The document provides an overview of a ReDSS induction session on durable solutions. It defines key terms related to displacement and durable solutions. It discusses the legal and policy frameworks around durable solutions at the global, regional, and country levels. It also introduces the IASC/ReDSS framework for durable solutions and examples of its use. The objectives of the session are to define durable solutions and related concepts, understand relevant frameworks, and explain what durable solutions means for the Horn of Africa region.

1. ReDSS durable solutions induction session
Focus on the ‘WHAT’
25th March 2021

2. Overview of content
Key definitions, concepts and principles
Legal foundations and use of the IASC/ReDSS framework
Introduction and agenda setting
What does durable solutions mean in the Horn of Africa?
Summary and next steps

3. Introduction and agenda setting - 15 mins

4. Welcome and introductions
❑ Welcome!
❑ Introduce your name, organization
and role in the chat
❑ Mention your key expectation in the
chat

5. Ground rules suggestions
❑ Respect
❑ Active listening
❑ Active participation
❑ Challenge the idea, not the person
❑ Questions and reflections are welcome at
the end of each session– use ‘raise hand’
and chat function

6. Objectives of the induction session
By the end of this session, you should be able to:
❑ Clearly define durable solutions, its features and key principles
❑ Understand the legal and normative frameworks and key policy processes on durable
solutions globally and in the region
❑ Explain the IASC/ReDSS framework and its use in durable solutions processes
❑ Explain what durable solutions means in the Horn of Africa region and the centrality of
protection, and linkages with self-reliance and resilience

7. Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS)
Goal: To improve programming and
policy in support of durable solutions
processes so that displacement-affected
communities live in safety and dignity in
East and Horn of Africa
Consortium of 14 organisations hosted by
DRC and steering committee NRC, IRC,
DRC
Coordination and information hub – not
an implementing agency
Research and
analysis
Policy
Dialogue
Capacity
Development
Coordination

8. ReDSS ways of working and values
Ensure our work is generated and grounded in a collaborative and collective
process involving all relevant members and external actors
Collaborative
Embed adaptive working approaches where durable solutions strategies and
activities are designed assuming change is inevitable
Adaptive
Promote the use of iterative decision-making to adapt durable solutions
approaches continuously
Iterative
Enable a context-specific and problem-oriented approach to strategies and
activities for improved programming and policies for durable solutions
Locally-led

9. ReDSS 2021-2023 strategy
4
3
2
1
Research and Analysis
To support a collective
research agenda and
increase use of research
and analysis to inform
durable solutions policy and
programming
Capacity Development
To strengthen capacity,
collective monitoring and
learning on durable
solutions and leverage
members’ expertise
Policy Dialogue
To facilitate and undertake
constructive and influential
policy dialogue at local,
national and regional levels
Coordination
To bring members and
partners together to learn
and coordinate on research,
policy and practice on
durable solutions

11. Pre - test: 3 min

12. Durable solutions key definitions, concepts and principles:
Defining displacement affected communities and the key concepts of area-based
approaches and sustainable (re)integration – 30 minutes

13. Who are displacement affected communities?
Refugee?
IDP?
Returnee?
Host
community?

14. Definition of key terms
Refugee
Every person who owing to
well founded fear of
persecution for reason of
race, religion, nationality,
membership of a particular
social group or political
opinion is outside his
country of nationality and is
unable or owing to such
fear unwilling or unable to
avail themselves of the
protection of that country
(1951 Convention)
IDP
An individual who has been
forced or obliged to flee
from their home or place of
habitual residence, “...in
particular as a result of or in
order to avoid the effects of
armed conflicts, situations
of generalized violence,
violations of human rights
or natural or human-made
disasters, and who have not
crossed an internationally
recognized State border”
(GPID).
Returnee
A person who was of
concern to UNHCR when
outside his/her country of
origin and who remains so,
for a limited period (usually
two years), after returning
to the country of origin .
The term also applies to
internally displaced persons
who return to their previous
place of residence. (UNHCR)
Host
The local, regional and
national governmental,
social and economic
structures within which
refugees live (UNHCR). In
this session the host
population is defined as
non-displaced persons living
in the same municipality as
IDPs, returnees and/or
refugees (ReDSS)

