain the efforts started through the RETELL initiative. First, we discuss ways to encourage infusion of ESOL related content into the general curriculum. Next, we offer methods of providing continuing leadership and support for content-area faculty members in infusion techniques. Lastly, provide a framework for generating professional development opportunities for teacher educators to learn more about building their candidates' ESOL knowledge base. Attendees will leave this presentation with ideas on how to motivate dialogue and foster collaboration with content area faculty in order to better prepare teacher candidates to serve our ELLs in the commonwealth.
Directed Self Placement for Multilingual WritersMelanie Gonzalez
This presentation at the 2017 TESOL Annual Convention and Exhibit in Seattle examines questionnaire and interview data regarding multilingual writers’ experiences using Directed Self-Placement (DSP) in a first-year composition program at a four-year university. We validate DSP as an empowering tool allowing multilingual college writers to build autonomy by deciding the writing course that meets their needs.
Warren Merkel has extensive experience in teaching English as a foreign language and second language writing. He is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Iowa, where he is a writing tutor, teaching assistant, and research assistant. His dissertation and research focus on academic writing challenges faced by undergraduate English language learners, specifically regarding integrating sources and avoiding plagiarism. He has received several awards for his research and presentations.
This document summarizes a study conducted on the use of podcasting in higher education courses at Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) in South Africa. The study involved 6 lecturers and over 400 students across 8 courses. Key findings included:
- Podcasting increased access to course materials for non-traditional students, especially female students, students over age 30, and those with African home languages. These groups engaged more with podcasts than other students.
- Students perceived podcasts as useful revision tools that helped structure their learning. However, some wanted more interactive elements.
- While most students listened to podcasts, engagement varied by course design. Content-heavy courses saw higher podcast use.
A corpus based analysis of linking adverbials in pakistani englishAlexander Decker
This study analyzes linking adverbials used in Pakistani English by comparing their frequencies and patterns to other native and non-native varieties of English. The results show that Pakistani writers use more additive, summative, and contrastive linking adverbials compared to transantial and resultative ones. In particular, the contrastive linking adverbial "but" is used more frequently in Pakistani writing than other summative or additive linking adverbials. While Pakistani English shares some similarities with Singaporean English, it also has its own distinctive tendencies in usage patterns.
This document provides an overview of the field of second language acquisition (SLA) research over the past several decades. It discusses how SLA research has addressed questions about language acquisition processes while retaining its original applied and linguistic interests. The document notes that SLA research has become increasingly bidirectional, with findings applying to both educational concerns and further research. It has also become multifaceted, drawing on multiple disciplines like linguistics, psychology, and education.
This study examined the role of authentic texts with vocabulary tasks on improving L2 English reading comprehension among ESP students in Jordan. It utilized a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control and experimental group. The experimental group received treatment involving authentic materials and follow-up vocabulary activities over one semester, while the control group received regular instruction. Results were analyzed using independent samples t-tests to determine if differences existed in reading comprehension scores between the groups. The findings could help inform best practices for developing L2 reading skills through meaningful vocabulary instruction and authentic texts.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the influence of suffix word strategy and short-term memory on vocabulary learning speed. The study involved 60 sophomore students learning English vocabulary through a suffix word handout. Participants completed a 20-item test of vocabulary from the handout and a questionnaire measuring their experience with suffix strategies and short-term memory. The literature review discussed prior research showing the importance of vocabulary and learning strategies for language acquisition. It also defined key terms like suffix words and short-term memory. The methodology section described the participants, instrument using the handout and questionnaire, and procedures of the study.
This document provides an overview of the field of applied linguistics. It defines applied linguistics as using linguistic theories, methods and findings to explain and solve language problems that arise in other domains. The primary concerns of applied linguistics are second language acquisition theory, second language pedagogy, and their interrelationship. The document outlines several domains of applied linguistics, including language teaching and learning, testing, sociolinguistics, and computational linguistics. It also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of applied linguistics and how it combines with fields like psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics. The overall aim is to investigate language learning and teaching problems and find practical solutions.
This document discusses research-based strategies for teaching reading comprehension to culturally diverse classrooms using visual tools like graphic organizers. It recommends strategies such as using graphic organizers to make content easier to understand, teaching vocabulary using definitional and contextual information with multiple exposures, and using discussion webs and cubing to encourage critical thinking. These strategies can benefit English language learners, learning disabled students, low achievers, and struggling readers.
This document summarizes a presentation on using timed reading assignments during online English reading and writing classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how the instructor assigned reading passages and comprehension quizzes using an online platform. Student feedback from questionnaires was generally positive, with most students completing the assignments. While controlled for lower levels, topics for higher levels were open. Timed reading was found to be an effective activity for developing reading skills even when done remotely using digital devices.
The document summarizes two studies on Japanese secondary school students' attitudes toward English ownership. The first study found students viewed English as an international language but belonging to American/British cultures. They were unaware of outer circle varieties and felt Japanese English was unintelligible. The second study also found students valued native varieties over non-native like Japanese English. Both studies suggest international experience may positively influence views but were limited. Teaching should reflect global English.
