Refrigeration is a process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions. The work of heat transport is traditionally driven by mechanical work, but can also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means. Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A.C., or A/C) is the process of removing heat from a confined space, thus cooling the air, and removing humidity.
Refrigeration is a process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions. The work of heat transport is traditionally driven by mechanical work, but can also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means. Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A.C., or A/C) is the process of removing heat from a confined space, thus cooling the air, and removing humidity.
What is first law of Thermodynamics?
What is a Thermodynamic cycle?
Types of Thermodynamic cycles
What is a Refrigeration Cycle?
Types of Refrigeration cycles
What is a Refrigeration System?
Principle of working of a Refrigeration System
Other Refrigeration systems
In this power-point presentation, you'll understand the basic concepts & mechanisms of a fridge/refrigerator.
This is a short ppt in simple english language for easy & quick understanding of concepts.
Hope, it'll be helpful to you
THANKYOU :)
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, Refrigerants,
Coefficient of performance, Capacity, Factors affecting Refrigeration and Air conditioning
system performance and savings opportunities.
Vapor absorption refrigeration system: Working principle, Types and comparison with
vapor compression system, Saving potential
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
What is first law of Thermodynamics?
What is a Thermodynamic cycle?
Types of Thermodynamic cycles
What is a Refrigeration Cycle?
Types of Refrigeration cycles
What is a Refrigeration System?
Principle of working of a Refrigeration System
Other Refrigeration systems
In this power-point presentation, you'll understand the basic concepts & mechanisms of a fridge/refrigerator.
This is a short ppt in simple english language for easy & quick understanding of concepts.
Hope, it'll be helpful to you
THANKYOU :)
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, Refrigerants,
Coefficient of performance, Capacity, Factors affecting Refrigeration and Air conditioning
system performance and savings opportunities.
Vapor absorption refrigeration system: Working principle, Types and comparison with
vapor compression system, Saving potential
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
1. REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
GUIDED BY
1. PROF Y.R SHARMA IN MECHANICAL DEPT.
2. PROF P.K. PATEL IN MECHANICAL DEPT.
PREPARED BY
(1). TRIVEDI KULDIPKUMAR J 130930119116
(2). VANJARA JAYESHKUMAR R 130930119117
(3).PRATIKKUMAR D 130930119118
(4)VINAYKANT TRIPATHI 130930119119
(5)VINIT PATEL 130930119120
(6)YADAV ANKUR RAMJEE 130930119121
(7)YADAV HIMANSHU S 130930119122
ARRDEKTA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
2. Introduction
• The mechanism used for lowering or
producing low temp. in a body or a space,
whose temp. is already below the temp. of
its surrounding, is called the refrigeration
system.
• Here the heat is being generally pumped
from low level to the higher one & is
rejected at high temp.
3. Refrigeration
• The term refrigeration may be defined as
the process of removing heat from a
substance under controlled conditions.
• It also includes the process of reducing
heat & maintaining the temp. of a body
below the general temp. of its
surroundings.
• In other words the refrigeration means a
continued extraction of heat from a body
whose temp is already below the temp. of
its surroundings.
4. Refrigerator & Refrigerant
• A refrigerator is a reversed heat engine or
a heat pump which takes out heat from a
cold body & delivers it to a hot body.
• The refrigerant is a heat carrying medium
which during their cycle in a refrigeration
system absorbs heat from a low temp.
system & delivers it to a higher temp.
system.
5. Refrigeration Cycle
• In refrigeration system the heat is being
generally pumped from low level to higher
one & rejected at that temp.
• This rejection of heat from low level to
higher level of temp. can only be
performed with the help of external work
according to second law of
thermodynamics.
6. • The total amount of heat being rejected to
the outside body consist of two parts:-
- the heat extracted from the body to be
cooled .
- the heat equivalent to the mechanical work
required for extracting it.
HEAT REJECTION
8. REFRIGERATIOR
• A refrigerator is a reverse heat engine run
in the reverse direction by means of
external aid.