15. Displacement affected communities entails all displaced populations and host communities
– displaced people do not live in a vacuum
❑ Displaced are often hosted in underserved and marginalized areas where absorptions
capacity can be limited
❑ Accountability to displaced populations must at the centre of our action - inclusive of
refugees, returnees, IDPs and host communities
Area based approach entails an approach that defines the area, rather than a sector or
target group, as the main entry point.
❑ All stakeholders, services and needs are mapped and assessed, and relevant actors
mobilized and coordinated with.
❑ Take into account positive and negative impact of displacement on the economy,
environment, social cohesion and access to services of host community
Adopting an area-based approach for DAC

16. What do you think durable solutions is about?
Please share key words that come to your mind
Go to www.menti.com and
use the code 4444 1466

17. Defining durable solutions
Sustainable (re)integration and the principles of voluntariness, safety and dignity

18. A durable solution is achieved when
displaced people :
❑ no longer have specific assistance
and protection needs linked to their
displacement
❑ can exercise their rights without
discrimination resulting from their
displacement
Defining durable solutions: when are they achieved?

19. Return / voluntary repatriation
Local integration
Relocation / Resettlement
INTEGRATIO
N
3 durable solution processes to support (re)integration

20. 3 principles at the centre of solutions processes

21. Forced displacement in East and Horn of Africa
❑Multiple and new waves of displacement hence
different displacement situations, different phases, different
needs at the same time
❑Forced displacement challenges are not only humanitarian
or developmental
❑ They are often first and foremost related to ensuring the
rights and protections of displaced people, and solutions
therefore must also be negotiated at the political level
❑ Attempt to support more social and economic inclusion and
impact of COVID 19
❑ Increased displacement in urban centers – especially for
IDPs
❑Return is not a solution, (re)integration is
- 4,832,547 refugees and asylum seekers in East
Africa and Great Lakes as of Feb 2021
- 67% of the refugees ar in Africa and 20% of the
global refugee population.
- By the end of 2020, Uganda and Sudan had the
highest caseloads of refugees and asylum-
seekers in the sub-region (UNHCR data 2021)
- 6.3m IDPs and 2.9m IDP returnees (DTM,
2020)
- Ethiopia: 1.9m (IOM DTM Dec. 2020, not
inclusive of recent displacements in Tigray)
- Somalia: 2.9m (FGS, Feb 2021)
- South Sudan:1.62m (OCHA, Feb 2021)

22. Multi-causality – regional dynamics and trends
❑ Multi-causality of displacement and multidimension of solutions-
need to use political economy analysis for context understanding/
planning
❑ Political blockages often limit prospects for preventing and
resolving displacement crises
❑ “Citizen first” approach increasingly being adopted, 2021 ‘hotspot’
moments around elections
❑ Marginalization, inclusion and protection
❑ Regional and cross border dimension
❑ Measuring progress towards solutions
Drought, food
insecurity, climate
change,
environment
degradation
Disasters
Conflicts,
generalized
violence, human
rights violations
Unemployment
lack of access to
or misuse of land
and resources
Weak governance

23. ❑ Reflection and feedback - any points for clarification?
❑ What are your key take away from this session?
Discussion (10min)

24. Legal and normative foundations and use of IASC framework:
Global, regional and country levels laws/policies and an introduction to the
ReDSS/IASC framework – 25 mins

25. Rights based approach to durable solutions

26. Legal frameworks
Global
❑ 1951 UN Convention
Relation to the Status
of Refugee and its 1967
Protocols
Regional
❑ 1969 OAU Convention
Governing the Specific
Aspects of Refugee
Problems in Africa
❑ 2012 African Union
Convention for the
Protection and Assistance
of Internally Displaced
Persons in Africa
(Kampala Convention)
❑ 2006 Great Lakes Pact
protocol on Assistance to
IDPs
Country
❑ Ethiopia Refugee
Proclamation of 2019;
Domestication of
Kampala convention
❑ Kenya Refugee Act of
2006; Kenya IDPs Act
2012
❑ Somalia IDP Act (draft)

