This document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses in English grammar. It provides examples of relative pronouns such as who, whom, which, whose, and that being used to combine two sentences into one sentence with a relative clause. It also discusses the differences between defining and non-defining relative clauses, including whether the relative pronoun can be omitted. The document then provides exercises for students to practice forming relative clauses with various relative pronouns.

1. Teacher: Nguyễn Minh Ngọc Loan
RELATIVES CLAUSES
A. Defining relative clauses with: Who, Which, Whose, That (mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn
với Who, Which, Whose, That)
1. WHO: Thay thế cho he / she / they hoặc danh từ chỉ người trong câu 2
NGƯỜI + WHO + VERB
Ex: 1. That’s the man. He wants to see our form teacher
That’s the man who wants to see our form teacher
2. The boy has a fine collection of stamps. He lives next doorto me
The boys who lives next doorto me has a fine collection of stamps
2. WHOM: Thay thế cho him / her / them hoặc danh từ chỉ người trong câu 2
NGƯỜI + WHOM + S + VERB
Ex: I know the man. You want to meet him
I know the man whom you want to meet
3. WHICH: Thay thế cho it / they / them hoặc danh từ chỉ vật trong câu 2
VẬT + WHICH
Ex: 1. Tet is a festival. Tet occurs in late January or early Feruary
 Tet is a festival which occurs in late January or early Feruary
2. The bookwas good. I read it
The bookwhich I read was good
Đại từ quan hệ Whom Which không thể bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn vì câu
sẽ không rõ nghĩa. Khôngcó dấu phẩygiữa nó và mệnh đề chính.
4. WHOSE:Thay thế cho my / his / her / its / our / your / their trong câu 2
WHOSE + NOUN
Ex: 1. They are the people. Their sons are famous football players
 They are the people whose sons are famous football players
2. The people were nice. We visited their house
 The people whose house we visited were nice
5. THAT: Đại từ quan hệ That có thể thay thế cho Who, Whom, Which trong mệnh
đề giới hạn. That bắt buộc dùng saucác tính từ ở dạng so sánh nhất, sau all,
much, little, any, none, nothing, anything, nobody, everything…sauhỗn hợp
người + vật
Ex: I gave her all the money. I had it
 I gave her all the money thatI had
B. Non - defining relative clauses:mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
Đại từ quan hệ mệnh who, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn có thể bỏ đi, có
dấu phẩy giữa 2 mệnh đề
Ex: Viet Nam, which is in south-east Asia, exports rice.
Nhưng trường hợp phảidùng Non - defining relative clauses :
Từ đứng trước là danh từ riêng (Lenin, Mr Brown,…)
Ex: Mr Brown is a famous doctor. You saw him yesterday
 Mr Brown, whom you saw yesterday, is a famous doctor
Từ đứng trước là danh từ độc nhất (the Earth, the Sun,…)

2. Teacher: Nguyễn Minh Ngọc Loan
Ex: TheEarth is getting hotter. We live on it
 The Earth, which we live on, is getting hotter
Từ đứng trước được xác định bằng:
 This, that, these,…
 My, your, his, her, its,…
 On the left, from HN, at the station, next to, at the end of,…
Ex: 1. This building is the city museum. It was rebuilt last year
 This building, which was rebuilt last year, is the city museum
2. My father is working in this company. You talked with him last Sunday
 My father, whom you talked with last Sunday, is working in this
company
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns:
1. Auld Lang Syne is a song…………………is sung on New Year’s Eve
2. No one knows the man …………………theyare looking for
3. This is my grandfather…………………opinion I always respect
4. They are talking about the celebration…………………is going to be held at the end
of the month
5. Do you know the man…………………daughter has won the contest
6. The boy…………………bookis very dirty must do that exercise again
7. Do you know the man…………………sonwe are sharing a flat with?
8. My uncle…………………youmet yesterday is a lawyer
9. You should meet the man…………………I will send a letter to
10.That is the boy…………………brokethe window
11.Family members…………………live apart try to be together at Tet
12.To the one…………………feelings for me are so strong that the word love can’t
describe them
13.Viet Nam, …………………is in the South-east Asia, exports rice
14.Neil Armstrong, …………………first walked on the moon, lived in the USA
15.Tet is a festival…………………occurs in late January or early February
16.That’s Jack, …………………,lives next door
17.The people …………………youmet at the party were very friendly
18.Anny, …………………carhad broken, was in a very bad mood
19.Typhoonmay damage the water pines…………………supplyour home
20.We all like the sticky rice cakes…………………aremade by our grandmother
21.He is a considerate and generous man…………………is loved not only by his family
but also by all his friends
22.Do you know the man…………………carJack is driving?
23.He is a man…………………is loved not only by his family but also by all his friends
24.Mr. Nam, …………………has just talk to you, is my uncle
25.Tornadoes can suck up anything…………………is in their path
26.The pupil…………………helped you with the homework is nice