• Every type of refrigeration system used for
producing cold must have the following
four basic units:-
9. REFRIGERATIOR
• Low temp. thermal sink to which the heat
is rejected for cooling the space.
• Means of extracting the heat energy from
the sink, raising its level of temp. before
delivering it to heat receiver.
• A receiver is a storage to which the heat is
transferred from the high temp., high
pressure refrigerant.
10. • Means of reducing the pressure & temp. of
the refrigerant before it return to the sink.
• The processes of the cycle are
evaporation, compression, condensation &
expansion.
• By reversing the heat engine cycle
completely & by changing the working
agent, a refrigeration cycle is obtained.
12. Vapour Compression Refrigeration
• This is the most important system from the
point of commercial & domestic utility &
most practical form of refrigeration.
• The working fluid refrigerant used in this
refrigeration system readily evaporates &
condenses or changes alternatively
between the vapour & liquid phases
without leaving the refrigerating plant
13. • During evaporation it absorbs heat from
the cold body or in condensing or cooling it
rejects heat to the external hot body .
• The heat absorbed from cold body during
evaporation is used as its latent heat for
converting it from liquid to vapour.
• Thus a cooling effect is created in working
fluid.
14.
15. • This system of refrigeration thus act as latent
heat pump since its pump its latent heat from the
cold body or brine & rejects it or deliver it to the
external hot body or the cooling medium.
• According to the law of thermodynamics , this
can be done only on the expenditure of energy
which is supplied to the system in the form of
electrical energy driving the compressor.
16. • The vapour compression cycle is used in
most of the modern refrigeration systems
in large industrial plants.
• The vapour in this cycle is circulated
through the various components of the
system, where it undergoes a number of
changes in its state or condition.
17. REFRIGERATOR COMPONENTS
• Each cycle of operation consists of the
four fundamental changes of state or
processes:-
Expansion
Vaporisation
Compression
Condensation
18. Compressor
The low pressure & temp. refrigerant from
evaporator is drawn into the compressor through
the inlet or suction valve , where it is
compressed to a high pressure & temp.
The high pressure & temp vapour refrigerant is
discharged into the condenser through the
delivery or discharge valve.
19. Condenser
The condenser or the cooler consists of coils
of pipe in which the high pressure & temp.
vapour refrigerant is cooled & condensed.
The refrigerant while passing through the
condenser, rejects its latent heat to surrounding
condensing medium which is normally air or
water.
Thus hot refrigerant vapour received from
compressor is converted into liquid form in
condenser.
20. Receiver
The condensed liquid refrigerant from the
condenser is stored in a vessel, known as
receiver, from where it is supplied to the
expansion valve or refrigerant control
valve.
21. Expansion Valve
The function of this valve is to allow the
liquid refrigerant under high pressure &
temp. to pass at a controlled rate after
reducing its pressure & temp.
some of liquid refrigerant evaporates as it
passes through the expansion valve, but
the greater portion is vaporised in the
evaporator at the low pressure & temp.
22. Evaporator
An evaporator consists of coils of pipes in which
the liquid vapour refrigerant at low pressure &
temp. is evaporated & changed into vapour
refrigerant at low pressure & temp.
During evaporation process, the liquid vapour
refrigerant absorbs its latent heat of vaporization
from the medium which is to be cooled.
23. Advantages
• Smaller size for a given refrigerating
capacity
• Higher coeff. of performance
• Lower power requirements for a given
capacity
• Less complexity in both design &
operation
• It can be used over large of temp.
24. Contd….
• It represents a significant portion of the
refrigeration industry due to the use of
these units in large number.
• For domestic preservation, the storage is
generally short term. The domestic
refrigerators used for the purposes are
usually small in sizes with rating in ranges
from 1/20 to ½ tonne.
25. Contd….
• The unit is usually self contained and
hermetically sealed.
• Due to short term storage the domestic
refrigerator load is intermittent.