The document discusses a webinar on climate change adaptation planning for low-income urban populations. It includes summaries of presentations from representatives of USAID, EPA, Abt Associates, and ICLEI on topics like the Durban Adaptation Charter, cities adapting to climate change in Asia, and financing sustainable adaptation in cities. The webinar aimed to discuss best practices for inclusive, participatory adaptation planning that considers the needs of vulnerable urban communities.

1. Climate Change Adaptation
Planning for Low-Income
Urban Populations
September 20, 2016
Moderator:
Darren Manning, USAID
Speakers:
Anthony Socci, US EPA
Hari Dulal, Abt Associates
Laura Kavanaugh, ICLEI

2. Welcome to the CEADIR Series
Pablo Torres, Director of Operations, CEADIR
Introduction
Darren Manning, Urban Development Advisor, USAID
The Durban Adaptation Charter: An Approach to Inclusive Urban
Development and Climate Adaptation Planning
Anthony Socci, Senior Lead on International Climate Policy,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cities in Asia: How are they adapting to climate change?
Hari Dulal, Senior Climate Change Adaptation Specialist, Abt
Associates
Long term investments: Financing sustainable and inclusive
climate adaptation in cities
Laura Kavanaugh, Resilient Cities Program Manager,
ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability
Open Forum 2
Agenda

3. Darren Manning
Urban Development Advisor
USAID, Land and
Urban Office
• Over 20 years of experience in
international development,
project management, and
architecture.
• Joined USAID as foreign service
officer in 2004, with mission
assignments in El Salvador,
Mexico, Paraguay, and
Washington, D.C.
• Prior to USAID, held positions as
a US-based architectural project
designer and manager.
• Previous municipal development
volunteer in Peace Corps El
Salvador.
3

4. 12/29/2023
• Cities are major contributors to climate change
o 2% of earth’s surface
o 78% of world’s energy consumption
o 60% of greenhouse gas emissions (UN-Habitat, 2014)
o House a large proportion of national assets, economic and
social infrastructure, and government facilities
• Urban poor are often most vulnerable to climate change.
o May live along river banks and coasts susceptible to flooding
or hillsides prone to landslides,
o Unstable or poorly constructed houses,
o Inadequate infrastructure, water supply, and sanitation
services
o Proximity to polluted grounds
Climate Change Adaptation Planning
for Low-Income Urban Populations
4

5. • Successful climate change adaptation planning must be:
o Inclusive – Open to involvement of diverse interest
groups and stakeholders related to gender, socio
economic status, age, ethnicity, race, religion, or
disability.
o Participatory – Decision making and planning is
coordinated with impacted local communities and is
responsive to their needs
o Data driven – Utilizes available data to inform decision
making
o Cognizant of impact – Decisions and plans mitigate the
negative impact to the wellbeing and livelihood vulnerable
populations
Climate Change Adaptation Planning for Low-Income
Urban Populations
5

6. 12/29/2023
Climate Change Adaptation Planning
for Low-Income Urban Populations
6

7. 12/29/2023
Climate Change Adaptation Planning
for Low-Income Urban Populations
7

8. 12/29/2023
Climate Change Adaptation Planning
for Low-Income Urban Populations
8

9. 12/29/2023
Climate Change Adaptation Planning
for Low-Income Urban Populations
9

10. Anthony Socci
Senior Lead on International
Climate Policy
US EPA, International
and Tribal Affairs
• At the EPA, working to facilitate
urban and local adaptation efforts
with the Durban Adaptation
Charter.
• Member of the steering
committee for the UNEP’s Global
Adaptation Network.
• Served on an EPA-wide team to
produce the EPA’s first climate
adaptation strategy.
• Works with the State
Department’s climate negotiating
team on adaptation issues
related to urban and sub-national
adaptation efforts, resilience
issues, and UNFCCC adaptation
negotiations. 10