27. Policy frameworks on durable solutions for refugees and IDPs
Global
❑ Global Compact
for Refugees
2019
❑ Un Sec. General
High-Level
Panel on IDPs
2019
❑ Guiding
Principles on
internal
displacement
1998
Regional
❑ IGAD National
Declaration on
Somali Refugees
2018
❑ IGAD regional
support platform
❑ Kampala
Agreement – Self-
reliance and
livelihoods 2019
❑ Djibouti
Declaration –
Inclusive education
2018
Country
❑ Ethiopia National
Comprehensive Refugee
Response Strategy
(NCRRS); IDPs durable
solutions initiative
❑ Somalia National Durable
Solutions Strategy (NDSS);
National Guidelines on
Forced Eviction
❑ Kenya comprehensive
refugee response
framework/ plan of action,
2020
Local
Kenya
❑ GISEDP (draft)
❑ KISEDP (2018)
❑ Education policy (draft)
Ethiopia
❑ Inclusion in local planning
and social safety nets
Somalia
❑ BRA IDP and refugee
returnee policy
❑ SWS strategy on IDPs
❑ Kismayo IDPs comprehensive
settlement strategy; JRA
shelter policy

28. Assessing legal and policy
environment
Enabling
legal & policy
environment
Provision of
services
Right to work
Freedom of
movement
Property Rights

29. An introduction to the ReDSS/IASC framework
and examples of its use

30. Criteria Sub criteria (IASC) OUTCOMES
Indicators
1. SAFETY & SECURITY/ PROTECTION/ SOCIAL COHESION 6 Indicators
SDGs 10&16
2. ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES 7 indicators
SDGs 2,3&4
3. ACCESS TO JOB CREATION/ ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITIES
4 indicators
SDGs 1&8
4. RESTORATION OF HOUSING, LAND & PROPERTY 3 Indicators
SDG 11
5. ACCESS TO DOCUMENTATION 3 Indicators
6. FAMILY REUNIFICATION 3 Indicators
SDG 3
7. PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2 Indicators
SDG 16
8. ACCESS TO EFFECTIVE REMEDIES AND JUSTICE 2 Indicators
SDG 16
REDSS FRAMEWORK: COMMON DURABLE SOLUTIONS OUTCOMES
Measure contribution not attribution towards collective outcomes

31. Making data useful- right balance?
Consensus Accuracy
A collaborative process through a consensus building approach
to inform joint analysis

33. Adaptation of the framework to inform IDPs programming
EU REINTEG Durable solutions consortia
(2017-2020)
❑ Partners: 3 NGO led consortia supported by ReDSS
❑ EIDACS; JSC; SDSC/ Donor: European Union – multi
year multi sectors
❑ Objective: Support sustainable re-integration of
refugee returnees and IDPs in Somalia
❑ Overall indicator: % of displaced that feel
integrated in the places where they live and do not
face discrimination as per their displacement
status
❑ Measuring tool: Outcome monitoring framework
with 10 outcome indicators on 5 IASC criteria
across 3 safeties
Danwadaag Programme in Somalia
(2018-2022)
❑ Partners: IOM , NRC, Concern, ReDSS , GREDO,
Juba Foundation, SHADCO/ Donor: DFID – multi
year multi sectors
❑ Objective: Enhancing durable solutions towards
reduced displacement and (re)integration of DACs
❑ Overall indicator: % of displacement affected
communities target population who are
(re)integrated in the places where they live
❑ Measuring tool: Local integration assessment
(LORA) measuring 8 IASC criteria as well as trust,
social cohesion, and specific local integration
questions

34. Use of the IASC indicators to inform micro data analysis
and inclusion in Somalia National Development Plan
World Bank micro data analysis for Somalia
(displacement indicators in poverty assessments)
❑ Socio- economic micro-data analysis based on
IASC framework to create a holistic profile of
IDPs that links the causes of their
displacement with their current needs,
assets, and aspirations
❑ Micro-data is individual and household-level
data that includes host communities and
displaced for comparison.
Inclusion of displacement indicators in the Somalia
National Development Plan (NDP)
❑ Inclusion of IASC criteria/ indicators into NDP 9
❑ Specific IASC/ SDGS related indicators on
return and (re)integration, job creation, HLP
and early solutions
❑ Developing Durable Solutions Strategy
Performance Matrix that incorporates the IASC
Framework to measure the achievement of
durable solutions

35. Discussion (10 minutes)
❑ Reflection and feedback - any points for clarification?
❑ What are your key take away from this session?