Getting Them to Talk: Five Fundamentals for Leading a Conversation ClassMelanie Gonzalez
Invited professional development presentation in March 2013 for the Adult Literacy League of Central Florida
For more details, see "The Art of Teaching Speaking" by Keith Folse, University of Michigan Press
Don't walk: Rasch to join the questionnaire trend!Matthew Apple
This document discusses the development and analysis of a questionnaire on demotivation in English language learning among Japanese high school students. It provides details on:
1. The study designed a 40-item questionnaire asking students about factors that diminished their motivation to study English in high school.
2. The data from 1,266 students was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis to validate the constructs measured.
3. Previous research identified common demotivating factors including teachers, class environment, experiences of failure, class materials, and lack of interest. The current study aimed to validate these constructs.
The document discusses criteria and practices for Chinese language placement in college from two institutions - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Northeastern University (NEU). It provides an overview of standards like the ACTFL 5Cs and proficiency guidelines that inform placement. MIT places students primarily through face-to-face assessment based on textbook skills, while NEU developed an online placement test in Qualtrics assessing different language elements. Both schools aim to better articulate expectations between high school and college Chinese programs to facilitate student language learning. The presentation seeks to promote open discussion on improving placement practices.
1. The document discusses differing perspectives on the role of Universal Grammar (UG) in second language acquisition (SLA). Specifically, it examines whether interlanguage (IL) representation is constrained by UG.
2. There has been debate around terms like "direct access" and "full access" to UG in SLA research. Some argue L2 learners can reset UG parameters to new settings, while others argue they are restricted to their L1 settings.
3. The document argues that research should focus more on describing the nature of IL representations in their own right, rather than constantly comparing them to native speaker grammars of the L1 or L2. Comparing ILGs to other grammars
The document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines key terminology related to research such as population, sample, variables, and statistics. It discusses different types of research designs including observational studies like cross-sectional and case-control studies as well as experimental designs like randomized clinical trials. The document also covers topics like formulating research questions and hypotheses, sampling methods, levels of evidence in clinical research, and the various steps involved in the research process from data collection to interpretation and reporting of findings.
Using patient reported outcome measure in a cross-cultural context: conceptua...Office of Health Economics
This document discusses key conceptual and linguistic issues that must be considered when using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in cross-cultural contexts. It notes that while PRO instruments are increasingly used internationally, little is known about how culture impacts measurement. The document outlines factors to consider across the development, validation, adaptation and interpretation of cross-cultural PRO measures, including evaluating the relevance of concepts and response formats across cultures and accounting for potential response biases between populations. It emphasizes the need for more research on optimizing cross-cultural PRO methodologies.
This scoping review analyzed 41 studies on the use of solvents for gutta-percha (GP) dissolution and removal during endodontic retreatments. Most studies found that solvents like chloroform and eucalyptol did not improve GP removal compared to instrumentation alone and may complicate cleanliness. Some studies found benefits from solvents when GP was difficult to access. Overall the evidence was heterogeneous and more research is needed comparing different solvents in various clinical scenarios.
This study examined the association between oral health factors and mortality in older Japanese adults. Over 17,000 participants aged 75 and over underwent oral health examinations assessing dental status, swallowing ability, dry mouth, plaque, and oral hygiene. Participants were followed for mortality, with a median follow up of 9.4 years. Poor oral health factors like fewer teeth, poor oral hygiene, and dry mouth were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality based on Cox proportional hazards models, with a cumulative effect of multiple poor oral health factors further increasing mortality risk.
The document discusses the components of an original research article, including the introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) structure. It explains that the introduction sets the stage by reviewing what is known about the topic, identifying gaps in knowledge, and stating the research question or hypothesis. The methods section provides details on the study design and procedures. The results section summarizes the data and key findings without interpretation. Lastly, the discussion section interprets the results and answers the question posed in the introduction.
This document summarizes a study that aimed to experimentally induce preoccupation with a neutral semantic category in undergraduate psychology students, and measure any resulting attentional bias towards stimuli related to that category using a modified Stroop task. The study found no significant interaction effect between the theme of the task designed to induce preoccupation and theme of the Stroop stimuli, suggesting the experimental manipulation did not successfully elicit preoccupation or the preoccupation was not enough to cause interference on the Stroop task. The document provides background on attentional bias, theories of how it relates to addiction and eating behaviors, and how the Stroop task has been used to measure attentional bias in previous research.
Bayesian Model for Multivatiate Functional Principle Components AnalysisKevin Cummins
Kevin Cummins
Joint Doctoral Program in Interdisciplinary Research on Substance Use
University of California, San Diego
JSM Digital Poster Presentation, August 2015
Kathryn E. Young has a Masters in Neuroscience from the University of Hartford and a BA in Psychology and Sociology from the University of Connecticut. She has over 3 years of experience as a clinical research assistant at Hartford Hospital, where she designs studies, analyzes neuroimaging and behavioral data, and coordinates multiple research protocols. Her areas of research focus include cognitive behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder, emotional regulation in adolescents, and reward processing in teens with ADHD.