11. The Durban Adaptation Charter: An
Approach to Inclusive Urban
Development and Climate Adaptation
Planning
Dr. Anthony Socci, Sr. Lead on International Climate Policy
U.S. EPA Office of International & Tribal Affairs
11

12. Informal Settlements and the Informal Economy:
The Un-included
• Approximately 1 billion urban dwellers live in informal settlements
• Informal settlements do not have access to climate risk-reducing
infrastructure and services
• UN projects that most of the growth in the world’s population up to
2030 will take place in urban areas of low- and middle-income
nations
• Without more effective and inclusive urban policies, much of this
growth will be accommodated in informal settlements
• Large differences in the risks to the urban poor are associated with
gender, age, and culture
• Over 50% of the population in 47 developing countries in 2013 were
engaged in non-agricultural activities in the informal sector and the
share exceeded 67% in one-third of these countries.
12

13. Alexandria Township, Johannesburg, South Africa
13

14. Taipei Street, Taiwan
14

15. Paraisopolis Favela, Sao Paulo, Brazil
15

16. Durban Adaptation Charter (DAC)
• Launched in 2011 at COP 17
• Commits local governments to climate action
• Later transformed into a platform for facilitating local action.
More than a pledge, process, or approach to facilitating
adaptation actions
• Hub and Compact model for coordinating global action,
developing capacity and sharing knowledge
• Contributes to National Adaptation Planning (NAP) process and
SDG 11 (inclusive urban development)
16

17. Attributes of the Hub and Compact Model
• Inclusivity – no one left behind
• Capacity development/peer-to-peer learning – Compact members
and hub cities learn from each other and share resources globally
and locally
• Local Adaptation Plans (LAPS) aligned with National Adaptation
Plans (NAPS), as called for by the Paris Agreement
• Institutional mechanisms for local to national coordination of
climate-related actions
17

18. • Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe, and Palm Beach Counties,
formed in 2010, includes 109 cities.
• Adaptation Action Area (AAA) - designation for areas
vulnerable to climate impacts
• Southeast Florida Regional Climate Action Plan (RCAP),
2012:
• 110 action items to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
adapt to climate change over five years
• Has a dedicated budget
Southeast Florida Regional
Climate Change Compact
18

19. Central Kwa-Zulu Natal Climate Compact
• Durban is lead city
• Includes 7 local/regional municipal governments and 1 youth group
• Established in early 2014
Accomplishments:
• Training through international workshops
• Developing capacity of municipal staff and councilors
• Established a climate change learning exchange
• Communications and coordination with national government
• Training for other municipalities trying to set up compacts
• Working to secure a dedicated budget and develop joint funding proposals
19

20. Central Kwa-Zulu Natal
Climate Change Compact
DURBAN
Hibiscus
Coast
Municipality
UMgungundlovu
District
Municipality
Umdoni Local
Municipality
Ilembe
District
Municipality
Ugu District
Municipality
KwaDukuza
Local
Municipality
Msunduzi
Local
Municipality
20

21. 21

22. Quelimane
Pem
ba
(DAC
)
Mapu
to
(DAC)
Dar es
Salaam East
African Hub
Compact
s
Compac
ts
Compact
s
Compact
s
DURBAN
(DAC)
Hibiscus
Coast
Municipality
UMgungundl
ovu District
Municipality
Umdoni Local
Municipality
Ilembe
District
Municipality
Ugu District
Municipality
KwaDukuza
Local
Municipality
Msunduzi
Local
Municipality
Expanding African
network of
local adaptation
implementation,
climate knowledge
networks, learning
exchanges, and peer to
peer learning.
Durban
Southern
African
Hub
Compact
s
Compac
ts
Compact
s
Compact
s
DEA
Regional Scalability
Planned Hubs
22

