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Remote sensing platforms.pptx GFYUUYUTTYU
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- 2. Remote Sensing Platforms- Introduction 1. Ground based 2. Airborne 3. Spaceborne
- 3. Ground-based platforms aremainly used to collect spectral information. They provide a basis for preliminary investigation and concept understanding. They are also used for the calibration and validation of airborne and spaceborne data. – Hand-held / cranes – Captive/tethered balloons – Manned and unmanned – Relatively inexpensive, stable Ground Based
- 4. Free floating balloons •Restricted by atmospheric conditions • Used to acquire meteorological/atmospheric data – Blimps/dirigibles • Major role - news media/advertisers • Helicopters – Can pin-point locations – Lack stability and vibrate Airborne sensors
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- 7. Types of UAV Choosethe right tool Rotary Wing / Multirotor Advantages Disadvantages VTOL Shorter battery life Surveillance or Surveying Multiple points of failure Advantages Disadvantages Longer Battery life May need launcher device Better for large areas Needs open area for takeoff/landing Fixed Wing DJI Phantom 3 Professional Trimble UX5 Altavian Nova F7200 Trimble ZX5
- 8. Applications of UAV LandSurveying 2D Maps Terrai n GIS
- 9. Applications of UAV Agriculture Crop Monitoring Chemical Application Land Management Diseases Insects Weed CropProgress Crop Stress Fertilizer Application Pesticide Application Drainage Issues Replanting Decisions Yield Estimations Soil Moisture
- 10. Applications of UAV EnvironmentalStudies Forests Coastal Wildlife Forest Fire Deforestation Coastal Erosion Animal Counting
- 11. Applications of UAV CivilEngineering Infrastructur e Inspection Feasibilit y Surveys Mining Bridges Cell Phone Towers Power lines Solar Panels Transportation Routes Volume Calculation
- 12. Applications of UAV HumanitarianEfforts Disaster Mapping Hazard Monitoring Emergency Delivery Emergency response coordination Search and Rescue Post disaster assessment Volcanos Glaciers Floods Medicine
- 13. Deliverables from UAV Numerous Overlapping Images Orthomosaic Aphoto map that has been geometrically corrected to uniform scale • Make 2D Measurements (distance, area) • GIS integration
- 14. Low Altitude Aircraft •Generally operate below 30,000 ft • Most widely used are single engine or light twin engine • Imagery can be obtained by shooting out the window or placing camera mount on window or base of aircraft • Suitable for obtaining image data for small areas (large scale)
- 15. High Altitude Aircraft •Operate above 30,000 ft • Includes jet aircraft with good rate of climb, maximum speed, and high operating ceiling • Stable • Acquire imagery for large areas (smaller scale)
- 16. Advantages/Disadvantages of Aircraft •Advantages – Acquire imagery under suitable weather conditions – Control platform variables such as altitude – Time of coverage can be controlled -- flexibility – Easy to mobilize • Disadvantages – Expensive – primarily cost of aircraft – Less stable than spacecraft • Drift off course • Random attitude changes (turbulent motions) • Motion blurring
- 17. Spaceborne platforms • Satellitesprovide the spaceborne platform for sensors and are indeed the most common remote sensing platform. The path followed by a satellite is referred to as its orbit. Compared with manned spacecraft satellites offer many advantages. For example, no life support systems are required, making them cheaper to build and launch. Satellites can offer very long periods of operation, using repetitive orbits and providing global coverage. • Manned and unmanned systems
- 19. Geostationary satellites Geostationary satellitesoperate at high altitudes (approx 36,000 km) and move above the equator in synchronization with the earth's rotation, with the result that they remains in the same position above the Earth. They are used for meteorological and communications purposes, and some can monitor the weather over entire hemispheres of the Earth. This approach provides the same view of the Earth every 30 minutes, particularly appropriate for observation of rapidly-changing patterns such as weather.
- 20. Polar orbiting satellites Polarorbiting satellites operate at low altitude (approximately 800km), moving from north to south so as to cover the Earth surface in a particular period. Low revisit intervals mean that it be 2 weeks between successive coverage of the same region. This type of orbit is mostly used for remote sensing studies.
- 21. Some polar orbitingsatellites are sun-synchronous, which means that they cover each area of the Earth at a constant local time of day, called local sun time. At any given latitude, the position of the sun in the sky as the satellite passes overhead will be the same within the same season. The satellite travels northwards on one side of the Earth (ascending pass) and then toward the southern pole on the second half of its orbit (descending pass). The ascending pass is most likely to be on the shadowed side of the Earth while the descending pass is on the sunlit side. Low earth - generally used for spy satellites could be as low as 160 km above Earth – which is low compared to other orbits, but still very far above Earth’s surface.