This document summarizes the key components of a research study design conducted by Hungerford et al. It describes the overall research question, type of design, setting, participants, variables, hypotheses, and statistical testing used in the study. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the feasibility of screening and brief alcohol interventions with young adults in an emergency department. It used a non-randomized cohort design to recruit participants between ages 18-39 who had consumed alcohol in the past 12 months. The independent variables were screening results (positive or negative) and legal drinking age. Dependent variables included post-intervention behaviors. Appropriate research questions and hypotheses were formulated based on these variables.
This document is a resume for Katie Hamm, who has a Master's degree in Mental Health Counseling. She has experience providing counseling to veterans with PTSD as an intern, and has worked in research laboratories at the University of Rochester Medical Center conducting studies related to vascular disease, tumors, salivary glands, and Alzheimer's disease. She has published several papers from this research and is a member of the American Counseling Association.
Helping chronically ill or disabled people into work: what can we learn from ...StephenClayton11
This project has added to knowledge in five main areas:
It has mapped the range and types of policies and interventions that have been
implemented in Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK that may influence
employment chances for chronically ill and disabled people. By doing so it has added
to understanding about what has actually been tried in each country and what might be
considered in others.
It has refined a typology of the focussed interventions that have been identified, based
on the underlying programme logic of the intervention, which aids strategic thinking
about national efforts to help chronically ill and disabled people into work.
It has produced systematic reviews of the impact of the focussed interventions on the
employment chances of chronically ill and disabled people and demonstrated the use of
the typology in helping to interpret the results of the evaluations.
The project’s empirical analyses of individual-level data have identified how
chronically ill people from different socio-economic groups have fared in the labour
markets of the five countries over the past two decades. It has then tested these findings
against hypotheses about the impact of macro-level labour market policies on
chronically ill people to provide insights into the influence of the policy context.
The project has contributed to methodological development in evidence synthesis and
the evaluation of natural policy experiments. By studying a small number of countries
in great depth, we gained greater understanding of the policies and interventions that
have been tried in these countries to help chronically ill and disabled people into work,
against the backdrop of the wider labour market and macro-economic trends in those
countries. We then integrated evidence from the wider policy context into the findings
of systematic reviews of effectiveness of interventions, to advance interpretation of the
natural policy experiments that have been implemented in these countries.
(Research in progress paper, presented at STI2014) Exploring the effects of ...Masatsura IGAMI
This document discusses a study exploring how the motivations behind research projects influence team composition, management, and outputs. The study analyzed survey responses from Japanese and US researchers. Results showed projects motivated by "solving specific issues" had more actively managed teams with diverse skills, while those motivated by "fundamental understandings" saw less emphasis on commercialization. This suggests policies should support different project types in consistent ways and consider multiple indicators of success beyond publications and citations.
1) The document discusses how behavioral science can inform sustainability efforts on campus. It describes several studies conducted on campus that examine pro-environmental behavior, social norms, and motivation.
2) One study found that social norms strongly influence behaviors like energy consumption, and that descriptive norms are particularly powerful. Another study showed that institutional signaling of norms, like making sustainable options the default, can shift behaviors.
3) The conclusions are that behavioral science can directly reduce emissions and build support for sustainability policies through understanding human motivation, social influence, and designing effective interventions and programs. Studying behavior on campus provides opportunities to test strategies with real-world impacts.
Int Endodontic J - 2022 - Kvist - Clinical decision making of post‐treatment ...DrDipaliShah
This document discusses clinical decision making regarding post-treatment disease in root-filled teeth. It begins by noting that 25-50% of root-filled teeth show signs of post-treatment disease on radiographs, though many are asymptomatic. There is no consensus among clinicians on how to manage such cases. The document outlines the typical options of no treatment, monitoring, extraction, or retreatment via surgical or non-surgical methods. It discusses how decisions are inherently subjective based on a clinician's knowledge and experience. Descriptive research has found wide variation in how clinicians decide to manage individual cases. The concept of "success" and "failure" integrates biological, evaluative, and normative components, but health and disease exist
1) What waswere the outcome(s) of interest in the study If there.docxSONU61709
1) What was/were the outcome(s) of interest in the study? If there is more than one, list all of them
2) Evaluate whether the discussion section of the article adequately addresses the strengths and limitations of the study. Explain your reasoning in complete sentences.
3) Discuss future research studies that would be appropriate given the study findings. Please answer in complete sentences.
4) What are the social change implications of the study results? Please answer in complete sentences.
5) What potential effect modifiers were assessed in the study, and how were they assessed? Please answer in complete sentences
6) What are the limitations of the study, and how do these limitations impact how the study results are interpreted? Please answer in complete sentences.
7) Describe how the study participants were selected for the study, including the inclusion and exclusion criteria used.
8) How were the data on the exposure(s) in the study collected and measured? Were they collected and measured the same way for all participants? Explain using complete sentences.
9) How were the data on the outcome(s) in the study collected and measured? Were they collected and measured the same way for all participants?
10) Given what you have learned in this course about confounding, was the adjustment for confounding adequate, or is residual confounding a concern?
11) What types of selection bias might be affecting this study? Please describe the biases and how they might be affecting the results of the study
12) Please describe the major results of the study. Include the major numerical/statistical results as well as interpretations of them in your own words.
13) Given what you have learned in this course about effect modification, was the assessment adequate? Why or why not? Explain using complete sentences.