23. Global Scalability
23

24. Closing Thoughts
• SD Goal 11: Making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable is difficult, but achievable
• Opportunities exist to connect participatory planning
efforts already taking place in many informal settlements
with local, national, and regional compacts and planning
for climate change adaptation and capacity development
• Resilience of cities will depend on the resilience
capacities of low income populations, including women
and youths
24

25. 25

26. Hari Dulal
Senior Climate Change
Adaptation Specialist
Abt Associates
• More than 13 years of
experience in climate change
adaptation issues, spanning
over 12 countries in Asia, Africa,
Central Asia, Latin America, and
the Caribbean
• Currently the project director for
Building Capacity for Climate
Resilience in Tajikistan, an Asian
Development Bank-funded
project.
• Published over 20 articles,
briefs, and academic papers
analyzing links between climate
change and development.
26

27. Cities in Asia:
How are they adapting
to climate change?
Hari B. Dulal
Abt Associates Inc.
Bethesda, MD
27

28. Urban Population in Asia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1990 2014 2050
32
48
64
Percent
Source: UNDESA, 2014
28

29. Exposure to coastal flooding
from sea-level rise and storms
City Country
Exposed
Population
(2008)
Exposed Population
(2070)
Percent
increase in
62 years
Kolkata India 1,929,000 14,014,000 626
Mumbai India 2,787,000 11,418,000 310
Dhaka Bangladesh 844,000 11,135,000 1219
Guangzhou China 2,718,000 10,333,000 280
Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam 1,931,000 9,216,000 377
Shanghai China 2,353,000 5,451,000 132
Bangkok Thailand 907,000 5,138,000 466
Rangoon Myanmar 510,000 4,965,000 874
Hai Phòng Vietnam 794,000 4,711,000 493
Tianjin China 956,000 3,790,000 296
Chittagong Bangladesh 255,000 2,866,000 1024
Jakarta Indonesia 513,000 2,248,000 338
Source: Adapted from Nicholls et al. (2008)
29

30. Average Annual losses (AAL)
Incurred from Coastal Flooding
City AAL, With
Protection
(US$ million)
(2005)
AAL
(US$ million)
(2050)
AAL, With
Protection
(% of GDP)
(2005)
AAL as a
Percent of City GDP
(2050)
Guangzhou,
China
687 13,200 1.32% 1.46%
Mumbai,
India
284 6,414 0.47% 0.49%
Shenzen,
China
169 3,136 0.38% 0.40%
Ho Chi Minh
City,
Vietnam
104 1,953 0.74% 0.83%
Kolkata,
India
99 3,350 0.21% 0.26%
Jakarta,
Indonesia
73 1,750 0.14% 0.22%
Source: Adapted from Hallegatte et al., 2013
30

31. Methods (I)
• Available data published between January 2004 and July 2014
• Urban adaptation actions are subdivided into groundwork and
adaptation
1. Groundwork 2. Adaptation Actions
Impact and vulnerability assessments Changes made to built environments
Research on adaptation options Services delivered by local governments
Conceptual tools Organizational mandates
Stakeholder and networking
opportunities
Regulations in response to predicted or
experienced impacts
Recommendations for adaptation action
31

32. Methods (II)
• Sources
• Peer-reviewed literature
• Grey literature
• National Communications (NCs) to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
• Search peer-reviewed sources for “climate change adaptation” and “global
warming adaptation,” with geographic descriptor “cities in Asia”
• 550 hits. Fifty peer-reviewed documents considered relevant and data were
extracted
• Searched grey literature for “climate change adaptation in Asia,” “climate
change adaptation in cities in Asia,” or “climate risk reduction in cities in
Asia”
32

33. Results
Type of document Number of documents
reviewed
Number of adaptation
Initiatives recorded
Peer-reviewed literature 50 84
Grey literature 30 37
National
Communications
28 57
Total 108 178
33

