The document discusses the concepts of text and discourse, highlighting their definitions and differences. Texts are static, focusing on structure and content, while discourse is dynamic, emphasizing language use in social contexts. It stresses the importance of coherence, unity, and purpose in effective communication.

1. Text as Connected Discourse

2. How will you
put the
elephant in the
fridge in three
(3) easy steps?

3. How will you
put the giraffe
in the fridge in
four (4) easy
steps?

4. The King of the
jungle calls for a
meeting, who
do you think will
not be able to
attend?

5. How will you cross the pond
where twelve (12) wild
crocodiles live?

7. Anton: There’s a Roman guy
who goes to a bar, holds up
his two fingers and says
“five beers please!”

8. Anton: What did the fish say
when he was cooked?
“I’m daing!”
(I’m dying)

9. Anton: How about when he
was torn in two?
“I’m two-na!”
(I’m already 2)

10. Were you able to
understand the jokes
cracked by Anton?

11. How were you able to
understand the
jokes?

12. It is our knowledge on
how sentences are formed as
well as our knowledge about
the topic enable us to
understand such discourse.

13. Text
•A text refers to any written or spoken piece
of language that forms a cohesive whole. It
can be as short as a single sentence or as
long as a book.
•Texts are static; they exist as tangible
entities (e.g., a letter, a story, a poem, an
email, a report).

14. •They are focused on structure and
content, often analyzed in terms of
grammar, syntax, and coherence.

15. •Discourse refers to the use of language in a social
context, focusing on how meaning is created and
communicated. It includes spoken and written
communication as well as non-verbal elements (like
gestures).

16. •Discourse is dynamic, as it involves
interaction and interpretation. It is concerned
with the function of language rather than
just its structure.
•Analyzing discourse often involves
examining the purpose, audience, and
cultural context of the communication.

18. A text is called a connected discourse
because it’s made up of sentences or
ideas that are linked together to create
meaning. Think of it like a puzzle where
every piece fits and helps tell a story,
explain something, or share a message.

19. 1.Everything fits together
The sentences are connected so
they make sense as a whole.
Words like and, because, or then
help tie ideas together.

20. 2. It makes sense:
•The ideas flow in a logical way,
like steps in a recipe or scenes in
a story.

21. 3.It has a purpose:
•A text always has a goal, like
informing you, making you laugh,
or convincing you to agree with
something.

22. 1. Can we talk about random
things all at the same time
and expect to understand
each other? If yes, why? If
no, why not?

23. A text should always
have unity, coherence,
and emphasis.

24. 2. How will you achieve
unity, coherence, and
emphasis in writing a
text?

25. 3. Can you separate the
text from context?
Explain.

26. Context refers to the
situation giving rise to
the discourse and within
which the discourse is
embedded.

27. YOUR Turn
Think of 3 knock knock or
pick up lines in English
and present it to the
class.