6.3 Encapsulate Classes with Factory - Refactoring to Patterns
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This document discusses the Factory design pattern for encapsulating classes. It defines the Factory pattern as an interface for creating objects but letting subclasses decide which class to instantiate. The document recommends applying the Factory pattern when classes share a public interface, superclass, and package by making constructors non-public and using a factory to create instances. Benefits include clearer creation through factory functions, hiding unneeded classes, and enforcing programming to interfaces over implementations. Variations and an example are provided.
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Patterns (contd)Software Development ProcessDesign patte.docx
Patterns (contd)
Software Development Process
Design patterns used to handle change
More time extending and changing code than developing it.
The Strategy design pattern handle change by selecting from a family of external algorithms rather than rewrite.
Design point: Make code closed for modification of code, but open for extension
Problem
Computer object created
Description Method returns
Getting a Computer
Problem
Program has to change every time
Customer changes options
Decorator Pattern
Wrapper code used to extend your core code
Extend a class dynamically at runtime
Decorator uses wrapper code to extend core functionality - decorating the code
Decorator Pattern
description() returns “You are getting a computer”
Wrapper description() returns
“You are getting a computer and a disk”
Wrapper description() returns
“You are getting a computer and a disk and a monitor”
Decorator Pattern
Core component: Computer
Variables holding computer objects should also be able to hold objects that wrap computer objects.
Extend the wrapper classes from the Computer class.
Abstract class cannot be instantiated
Ensures all wrappers are consistent
Developers have to provide their own description
Decorator Pattern
Method calls the core computer object’s
description method and adds “and a disk”
Decorator Pattern
Method calls the core computer object’s
description method and adds “and a disk”
Extend the core object by wrapping it in decorator wrappers. Avoids modification of the core code.
Each successive wrapper called the description method of the object it wrapped and added something to it.
Factory Pattern
Based on type, call the
Connection method
Factory Pattern
Create a method that returns the
correct connection type
Factory Pattern
New operator used to create OracleConnection objects.
New operator used to create SqlServerConnection objects, and MySqlConnection objects.
New operator to instantiate many different concrete classes
Code becomes larger and needs to be replicated in many places
Factor that code out into a method.
Code keeps changing
Encapsulate code into a factory object
Goal: Separate out the changeable code and leave the core code closed for modification
Building the Factory
Creating the Factory
FirstFactory class encapsulates the connection object creation
Pass to it the type of connection (“Oracle”, “SQL Server”,)
Use the factory object to create connection objects with a factory method named createConnection
Building the Factory
Create the FirstFactory class.
Save the type of the database, passed to the FirstFactory class’s constructor.
Object-creation code changes
Check which type of object to be created
(OracleConnection, SqlServerConnection,
and then create it.
Factory Class
Create the Abstract Connection Class
Core code should not be modified or has to be modified
as little as possible.
Using the connection object returned by the
new factory object
Use t.
Prototype presentation
The Prototype design pattern allows the creation of new objects by copying existing objects, known as prototypes. This pattern avoids subclasses to create new types of objects, instead objects are created as copies of prototypes. The prototype encapsulates the details of its own cloning process to hide how copies are created. Clients only interact with the prototype interface to create copies without knowing the concrete classes.
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6.2 Move Creation Knowledge to Factory - Refactoring to Patterns
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Common ASP.NET Design Patterns - Telerik India DevCon 2013
Common ASP.NET Design Patterns - Telerik India DevCon 2013
Mastering Design Patterns in Java: A Comprehensive Guide
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Patterns (contd)Software Development ProcessDesign patte.docx
Patterns (contd)Software Development ProcessDesign patte.docx
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- 1. 6.3. Encapsulate Classes with Factory 6. Creation(6.3) YAO, LI-WEI 2014/08/21 Qlync Inc., RD Reading
- 3. Factory Pattern [DP] •定義可資⽣生成物件的介⾯面，但讓⼦子類別去決定該具現出 哪⼀一種類別的物件。︒ •此模式讓類別將具現化程序交付給⼦子類別去處置。︒ •別名：虛擬建構式
- 4. Motivation Program to the interface not implementation 針對介⾯面寫程式 Reduce conceptual weight 簡化理解 Clear creation methods by Factory 簡化使⽤用
- 5. Pros and Cons （+）透過『⽬目的清晰』的函式產⽣生各種(kinds)實體，藉此簡化創建過程(creation) （+）隱藏不需公開的classes，並以此減輕package的概念重量(conceptual weight) （+）有助於強制施⾏行『針對介⾯面編程⽽而非針對實作編程』(program to interface, not an implementation) （−）如果必須創建新種類(new kinds)實體，就得創造出新的Creation Methods或 更新舊有的Creation Methods （−）當客⼾戶端只能取⽤用Factory的⼆二進制碼(binary code)⽽而不是源碼(source code) 時，客製化(customization)能⼒力會受到限制
- 7. Mechanics 步驟： 1.Identify creation code and Extract Creation Method as public static, Move Creation Method to superclass 2.Replace all creation code with Creation Method 3.Repeat 1~2, handle other kinds of creation code/methods 4.Non-public constructor 5.Handle other classes
- 8. Example in book…… with Tools Eclipse Refactor/JUnit/ObjectAid https://bitbucket.org/Vicall_Yao/refactoringtopatterns-6-3_encapsulateclasseswithfactory_before.git