34. South Asia
Country Number of
cities
implementing
adaptation
initiatives
Ground
-work
Adaptation
actions
Country
total
ND-GAIN
country
vulnerabilit
y rank
ND-GAIN
country
adaptive
capacity
rank
Afghanista
n
4 0 4 4 166 182
Banglades
h
3 11 6 17 140 152
Nepal 1 2 0 2 128 142
Sri Lanka 1 1 0 1 99 115
Bhutan 1 5 0 5 120 113
India 10 14 13 27 118 130
Maldives 1 0 1 1 118 48
Pakistan 2 1 2 3 115 96
Region
Total
23 34 26 60 - -
34

35. East Asia
Country Number of
cities
implementing
adaptation
initiatives
Ground-
work
Adaptation
actions
Country
total
ND-GAIN
country
vulnerabilit
y rank
ND-GAIN
country
adaptive
capacity
rank
North Korea 1 1 0 1 122 124
Vietnam 6 11 12 23 106 89
China 15 9 12 21 30 37
Japan 2 5 0 5 26 2
Philippines 2 3 0 3 95 114
Indonesia 5 9 8 17 89 122
South
Korea
2 2 2 4 31 10
Thailand 6 13 13 26 68 41
Region
Total
39 53 47 100 - -
35

36. Central Asia
Country Number of
cities
implementing
adaptation
initiatives
Ground-
work
Adaptation
actions
Country
total
ND-GAIN
country
vulnerabilit
y rank
ND-GAIN
country
adaptive
capacity
rank
Kyrgyzstan 2 5 0 5 54 57
Turkmenist
an
3 3 2 5 103 148
Kazakhstan 5 3 2 5 31 50
Uzbekistan 2 5 0 5 72 55
Region
Total
12 16 4 20 - -
36

37. Sectoral Distribution
Sector Total Peer-
reviewed
Grey
literature
National
Communications
Agriculture 5 3 2 0
Disaster risk management 100 43 17 40
Water 18 7 8 3
Ecosystem management 12 6 0 6
Public health 5 4 0 1
Secure resources, food
security
1 1 0 0
Infrastructure, transportation 10 6 4 0
Other 27 12 6 9
Project type
Proactive (planned or
anticipatory)
60 37 17 6
Reactive 118 48 30 40
37

38. Conclusions
• Most cities are at the initial stage of carrying out adaptation
initiatives- more groundwork were carried out
• Most adaptation actions were carried out in cities in lower and
upper middle income countries
• Investment in low-carbon climate resilient infrastructure is
needed to enhance urban sustainability and resilience in Asia.
• Proactive adaptation measures are necessary to better
anticipate and manage urban climate risks and impacts
38

39. Recommendations
Support local adaptation initiatives
Support informal settlement organizations
Support urban climate change adaptation project preparation
Channel urban adaptation finance through local institutions
39

40. Laura Kavanaugh
Resilient Cities Program
Manager
ICLEI – Local
Government for
Sustainability
• Social scientist with expertise
in human geography and
sustainable development.
• Coordinates ICLEI's Resilient
Cities Agenda and global
events, including the Resilient
Cities Congress Series.
• Previously, conducted
independent research on
urban development and
vulnerability in India and Sierra
Leone and worked as a
program director for an NGO
focused on youth engagement
in global issues.
40

41. Photo © Barbizan, 2012
Long Term Investments: Financing Sustainable and
Inclusive Climate Adaptation in Cities
Laura Kavanaugh, Resilient Cities Program Manager
ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability

42. Est. Global Climate Finance Investments 2014 (Climate Policy Initiative, 2015):
• ~7% of $391 billion goes toward climate adaptation = ~US$26 billion
(urban and non-urban)
Est. Annual Adaptation Costs in developing countries (UNEP, 2016):
• US$140 billion - $300 billion by 2030
• US$280 billion - $500 billion by 2050
Financing inclusive adaptation planning:
Challenges and contradictions
• Adaptation projects with a high socio-economic return are often not
bankable
Development loans
Grants & Public
funding
Private loans &
investment
• However, adaptation funding is insufficient or inaccessible to
subnational governments
• Reliance on external funding unsustainable
42

