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Refactoring
Amir Barylko
(About me & how to find me)
Software Quality
Expert
Agile Coach
Architect
Developer
Cook
amir@barylko.com
@abarylko
http://bit.ly/abarylkop
Disappointment
Management
Your expectations
here...
There’s always lunch!
What is Refactoring?
Refactoring is a disciplined
technique for restructuring
an existing body of code,
altering its internal
structure without changing
its external behavior.
Martin Fowler
Refactoring, improving design of existing code
What happened?
Sharepoint?
Lack of time?
Lack of skill?
Poor management?
Text
Why Refactor?
Any fool can write code that
a computer can understand.
Good programmers write code
that humans can understand
Martin Fowler
Remove duplication
Remove duplication
Remove duplication
Make code
maintainable
Make code readable
(by humans)
Spaghetti Code
Technical Debt
Improve Design
Reduce BLOC
(beers x LOC)
When to Refactor?
Fixing bugs
Adding features
Code Review
Manager on Vacation?
100% sure the new
code is better
Cost Not to Refactor
greater than
Cost to Refactor
Cost = Doing the change
+ Testing it
+ Documentation
Risk of
Introducing bugs
Only refactor if you
are confident

(it works as before, no side effects)
Unit Tests
One class
One method
No dependencies
(mocks)
Hard to do
with Legacy Code
Core of TDD
Integration Tests
More than
one class
Communication
between
components
Acceptance tests
Black box testing
End to end
Given input
When doing YYY
Expect output
Works with
Legacy Code
Works with
New Code
Works with
-40!!!
Core of BDD
How to Refactor?
Code should be clear
Like telling a story
Refactoring
algorithm
Te
xt

M
et
ho

d?
Second
Write a test for it
Third
Make it better
Fourth
Run the tests
Repeat until
out of coffee
Nesting Conditionals
C#

public double SomeMethod()
{
var result = 0d;
if (_firstGuard)
{
result = FirstCalculation();
if (_secondGuard)
{
result = SecondCalculation();
}
}
return result;
}
C#

RE
public double BetterMethod()
{
if (!_firstGuard)
{
return 0;
}
if (!_secondGuard)
{
return FirstCalculation();
}
return SecondCalculation();
}

FAC
T

OR

ED
Ruby

class NestedCalculation
def awesome_method
first_calculation
||
second_calculation ||
default_calculation
end
def first_calculation
@first_guard && some_calc_here
end
def second_calculation
# etc...
end
end

RE

FAC
T

OR

ED
C#

public double SomeMethod()
{
var result = 0d;
if (_guard1)
{
if (_guard2)
{
if (_guard3)
{
result = Calc1() + Calc2();
}
}
}
return result;
}
C#

public double BetterMethod()
{
if (_guard1 && _guard2 && _guard3)
{
return Calc1() + Calc2();
}
return 0;
}

RE

FAC
T

OR

ED
C#

public bool SomeMethod()
{
var result = false;
if (_firstGuard)
{
if (_secondGuard)
result = true;
}
else
result = true;
return result;
}
C#

RE

public bool BetterMethod()
{
return !_firstGuard || _secondGuard;
}

FAC
T

OR

ED
Functional
Inspiration
DRY
Stop writing
custom loops
Meaning rulez
Java

public Iterable<String> deploy(
Iterable<String> collection) {
Collection<String> result = new ArrayList<>...;
Iterator<String> cursor = collection.iterator();
while(cursor.hasNext()) {
result.add("Deployed to " + cursor.next());
}
return result;
}
Java

public Iterable<String> betterDeploy(
Iterable<String> environments) {

RE

FAC
T

return with(environments)
.convert(new DeployConverter());
}
class DeployConverter
implements Converter<String, String> {
public String convert(String env) {
return "Deployed to " + env;
}
}

OR

ED
Java

public class Movie {
private String title;
private int review;
public Movie(String title, int review) {
this.title = title;
this.review = review;
}
public String getTitle() {...}
public int getReview() {...}
}
Java

@Test
public void whereAreMyPostIt() {
// arrange
Iterable<Movie> movies = asList(
new Movie("Blazing Saddles", 5), new Movie("Terminator"),
new Movie("Canadian Bacon", 8)
);
// act
Iterable<Movie> reviewed =
filter(having(on(Movie.class).getReview(), greaterThan(-1))
, movies);
// assert
assertThat(joinFrom(reviewed).getTitle(),
equalTo("Blazing Saddles, Canadian Bacon"));
}
Java