14) How well did the study participants represent the larger population from which they were selected? Explain any concerns about generalizability with the study results.
15) What measure of disease frequency, association, and/or impact was calculated to answer the main research question(s)? Please answer in complete sentences.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Is aspirin associated with diabetic
retinopathy? The Singapore Epidemiology of
Eye Disease (SEED) study
Yuan Shi
1
, Yih-Chung Tham
1,2
, Ning Cheung
1
, Jacqueline Chua
1
, Gavin Tan
1
,
Paul Mitchell
3
, Jie Jin Wang
3,4
, Yin Bun Cheung
4,5
, Ching-Yu Cheng
1,2,4
,
Tien Yin Wong
1,2,4*
1 Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 2 Department of
Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
3 Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research,
University of Sydeney, Sydeney, Australia, 4 Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 5 Tampere
Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospit ...
Non-surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in pati...Dr. Yahya Alogaibi
Non-surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment by Ahmed El-Angbawi, Grant T McIntyre, Padhraig S Fleming, David R Bearn ppt
Improving Comprehensive Carefor OEF and OIF Vetsby Aslie.docxbradburgess22840
Improving Comprehensive Care
for OEF and OIF Vets
by Aslie Burnett
FILE
T IME SUBMIT T ED 20- MAR- 2015 10:4 4 AM
SUBMISSION ID 51867 4 598
WORD COUNT 64 25
CHARACT ER COUNT 39906
DISSERT AT ION_PROPOSAL.DOC (125.5K)
18%
SIMILARIT Y INDEX
17%
INT ERNET SOURCES
16%
PUBLICAT IONS
15%
ST UDENT PAPERS
1 3%
2 2%
3 1%
4 1%
5 1%
6 1%
7 1%
8 1%
Improving Comprehensive Care for OEF and OIF Vets
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
vets.arizona.edu
Int ernet Source
www.ejpt.net
Int ernet Source
Karen H. Seal. "VA mental health services
utilization in Iraq and Af ghanistan veterans in
the f irst year of receiving new mental health
diagnoses", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2010
Publicat ion
www.f as.org
Int ernet Source
Submitted to Maryville University
St udent Paper
store.samhsa.gov
Int ernet Source
yellow-f ever.rki.de
Int ernet Source
cstsf orum.org
Int ernet Source
9 1%
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13 <1%
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20
Submitted to Laureate Higher Education Group
St udent Paper
Submitted to EDMC
St udent Paper
akf sa.org
Int ernet Source
iris.lib.neu.edu
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www.acpmh.ipag.f r
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Submitted to University of Western Australia
St udent Paper
Submitted to University of Southern Calif ornia
St udent Paper
scindeks.nb.rs
Int ernet Source
cdn.intechopen.com
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www.healthemotions.org
Int ernet Source
Submitted to Palo Alto University
<1%
21 <1%
22 <1%
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24 <1%
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27 <1%
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St udent Paper
Submitted to La Trobe University
St udent Paper
amhi-treatingpreventing.oup.com
Int ernet Source
Submitted to Capella Education Company
St udent Paper
www.mindf ully.org
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Submitted to Pennsylvania State System of
Higher Education
St udent Paper
www.rand.org
Int ernet Source
gradworks.umi.com
Int ernet Source
patriotoutreach.org
Int ernet Source
Ticknor, Bobbie and Tillinghast, Sherry. "Virtual
Reality and the Criminal Justice System: New
Possibilities f or Research, Training, and
Rehabilitation", Journal of Virtual Worlds
Research, 2011.
Publicat ion
30 <1%
31 <1%
32 <1%
33 <1%
34 <1%
35 <1%
Michael E. Smith. "Bilateral hippocampal
volume reduction in adults with post-traumatic
stress disorder: A meta-analysis of structural
MRI studies", Hippocampus, 2005
Publicat ion
etd.lib.f su.edu
Int ernet Source
digital.library.adelaide.edu.au
Int ernet Source
cdn.govexec.com
Int ernet Source
Yelena Bogdanova. "Cognitive Sequelae of
Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: Recovery
and Rehabilitation", Neuropsychology Review,
02/17/2012
Publicat ion
Nanda, U., H. L. B. Gaydos, K. Hathorn, and N.
Watkins. "Art and Posttraumatic Stress: A
Review of the Empirical Literature on the
Therapeutic Implications of Artwork f or War
Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder",
Environment and Behavior, 201.
This systematic review examined 67 studies on strategies to reduce or discontinue long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic pain and the effect of dose reduction on patient outcomes. The key findings were:
1) Interdisciplinary pain programs had the highest completion and opioid discontinuation rates, ranging from 76-100% and 29-100% respectively across 31 studies of varying quality.
2) Buprenorphine-assisted dose reduction resulted in opioid discontinuation rates ranging from 33-100% in 10 poor quality studies.
3) Among 40 studies of varying quality examining patient outcomes after dose reduction, improvement was reported in pain severity, function, and quality of life, though the overall evidence quality was very
Oral Presentation_Antidepressant Efficacy of Dextromethorphan in the Forced SwimRandall Ellis
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antidepressant effects of dextromethorphan (DM) in rats using the forced swim test. The study found that acute administration of DM at 30mg/kg significantly reduced immobility time compared to a saline control group, demonstrating antidepressant-like effects. This adds to limited previous research showing antidepressant properties of DM. Future research could explore DM's potential as a treatment for major depressive disorder and investigate the neurological mechanisms involved such as NMDA receptor antagonism.