36. What durable solutions means in the Horn of Africa
region – 40 mins
Key actors to engage and case study examples on the centrality of
protection, and linkages with self-reliance and resilience

37. Key policy processes and actors to engage with

38. Priority policy processes and key stakeholders
Use of ReDSS evidence,
learning and analyses
World Bank IDA
18/19 Process
National and sub-national
government policies (national and
county/regional development plans)
IGAD Regional
Support Platform
RCO/ UNHCR/ IOM
Humanitarian and development
donors policies and funding
Post GRF
Regional and country
levels coordination

39. Durable solutions and the centrality of protection
Protection at the core of IASC indicators

40. DS
MAINSTREAMING
STAND ALONE
PROTECTION
INTEGRATED DS &
PROTECTION
DURABLE SOLUTIONS
PRINCIPLES
PHYSICAL SAFETY
MATERIAL SAFETY
LEGAL SAFETY
Safety, dignity, voluntariness
Access to specialized protection services (CP, GBV)
Peacebuilding, community-based conflict management
Reconiliation, transitional justice
Access to justice
HLP rights protection
Social protection and social safety nets
Post-return monitoring
Rule of Law, Security Institutions and Governance
Integrated access to services
Adapted
IASC
solutions
framework
Examples
of
programme
focus
Solutions
and
protection
Protection and durable solutions in programming

41. Protection and durable solutions on the ground
Context: In May 2020 IDPs in various regions of Ethiopia were returned to their areas of origin by the GoE. Presented
as both emergency decongestion measures aimed at reducing COVID-19 risks and as a durable solution to
displacement. IDPs were transported in buses, many families stayed in collective sites as their properties had been
destroyed. No large-scale reconciliation process was conducted, most of the property and infrastructure is still
destroyed. The ENDF was deployed to ensure safety in the areas. Assessments issued by OCHA refer to IDPs stating
they have returned voluntarily.
Key protection risks
• High risk of renewed inter-community conflicts due
to unresolved grievances and access to resources
• Voluntariness in what extent returnees were
informed about the process and what to expect
upon return
• Lack of systematic post-return monitoring
• Impact on safety due to exposure to COVID-19
• Secondary protection concerns due to lack of
material safety upon return (housing, livelihoods,
services)
• Secondary displacement
Lesson learning
• Distinguish between emergency measures
and durable solutions
• Support better use of conflict and political
economy analyses to inform engagement and
targeting, joint guides/PRM tools etc
• Joint positions can reduce unprincipled actions
• Progress on solutions agenda is critical to prevent
unprincipled actions
• Critical to bring humanitarian and development
actors together to have a common agenda

42. Linkages between durable solution and
resilience processes

43. Criteria Sub criteria (IASC) OUTCOMES
Indicators
1. SAFETY & SECURITY/ PROTECTION/ SOCIAL COHESION 6 Indicators
2. ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES 7 indicators
3. ACCESS TO JOB CREATION/ ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITIES
4 indicators
4. RESTORATION OF HOUSING, LAND & PROPERTY 3 Indicators
5. ACCESS TO DOCUMENTATION 3 Indicators
6. FAMILY REUNIFICATION 3 Indicators
7. PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2 Indicators
ReDSS/IASC FRAMEWORK: COMMON DURABLE SOLUTIONS OUTCOMES
Measure contribution not attribution towards collective outcomes

44. Durable solution and resilience
resilience + protection
(safety/ dignity/ voluntariness/ rights)
durable solutions processes
sustainable (re)integration

45. Durable solutions and self-reliance: what do we
mean and how to measure it?

46. Durable solutions and self-reliance
❑ Critical to go beyond supporting economic activities to effectively integrate
host community relations and social integration as a core part of self-reliance
strategies
❑ Not only focus on the productive capacities of displaced persons, but also
addressing the political and legal barriers they face
❑ Fostering localized approaches to ensure local relevance and sustainability –
local markets understanding and dynamics and PEA
❑ Measuring self-reliance – Self-reliance index: scored survey tool with key
components: Housing, Food, Education, Healthcare, Health Status, Safety,
Employment, Financial Resources, Assistance, Debt, Savings, Social Capital
❑ Importance to adapt the index to specific program objectives and include
different dimensions (e.g. forced eviction in Somalia, etc)

47. Discussion (20mins)
❑ Reflection and feedback - any points for clarification?
❑ What are your key takeaway from this session?