3. Teacher: Nguyễn Minh Ngọc Loan
27.The boy…………………dictionary you are using is a friend of mine
28.This watch is a gift …………………was given to my friend on my birthday
29.Judy liked the full moon festival…………………is celebrated in mid-fall very much
II. Combine these sentences, using relative pronoun WHO, WHOM, WHICH,
WHOSE:
1. Trinh Cong Son composed songs. Theyare liked by millions of Vietnamese people
 Trinh Cong Son composed songs.....................................................................
2. On New Year Day, children like wearing clothes. They are new and comfortable
 On New Year Day ...........................................................................................
3. Tom is the boy. He is good at foreign languages
 Tom is the boy................................................................................................
4. Slient night is a song. It is sung on Christmas Eve
 Slient night is a song........................................................................................
5. The girl won the contest. We met her at the club
 The girl whom.................................................................................................
6. Mother’s Day is a day. It is celebrated on the second Sunday in May
 Mother’s Day is...............................................................................................
7. Tom and Peter are the children. They paraded with candle-lit lanterns along the streets
 Tom and Peter are............................................................................................
8. Auld Lang Syne is a song. Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year Eve
 Auld Lang Syne is ...........................................................................................
9. The people were nice. We visited their house
The people whose.............................................................................................
10.This watch is a gift. The watch was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birthday
 This watch is a.................................................................................................
11.My friends Tom can composesongs. Tomsings Western folk songs very well
 My friends Tom ..............................................................................................
12.We often go to the town culture house. The town culture house always opens on
public holidays
 We often go to the ...........................................................................................
13.I like reading books. Books tell about different people and their cultures
 I like reading ..................................................................................................
14.On my mom’s birthday, my dad gave her roses. The roses were very sweet and
beautiful
 On my mom’s birthday, my dad.......................................................................
15.Judy liked the full-moon festival very much. The festival is celebrated in mid-fall
 Judy liked the full-moon...................................................................................
16.Tomorrow I will go the airport to meet my friends. My friends come to stay with us
during the Christmas

4. Teacher: Nguyễn Minh Ngọc Loan
 Tomorrow I will go the airport .........................................................................
17.The house was built many years ago, and it collapsed last week
The house which was........................................................................................
18.That newspaper is mine. I bought it yesterday
That newspaper which ......................................................................................
19.Tom and Peter did not come. They were invited
........................................................................................................................
20.Did you borrow this book?
Is this the bookwhich.......................................................................................
21.Banh Chung is the Vietnamese traditional cake. It is usually eaten on Tet holiday
........................................................................................................................
22.A man phoned. He did not say his name
........................................................................................................................
23.The children were playing football. I saw them at the park
........................................................................................................................
24.The bookwas good. I read it yesterday
........................................................................................................................
25.Who is the woman? We met her here last year
........................................................................................................................
26.Do you know the man? His daughter has just been presented with gold medals
 Do you know the man whose ...........................................................................
27.The boyis very poor. His bicycle was stolen yesterday
........................................................................................................................
28.I come from a country. Its history goes back thousands of years
 I come from a country whose...........................................................................
29.Jack knows the man. The man’s name was William
 Jack knows the man whose ..............................................................................
30.Mother’s day is a national day. It is celebrated on the second Sunday in May
........................................................................................................................