Prof. Dr. V. Trajkovski #JRTDD journal presentation in Saint Petersburg-Vladimir Trajkovski
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski - Editor-in-chief of #JRTDD journal habe presented topic "Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities: one year of good practice in Saint Petersburg on III-rd Pediatric medical conference at 30.05.2019.
Task-based syllabus design and task sequencingKen Urano
Invited talk at the 2nd joint international methodology research colloquium, co-hosted by by Okinawa JALT, KATE Corpus SIG, & LET Kansai Methodology SIG.
February 16, 2016
TBLT in Japan: In search of the middle groundKen Urano
1) The document discusses task-based language teaching (TBLT) and summarizes key definitions and concepts, such as the differences between target tasks, pedagogical tasks, and task-supported language teaching versus task-based language teaching.
2) It notes that while TBLT is not very popular in Japan currently due to misconceptions, such as that it is not suitable for beginning learners or that authorized textbooks are not task-based, researchers have provided empirical evidence countering these beliefs.
3) It also addresses counterarguments against TBLT in Japan, such as concerns about entrance exams and grammar learning, and argues that with a focus on form, adaptation, and assessment innovation,
Input, interaction, and the roles of Japanese teachers of English: A second l...Ken Urano
This document summarizes a presentation about input, interaction and the role of Japanese teachers of English from a second language acquisition perspective. It discusses that input is crucial for language learning, but the input must be comprehensible to learners. It also discusses that output is important, but input comes first. The presentation recommends that teachers adjust their speech for learners, use gestures and visual aids carefully, elaborate on meanings rather than simplify, and provide feedback to increase learners' awareness of language forms. The key ideas are that comprehensible input, elaboration and interaction help form-meaning mapping while feedback further develops awareness of forms.
Roles of assistant language teachers and Japanese teachers of English for a s...Ken Urano
The document discusses research on second language acquisition and provides guidance for ALTs and JTEs on effective team teaching.
It summarizes that input is crucial for language learning, but the input must be comprehensible to learners. Teachers should use techniques like elaboration, gestures, visual aids, and interaction to help make input comprehensible while retaining linguistic complexity. Simplification may improve understanding but not support learning. The document also recommends providing feedback to increase learners' awareness of language forms. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input through adjusted teacher speech, elaboration, and feedback to facilitate both meaning and form in the language learning process.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
2. メタ分析
最近多い
META-ANALYSIS IN L2 RESEARCH
16
14
14
Number of meta-analyses
•
12
10
10
8
6
4
2
2
2
1999-2001
2002-2004
1
0
1996-1998
2005-2007
2008-in press
Year of meta-analysis
Fig. 1. Growth of meta-analysis in L2 research.
Oswald & Plonsky (2010, p. 87)
magnitudes and patterns of relationships as well as the circumstances that
affect them.
87
3. Norris & Ortega (2000)
•
Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research
synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis.
Language Learning, 50, 417–528.
4. Norris & Ortega (2000)
•
Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research
synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis.
Language Learning, 50, 417–528.
5. Norris & Ortega (2000)
•
Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research
synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis.
Language Learning, 50, 417–528.
15. Griesdale et al. (2009)
•
Intensive insulin therapy and mortality
among critically ill patients: A metaanalysis including NICE-SUGAR study data.
Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180,
821–827.
16. Griesdale et al. (2009)
•
Intensive insulin therapy and mortality
among critically ill patients: A metaanalysis including NICE-SUGAR study data.
Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180,
821–827.
20. Selection Criteria
1. The study was a randomized controlled trial
2. The study participants were adults
3. A critical care setting was used
4. The intensive insulin therapy was defined
by a target blood glucose concentration of
83 mmol/L or less
5. The study documented mortality
33. 結論
•
In our updated meta-analysis of
randomized trials of intensive insulin
therapy in critically ill patients, we found
that such therapy had no effect on the
overall risk of death.
34. 結論
•
In our updated meta-analysis of
randomized trials of intensive insulin
therapy in critically ill patients, we found
that such therapy had no effect on the
overall risk of death.
35. 結論
•
Our findings do not support the
guidelines of organizations such as the
American Diabetes Association, … and
other organizations, … who recommend
intensive insulin therapy for all critically ill
patients.
36. 結論
•
Our findings do not support the
guidelines of organizations such as the
American Diabetes Association, … and
other organizations, … who recommend
intensive insulin therapy for all critically ill
patients.
37. 結論
•
We suggest that policy-makers reconsider
recommendations promoting the use of
intensive insulin therapy in all critically ill
patients.
38. 結論
•
We suggest that policy-makers reconsider
recommendations promoting the use of
intensive insulin therapy in all critically ill
patients.
40. Gooßen & Gräber (2012)
•
Longer term safety of dipeptidyl
peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with
type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic
review and meta-analysis. Diabetes,
Obesity and Metabolism, 14, 1061–1072.