@Test
public void wheresMyGanttChart() {
// arrange
Iterable<Movie> movies = asList(new Movie("Blazing Saddles"),
new Movie("Terminator"), new Movie("Curator"));
// act
Matcher<Movie> endsWithAtor = new Predicate<Movie>() {
public boolean apply(Movie item) {
return item.getTitle().endsWith("ator");
}
};
Iterable<Movie> actual = filter(endsWithAtor, movies);
// assert
assertThat(joinFrom(actual).getTitle(),
equalTo("Terminator, Curator"));
}
C#

public int Mysterious(IEnumerable<int> collection)
{
return collection.Aggregate((a, b) => a + b);
}
Coffee

[1..1000].reduce (t, s) -> t + s
What about
MONADS?
Just kidding :)
Don’t forget OOP
Abstraction is
KEY
Coffee

class BudgetViewModel
constructor: (json) ->
@budgets
= [2013, 2012, 2011]
@budgetIndex = 0
salary: ->
return 5000 if @budgetIndex == 0
return 2000 if @budgetIndex == 1
1000
Coffee

RE
class BudgetViewModel
constructor: ->
@budgets = [
new BudgetModel(2013, 5000),
new BudgetModel(2012, 2000),
new BudgetModel(2011, 1000)
]
@budget = @budgets[0]
salary: => @budget.salary

FAC
T

OR

ED
Coffee
KO

class BudgetViewModel

RE

FAC
T

OR

constructor: ->
@budgets = ko.observableArray [
new BudgetModel(2013, 5000),
new BudgetModel(2012, 2000),
new BudgetModel(2011, 1000)
]
@budget = ko.observable()
@salary = ko.computed => @budget().salary

ED
Language is your friend
(or it should be)
The right tool
for the job
Coffee

class window.NewsViewModel
constructor: (@limit = -1) ->
@news = ko.observableArray()
@title = ko.observable()
$.getJSON '../api/news', @loadNews
loadNews: (data) =>
max = (if @limit == -1 then -1 else @limit - 1)
@news(@createNewsItem(e) for e in data[0..max])
@title @news()[0]?.Title
createNewsItem: (e) =>
newsItem =
Title: e.Title
Date: @parseDate(e.Date)
Body: e.Body
JS
(function() {
var __bind = function(fn, me){ return function(){ return fn.apply(me, arguments); }; };
window.NewsViewModel = (function() {
function NewsViewModel(limit) {
this.limit = limit != null ? limit : -1;
this.createNewsItem = __bind(this.createNewsItem, this);
this.loadNews = __bind(this.loadNews, this);
this.news = ko.observableArray();
this.title = ko.observable();
$.getJSON('../api/news', this.loadNews);
}
NewsViewModel.prototype.loadNews = function(data) {
var e, max, _ref;
max = (this.limit === -1 ? -1 : this.limit - 1);
this.news((function() {
var _i, _len, _ref, _results;
_ref = data.slice(0, max + 1 || 9e9);
_results = [];
for (_i = 0, _len = _ref.length; _i < _len; _i++) {
e = _ref[_i];
_results.push(this.createNewsItem(e));
}
return _results;
}).call(this));
return this.title((_ref = this.news()[0]) != null ? _ref.Title : void 0);
};
NewsViewModel.prototype.createNewsItem = function(e) {
var newsItem;
return newsItem = {
Title: e.Title,
Date: this.parseDate(e.Date),
Body: e.Body
};
};
return NewsViewModel;
})();
}).call(this);
JVM supports
multiple languages
same for
.net framework
Testing is a great
place to start
Thank you!
amir@barylko.com
@abarylko
http://bit.ly/abarylkop
Books
Books
Photo Credit
•

Under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/

•
•

Bill Ward, Derek Schin's Trucks 1, http://flic.kr/p/m5L5S

•

Jeremy Keith, Roast beef, http://flic.kr/p/TKUz

•

Rob Campbell, Field of daisies, http://flic.kr/p/6QJjU4

•

•

Joe Cheng, DSC_7820-01, http://flic.kr/p/2Zt2u

Karin Dalziel, The Thinker, http://flic.kr/p/4UYArc

Under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/

•

Derick Bailey, SOLID Motivational Posters, http://bit.ly/17aVaHg
Photo Credit 2
•
•

How to write good code, http://xkcd.com/844/
Understanding flow charts, http://lifehacker.com/5909501/how-tochoose-the-best-chart-for-your-data
Resources
•
•

http://www.infoq.com/news/2010/06/decision-to-refactor

•
•
•

Refactoring Catalog: http://www.refactoring.com/catalog/

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/38635/what-static-analysis-toolsare-available-for-c

LambdaJ: https://code.google.com/p/lambda
Coffeescript: http://coffeescript.org/

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