43. Mixed funding approaches
• Combine local, national, international
sources of funding
• Leverage funding and resources
available to lay the groundwork to
1. Build a base to generate own-funding
and cost-recovery mechanisms
2. Create a more attractive investment
environment
Support the process with more inclusive planning approaches
“We need policies that enable
more private sector investment
in a way that supports the
resilience agenda and we need
to remove some of the policy
barriers to create this more
enabling environment for
investment.“
Josef Leitmann, Team Leader, Urban
Resilience, GFDRR/ World Bank
43

44. Benefits of inclusive planning for
improving adaptation funding opportunities
Inclusive planning reduces investment risks by improving:
• Transparency and accountability
• Local and community ownership
• Local capacity building
• Evidence-based planning & decision-making
“Building resilience is a very
long process, it needs to be
appropriated by communities.”
- Sipliant Takougang, Ministry of
Urban Development & Habitat,
Cameroon
‘I learned later this was
called participatory
budgeting … it was born
out of necessity.’
– Mayor Manuel Araujo,
Quelimane Municipality,
Mozambique
• Political commitment
• “Sustainability” of the interventions
• Increased awareness of resilience
44

45. Benefits of inclusive planning for
improving adaptation funding opportunities
Inclusive adaptation helps to build a local funding base by:
• Enabling households and informal sector businesses to save costs
• Community savings and insurance schemes
• Reduced losses e.g. during extreme weather events
• Costs reinvested in resilience measures
• Community Development Funds
• Micro-financing and lending
• Taxes and service fees
for cost-recovery
• Increased awareness promotes
behavior change, reducing risks
Photo: Ramiz Khan
45

46. Example: Da Nang, Vietnam
Participatory planning approaches
Da Nang Climate Change Coordination Office
(CCCO), est. 2012
Photos: Dr. Dinh Quang Cuong, Director of
CCCO Da Nang, Resilient Cities 2016
• Coordinates with government and
community stakeholders and
international partners
• Support from the Asian Cities Climate
Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN)
• Promotes participatory approach e.g.
Shared learning Dialogues
• Local authority responsible for climate
change planning
46

47. Storm Resistant Housing Project
Overhang designed with
reinforced concrete
reduces the impact of
severe gusts of winds.
Houses are designed
stronger materials
than traditional
housing.
Rooms designed with a
reinforced concrete frame
serve as shelter in case of
severe typhoon.
Photos Dr. Dinh Quang Cuong, Director of CCCO
Da Nang, Resilient Cities 2016
Photos Minh Quy Phan, CCCO Da Nang
Resilient Cities 2016
47

48. Stepwise Approach
• Leadership and
commitment
• Creative solutions
and partnerships
• Visibility and
increased access to
funding
Key Elements

49. Q&A Session
Darren Manning
Urban Development
Advisor
USAID,
Office of Land and Urban
Hari Dulal
Senior Climate Change
Adaptation Specialist
Abt Associates
Anthony Socci
Senior Lead on
International Climate
Policy
EPA, International and
Tribal Affairs Office
Laura Kavanaugh
Resilient Cities
Program Manager
ICLEI
49

50. 50
CEADIR helps governments, the
private sector, and civil society
make the business and economic
case for climate change mitigation
and adaptation.
CEADIR covers three thematic
pillars of USG climate change
strategy to scale up low-carbon,
climate resilient development.
About CEADIR

51. • All attendees will receive a recording and copy of
today’s presentation.
• Listen to previous CEADIR discussions on Climatelinks
YouTube page.
• Additional questions?
– Dr. Marcia Trump, Chief of Party, CEADIR
marcia_trump@abtassoc.com
– Dr. Robert Voetsch, Project Manager, CEADIR
rvoetsch@crownagents.com
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