This is a lecture on Refractive Errors, discussing the etiology, clinical features, the different types, diagnosis, treatment and management options.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, Zambia, department of Opthalmology by Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi (6th year medical student) at Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
complete information about the refractive errors due to the problem in the acomodation of eye lense , disturbed image formation in the retina, contains -types of disease condition .
This presentation includes the description of human eye - it's parts, defects of human eye and their correction methods, concept of power of accommodation of human eye and care of human eye.
complete information about the refractive errors due to the problem in the acomodation of eye lense , disturbed image formation in the retina, contains -types of disease condition .
This presentation includes the description of human eye - it's parts, defects of human eye and their correction methods, concept of power of accommodation of human eye and care of human eye.
This is a slide show presentation I prepared for the Technical Support staff at Topcon Medical Systems to introduce and familiarize the art of refraction.
glaucoma and cataract.pdf, After the class the students will be able :
Explain the structures and function of eye.
Explain the age affect on vision.
Describe the definition , etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, medical management, surgical management and Nursing management of Glaucoma.
Describe the definition , etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, medical management, surgical management and Nursing management of cataract.
List down the health education for Glaucoma and cataract.
Aniseikonia [ophthalmology description for medical students ]Madhuri Kureti
concise description of aniseikonia which is a condition wherein the images projected to the visual cortex from the two retinae are abnormally unequal in size and /or shape
A presentation I gave on Pediatric Fluid Therapy, with the main focus around perioperative fluid therapy in the Pediatric population. This lecture was delivered to my colleagues in the department of Anesthesia, and it was invigilated by consultant Anesthetist, Dr. Anatolly Kravchenko at the Intermediate Hospital Katutura.
I presented the use of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Psychiatry as part of an academic presentation during my Psychiatry rotation on 22/03/2024 to an audience that consisted of my fellow medical interns, medical students, medical officers, and Psychiatric consultants.
This is a slide show presentation I prepared for the Technical Support staff at Topcon Medical Systems to introduce and familiarize the art of refraction.
glaucoma and cataract.pdf, After the class the students will be able :
Explain the structures and function of eye.
Explain the age affect on vision.
Describe the definition , etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, medical management, surgical management and Nursing management of Glaucoma.
Describe the definition , etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, medical management, surgical management and Nursing management of cataract.
List down the health education for Glaucoma and cataract.
Aniseikonia [ophthalmology description for medical students ]Madhuri Kureti
concise description of aniseikonia which is a condition wherein the images projected to the visual cortex from the two retinae are abnormally unequal in size and /or shape
A presentation I gave on Pediatric Fluid Therapy, with the main focus around perioperative fluid therapy in the Pediatric population. This lecture was delivered to my colleagues in the department of Anesthesia, and it was invigilated by consultant Anesthetist, Dr. Anatolly Kravchenko at the Intermediate Hospital Katutura.
I presented the use of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Psychiatry as part of an academic presentation during my Psychiatry rotation on 22/03/2024 to an audience that consisted of my fellow medical interns, medical students, medical officers, and Psychiatric consultants.
This lecture was presented to nursing students undertaking their bridging course at Nursing Training Institute of Technology (NTIT), Eenhana, Campus, Ohangwena Region, Namibia.
It discusses the transport system in humans, touching on topics like the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic system, and immunity in Biology. The resources used were the Namibian Namcol new curriculum for grade 10-11 ordinary level biology text book.
It was presented by myself, Dr. Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi
MBChB, Bsc HB.
This is a lecture on Intravenous Induction Agents. It explores the different classes of induction agents, ranging from barbiturates to non-barbiturate agents. It also discusses the various indications and contraindications of such agents, the doses and different antidotes, and the expected adverse effects.
This lecture was presented to undergraduate medical students at University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, Zambia, department of Anaesthesia by Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi (6th year medical student) at Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
Moderated by Dr. Chanda
This is a lecture on Lymphoma, exploring the different types and subtypes of Lymphomas. It also discusses the epidemiology, stages, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at University Teaching Hospital (UTH), department of Cancer Disease Hospital by Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi (6th year medical student) at Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
This is a lecture exploring the various options of induction and augmentation of labour, discussing the indications, contraindications and pre-requisites for induction and augmentation of labour. Diving deeper into the the types such as non-pharmacological, pharmacological and other methods used.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at Livingstone Central Teaching Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia by Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi (final year medical student) at Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
A lecture on endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, exploring the etiology, clinical features, types, investigations, management and treatment options and prognosis.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at Livingstone Central Teaching Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia, department of Obstetrics and Gynecology by Nghitukuhamba T.E Kalipi (final year student) Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
1. Name: Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi
6TH year MBChB
Cavendish University zambia: School of medicine
Moderator: Dr kunda
2. BRIEF ANATOMY The retina (nervous layer) is made up of 10 layers
(histologically) which includes the photoreceptors
RODS & CONES.
LAYERS OF RETINA
1. Pigment Epithelium
2. Layer of rods and cones
(Photoreceptors)
3. External limiting membrane
4. Outer nuclear layer
5. Outer plexiform layer
6. Inner nuclear layer
7. Inner plexiform layer
8. Ganglion cell layer
9. Layer of optic nerve fibres
10. Internal limiting membrane
3. DEFINITION
This is a physiological condition where the refracting system
of the eyes fails to focus objects sharply on the retina.It is
usually corrected with glasses.A useful rapid test to
distinguishbetween refractive error and disease of the eye
is the use of a pin-hole.
In a normal human eye light rays are focused on retina.
If not focused on retina this is called refractive errors. Due to an abnormality in the
shape of the cornea or lens.
Normal eye is called emmetrophic eye. Light rays focused on retina.
Abnormal focusing is called ametrophiceye.
4.
5.
6. AMETROPIA
What leads to ametropia?
1. Abnormality in curvature of cornea
2.Abnormality in curvature of lens
3.Abnormal Refractive Indices
4.Abnormal length of eye ball
7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF AMETROPIA
1. Myopia
2. Hypermetropia
3. Presbyopia
4. Astigmatism
5. Anisometropia
6. Aphakia
8. MYOPIA
Light rays focused in front of retina.
Due to long eye ball or increased curvature of cornea or lens.
Corrected by Biconcave lens.(-D)
Signs and symptoms
9. HYPERMETROPIA
Light rays focused behind retina.
Due to short eye ball or decreased curvature of cornea or lens.
Corrected by Biconvex lens.(+D)
Signs and symptoms
10. PRESBYOPIA
Lens elasticity lost in elderly people due to denaturation of lens protein.
Power of accommodation lost.
So near vision not possible.
Called hypermetropia of old age.
Corrected by Bifocal lens.
11. ASTIGMATISM
Due to faultycurvature of cornea or lens light rays are not focused at one point.
Types
1) Regular:Greatest & least Curvatures right angle to each other.
2) Irregular:Greatest & least Curvatures not right angle to each other.
12.
13. ANISOMETRIA
Difference in the refractive power between the two eyes
One eye becomes dominant
Image of other eye being suppressed.
Each eye should be corrected separately
14. APHAKIA
This condition is described by absence of lens
May be unilateral or bilateral
Corrected by Spectacles with R.P of +11D
If IOL used power should be +19.5D
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20. REFERENCES
A K Khurana (2007).Comprehensive Opthalmology. 4th Edition.
Thank you for your time 😊