48. Summary and key takeaway (5 min)

49. So what does durable solutions mean in the region?
Durable solution is about sustainable (re)integration based on safety/ dignity/ voluntariness
❑ Better understanding of displacement vulnerabilities and marginalisation for targeting and
protection
❑ Strengthening self-reliance and resilience through integrated programing for both displaced and
host communities - away from care and maintenance to support better inclusion
❑ Enhancing protection, the rule of law and HLP by improving and implementing policies and legal
framework for IDPs, refugees and returnees
❑ Fostering localized approaches to ensure local relevance and social cohesion
❑ Working on absorption capacity in areas receiving refugees, returnees and IDPs
❑ Investing in preparedness and early solutions to prevent displacement when still possible and
to enhance early response capacity
❑ Investing in collective outcomes and joint accountability between multiple actors – all playing a
different role

50. Where to focus?
1. Invest in area-based and locally led processes: Invest and support nationally owned and locally led
coordination and area based planning processes bringing together humanitarian, development, peace
building and private sector actors, linking durable solutions programming to district and municipal
development plans based on agreed upon standards and approaches
2. Operationalize the humanitarian-development-peace and state building nexus to support DS
processes: from policy to practice
3. Measuring and targeting: support consensus between practitioners and authorities on what to
measure and how: - theories of change measuring realistic pathways towards inclusion and integration -
informing more efficient targeting and sequencing of investments
4. Displacement financing: rethink the displacement financing architecture to support nationally owned
and locally led durable solutions processes and the inclusion of displacement related vulnerabilities into
national development and poverty reduction programing – to leave no one behind/ SDGs

51. How to engage with ReDSS, evaluation and post-test
(10 min)

52. Post- test and evaluation: 5 min

53. 2021 Regional and country level focus
Regional
- Local
(re)integration and
area based
planning
- Self reliance and
graduation
- Protection and
politicisation of
population
movement
Somalia
- Measuring local
(re)integration
processes and
collective outcomes
- Self reliance,
graduation and
safety nets
- Protection, rights
and inclusion
Ethiopia
- Integrated
response
- Self-reliance and
right to work
- Protection
oriented and
principled
responses to
displacement
Kenya
- Integrated access
to services/
education
- Self reliance,
graduation and
safety nets
- Protection, rights
and inclusion
2021 overall theme: social and economic inclusion for displacement affected communities
Cross cutting issues:
Displacement financing/ Climate change/ early solutions and preparedness/ regional and cross border dimension - IGAD

54. Upcoming ReDSS trainings and learning events
❑Durable solutions induction and mainstreaming sessions
▪ Durable solutions induction sessions – Focus on ‘what’ (key definitions, concepts and principles)
▪ Durable solutions mainstreaming workshops –Focus on ‘how’ (mainstreaming solutions lens in non-solutions oriented
programming with case studies and tools)
Upcoming sessions
▪ Regional level: Solutions mainstreaming workshop on 8th April
▪ Country level: Ethiopia induction session 1st April. Somalia induction session 13th May/ mainstreaming workshop 27th
May.
❑ Durable solutions trainings
▪ Durable solutions technical and policy makers trainings: Country level trainings in Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia
▪ Area based approaches training: Pilot in Jigjiga and roll out in 2021 in Somali regional state
▪ Somalia authorities Training of Trainers (ToT) : to be piloted 19-22 April
❑ Learning events (Regional and country peer to peer programme learning, thematic webinars etc.)
▪ Displacement financing – May, regional
▪ Self-reliance, graduation and financial inclusion– September, regional
▪ Quarterly thematic discussions in core group (Politicization of population movement, Local (re)integration etc.)
❑ See ReDSS 2021 learning calendar for detailed information

55. How to engage with ReDSS?
❑ Request for tailored trainings and to facilitate workshops/ strategy
developments – share evidence, context analysis, etc.
❑ Request for organising/ contributing to joint learning events on specific
themes
❑ Request for joint research and analysis or to be part of existing ReDSS
research processes
❑ Request to share information, new studies, analyses, upcoming events on
ReDSS website and external newsletter
❑ Request to engage and support policy processes and dialogue
❑ Request for contacts, content, use of tools, etc.

56. Stay in touch – further support, joint events etc
❑ReDSS website (www.regionaldss.org) and Social media - Twitter account (ReDSS_HoA)
❑Bi- monthly newsletter – Register on website home page
❑ReDSS Secretariat contacts
Regional
• Research and capacity development: Patience Kiara (p.kiara@regionaldss.org )
• Policy dialogue: Anna Salvarli (a.Salvarli@regionaldss.org)
• Manager: Aude Galli (a.galli@regionaldss.org )
Kenya: Patience Kiara (p.kiara@regionaldss.org )
Somalia: Abdullahi Hassan (a.hassan@regionaldss.org)
Ethiopia: Jason Bell (j.bell@regionaldss.org)