41. Gooßen & Gräber (2012)
•
DPP-4 inhibitors are a safe treatment
option for patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Concerns over immune effects of
gliptins were dispelled and should not
influence future prescribing behaviour.
42. Miller et al. (2005)
•
Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E
supplementation may increase all-cause
mortality. Annual Internal Medicine, 142,
37–46.
43. Miller et al. (2005)
•
High-dosage vitamin supplementation is
often assumed to be at worst innocuous. In
view of the increased mortality associated
with high dosages of β-carotene and now
vitamin E, use of any high-dosage vitamin
supplements should be discouraged until
evidence of efficacy is documented from
appropriately designed clinical trials.
44. Reid et al. (2005)
•
Oxycodone for cancer-related pain: Metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials.
Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 837–843.
45. Reid et al. (2005)
•
In this review, we did not find any
important differences between oxycodone
and morphine. Oxycodone is almost 4
times more expensive than morphine in
England, and there is less general
experience of its use. Thus, there is no
reason to challenge the recommendation
to use morphine as a first-line agent for
cancer pain.
52. The Cochrane Collaboration is an international network of
more than 31,000 dedicated people from over 120
countries. We work together to help healthcare
practitioners, policy-makers, patients, their advocates and
carers, make well-informed decisions about health care,
by preparing, updating, and promoting the accessibility
of Cochrane Reviews—over 5,000 so far, published online
in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, part of
The Cochrane Library. We also prepare the largest
collection of records of randomised controlled trials in the
world, called CENTRAL, published as part of The Cochrane
Library.
Our work is internationally recognised as the benchmark
for high quality information about the effectiveness of
health care.
61. Watari (2013)
•
N & O (2000)の再検討
•
•
•
•
(a) 目標言語と文法項目の分布
(b) 規則提示のタイミング
(c) 焦点を当てている機能的側面
(d) 文法項目の選択・教材の配列の根拠
62. and (d) rationale for selection, sequence, and examples.
Table 1. Target languages & grammatical items (number of treatments)
(a)目標言語と文法項目の分布
English
Articles
2
Locative suffixes/Location phrase
Artificial
6
Japanese
French
5
2
Finnish
1
Number/Person/Gender
Spanish
Case
Pronouns/Relativization
Present/past participal
2
4
1
3
10
1
3
Dative alternation/SVO-order
1
12
1
2
Whether/if clause/Conditional
2
Implicature/Politeness
Derewiank
Cumm
York: S
3
3
6
2
1
" [5] “Yo
Refe
10
Particles/Honorifics
(Passive) voice
" [3] [2]
" [4] Yoi
{ stand
8
Interrogative/Imperative/Negative
" [1] Yoi
" [2] “Yo
3
Tense/Time phrases
Som
gave th
Besides
for exp
hypoth
e.g., tea
2
1
*This study doesn’t go into the methodological limitations of their meta-analysis (See
Doughty, C
H. Lon
Norris, J., &
analys
Shin, H. W.
63. Watari (2013)
•
N & O (2000)の再検討
•
(a) 目標言語と文法項目の分布
•
•
ムラが多い
一部の形態統語的カテゴリーに偏って
いる
64. 0.46
n.t.
1.85
n.a.
(dDoughty (1991) re-calculation shows target language is a potential and possibly important No. 1
= -0.01). This College, English University Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics, Vol. 10,
Teachers
Columbia
Another Look at Norrisn.t. Ortega (2000)
and
moderating variable. This example shows that the potential effect of moderators may be critical
Ha (2005)
English
0.07
n.t.
0.26
n.t.
in Izumi (2002) treatment effectiveness through meta-analysis. 0.67
exploring the
English
0.02
n.t.
(dLee (2007)This re-calculation shows target language is a potential and possibly -0.73
= -0.01).
important
English
1.05
n.t.
1.11
moderating variable. This example shows that the potential effect of moderators may be critical
White (1998)
English
0.26 TABLE 1
-0.01
0.97
n.t.
in exploring the re-calculation of the effect sizemeta-analysis.
treatment effectiveness through in Lee and Huang’s (2008) study
A
Mean
0.37
-0.01
0.97
-0.73
Effect size (d)
SD
0.42 TABLE 1
n.a.
0.59
n.a.
K
5 Grammar Learning 5
1
1
A re-calculation of the effect size Delayedand Pre-to-post
in Lee
Huang’s (2008) study
Target
Immediate
Meaning
95%CI upper
0.74
1.49
size (d)
Study
Language
posttest
posttestEffect contrast
comprehension
95%CI lower
0.01 Grammar Learning 0.46
Doughty (1991)
English
0.46
n.t.
1.85
n.a.
Cf. N & O (2000)に対する批判 by Shin (2010)
Target
Immediate Delayed
Pre-to-post
Meaning
Target
Immediate Delayed
Pre-to-post
Meaning
n.t.
Ha (2005)
English
0.07
n.t.
0.26
Study
Language
posttest
posttest
contrast
comprehension
Study
Language
posttest
posttest
contrast
comprehension
n.t.
Izumi (2002) (1998)
English
0.02
n.t.
0.67
n.a.
Jourdenais 1
Spanish
-0.04
-0.1
-0.04
Doughty (1991)
English
0.46
n.t.
1.85
n.a.
Lee (2007) 2 (1998)
English
1.05
n.t.
1.11
-0.73
n.a.
Jourdenais
Spanish
-0.02
-0.1
-0.19
n.t.
Ha (2005)
English
0.07
n.t.
0.26
White (1998) (1998)
English
0.26
-0.01
0.97
n.t.
n.a.
Jourdenais 3
Spanish
-0.15
0.09
0.01
n.t.
Izumi (2002)
English
0.02
n.t.
0.67
Mean 1 (2000)
0.37
-0.01
0.97
-0.73
n.a.
n.t.
Kubota
Spanish
-0.37
-0.45
Lee (2007)
English
1.05
n.t.
1.11
-0.73
SD
0.42
n.a.
0.59
n.a.
n.a.
n.t.
Kubota 2 (2000)
Spanish
-0.1
-0.21
White (1998)
English
0.26
-0.01
0.97
n.t.
KLeow (1997)
5
1
5
1
n.t.
Spanish
-0.06
0.86
0.28
Mean upper
0.37
-0.01
0.97
-0.73
95%CI (2001)
0.74
1.49
n.a.
n.t.
n.a.
Leow
Spanish
n.a.
SD
0.42
n.a.
0.59
n.a.
95%CI et al (2003)
0.01
0.46
n.a.
n.t.
n.a.
Leow lower
Spanish
n.a.
K
5
1
5
1
Target
Immediate
Delayed
Pre-to-post
Meaning
n.t.
Overstreet 1 (1998)
Spanish
0.07
0.07
-0.94
95%CI upper
0.74
1.49
Study
Language
posttest
posttest
contrast
comprehension
n.t.
n.t.
Overstreet 2 (2002)
Spanish
0.61
-0.34
n.a.
95%CI lower(1998)
0.01
0.46
Jourdenais 1
Spanish
-0.04
-0.1
-0.04
n.t.
n.t.
Overstreet 1 (2002)
Spanish
-0.05
-0.13
Target
Immediate Delayed
Pre-to-post
Meaning
n.a.
Jourdenais 2 (1998)
Spanish
-0.02
-0.1
-0.19
n.t.
Shook (2004)
Spanish
n.a.
n.a.
-0.30
Study
posttest
posttest
contrast
comprehension
n.a.
Jourdenais 3 (1998) Language
Spanish
-0.15
0.09
0.01
Mean
-0.01
-0.15
0.14
-0.29
n.a.
Jourdenais 1 (1998)
Spanish
-0.04
-0.1
-0.04
n.a.
n.t.
Kubota 1 (2000)
Spanish
-0.37
-0.45
SD
0.26
0.20
0.41
0.44
n.a.
Jourdenais 2 (1998)
Spanish
-0.02
-0.1
-0.19
n.a.
n.t.
Kubota 2 (2000)
Spanish
-0.1
-0.21
K
9
5
5
5
n.a.
Jourdenais 3 (1998)
Spanish
-0.15
0.09
0.01
n.t.
Leow (1997)
Spanish
-0.06
0.86
0.28
95%CI1upper
0.16
0.02
0.50
0.10
n.a.
n.t.
Kubota (2000)
Spanish
-0.37
-0.45
n.a.
n.t.
n.a.
Leow (2001)
Spanish
n.a.
95%CI lower
-0.18
-0.33
-0.22
-0.67
n.a.
n.t.
Kubota 2al (2003)
(2000)
Spanish
-0.1
-0.21
n.a.= not applicable because the study did not provide sufficient data
n.t.
n.a.
Leown.t. = not tested in theSpanish study; n.a.
et
n.a.
Note,
particular
n.t.
7
Leow (1997)(1998)
Spanish
-0.06
0.86
0.28
n.t.
for the effect
samples contributing to the effect size calculation.-0.94
Overstreet 1size calculations; k = number of0.07
Spanish
0.07
…
…
65. ! (a) What kinds of grammatical items are instructed? (Table 1)
Spotty, and biased toward some morpho-syntactic categories.
(b) 規則提示のタイミング
! (b) When is “explicit explanation” presented?
Sixty of 71 treatments gave some metalinguistic explanation. But
when? Before/while/after activities or training sessions (Table 2).
Table 2. The timing of metalinguistic explanation/feedback
Before
Before/while
While
After
Focus on FormS
12
26
4
0
Focus on Form
11
3
4
0
Biased toward giving rule description deductively, so we can’t get the
whole picture unless we construct and include rule discovery kind of
instruction with metalinguistic clues and/or summary more.
! (c) Which aspect(s) is “explicit explanation” focused on?
Grammar is related to 3 functions (Derewianka, 2007), e. g.,
66. Watari (2013)
•
N & O (2000)の再検討
•
(b) 規則提示のタイミング
•
規則の演繹的提示と誤りの指摘・訂正
に偏っている
•
規則発見・形成とか「まとめ」とか、
そういう発想ないの
67. (c) 焦点を当てている機能的側面
•
観念構成的:
•
•
•
The tiger was caught an hour ago.
対人関係的:
•
•
•
A man caught the tiger an hour ago.
You didn’t pay the bill last month.
The bill wasn’t paid last month.
テクスト形成的:
•
Two men have broken into the museum, and have been
arrested.
84. 追試って?
•
Internal replication
•
•
•
carried out by the original researcher(s)
involves reassessing the data obtained,
typically through statistical re-sampling and
cross- validation techniques
External replication
•
concerned with new data from new subjects
and/or a new context. (Porte (Ed.), 2012, p. 7)
85. 追試って?
•
Exact replication
•
•
Approximate/systematic replication
•
•
Everything, including the subjects, is kept the same
One key variable (such as the learners' proficiency, L1
background, or learning context) is changed
Conceptual/constructive replications
•
involve changing the operationalization of a
construct, the study design, or a “nonmajor" variable.
(Language Teaching Review Panel, 2008, pp. 2-3)
89. メタ分析のガイドライン
•
Plonsky & Oswald (2012):
•
Identification:
•
•
Author, Year, Source/venue, Journal, Title
Study context:
•
Second language/foreign language (SL/FL),
Classroom/ laboratory, Type of institution,
Age, Target language(s), first language (L1),
L2 proficiency level, Location of study
90. メタ分析のガイドライン
•
Plonsky & Oswald (2012):
•
Measures:
•
•
Dependent variable(s), Type(s) of outcomes
measures, Reliability
Outcomes:
•
Means and standard deviations for both control
and experimental groups, Effect size,
Frequencies, Percentages, p-values, Statistical
test results
92. 追試のガイドライン
•
Abbuhl (2012):
•
Step 1: Critically Review and Choose a Study
•
•
•
•
•
妥当性,必要性,強み弱み,実行可能性
Step 2: Decide on the Replication Type
Step 3: Formulate the Research Question
Step 4: Interpret the Results
Step 5: Write Up the Results
101. 引用文献
•
Abbuhl, R. (2012). Why, when, and how to replicate research. In A. Mackey & S. M. Gass (Eds.), Research methods in second language acquisition: A practical guide (pp.
296-312). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
•
Gooßen, K., & Gräber, S. (2012). Longer term safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, 14, 1061–1072.
•
Griesdale D. E., de Souza, R.J., van Dam, R. M., Heyland, D.K., Cook, D.J., Malhotra, A., Dhaliwal, R., Henderson, W. R., Chittock, D. R., Finfer, S., & Talmor, D. (2009). Intensive
insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: A meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(8), 821–827.
•
•
•
Language Teaching Review Panel (2008). Replication studies in language learning and teaching: Questions and answers. Language Teaching, 41, 1, 1–14.
•
•
•
Norris, J., & Ortega, L. (2000). Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis. Language Learning, 50, 417–528.
•
Polio, C. (2012). Replication in published applied linguistics research: A historical perspective. In G. Porte (Ed.), Replication research in applied linguistics (pp. 47-91).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
•
•
Polio, C., & Gass, S. (1997). Replication and reporting: A commentary. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 499–508.
•
Russell, J., & Spada, N. (2006). The effectiveness of corrective feedback for the acquisition of L2 grammar: A meta-analysis of the research. In J. M. Norris & L. Ortega
(Eds.), Synthesizing research on language learning and teaching (pp. 133-164). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
•
•
•
•
•
Santos, T. (1989). Replication in applied linguistics research. TESOL Quarterly, 23, 699–702.
Lyster, R., & Saito, K. (2010). Oral feedback in classroom SLA: A meta-analysis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32, 2, 265–302.
Miller III, E. R., Pastor-Barriuso, R. Dalal, D., Riemersma, R. A., Appel, L. J., & Guallar, E. (2005). Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E supplementation may Increase allcause mortality. Annual Internal Medicine, 142, 37–46.
Oswald, F. L., & Plonsky, L. (2010). Meta-analysis in second language research: Choices and challenges. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 30, 85–110.
Plonsky, L., & Oswald, F.L. (2012). How to do a meta-analysis. In A. Mackey & S. M. Gass (Eds.), Research methods in second language acquisition: A practical guide (pp.
275–295). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Reid, C. M., Martin, R. M., Sterne, J. A.C., Davies, A. N., & Hanks, G. W. (2006). Oxycodone for cancer-related pain: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of
Internal Medicine, 166, 837–843.
Shin, H. W. (2010). Another look at Norris and Ortega (2000). Teachers College, Columbia University Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics, 10, 1, 15–38.
丹後俊郎. (2002). 『メタ・アナリシス入門: エビデンスの統合をめざす統計手法』. 東京: 朝倉書店.
Truscott, J. (2007). The effect of error correction on learners’ ability to write accurately. Journal of Second Language Writing, 16, 4, 255–272.
浦野研. (2013). 第二言語学習者の暗示的文法知識の測定法―構成概念妥当性の視点から―. 『外国語教育メディア学会(LET)関西支部メソドロジー研究部
会2012年度報告論集』, 36–45. Retrieved from http://www.mizumot.com/method/2012-03_Urano.pdf
•
Watari, Y. (2013). What do you mean by “explicit”?: A methodological consideration in explicit grammar teaching research. Poster session presented at the BAAL 2013
conference, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.