ReactJS is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces that uses a component-based approach. It introduces concepts like single source of truth, thinking in components, and always redrawing using a virtual DOM. Components receive data via props and maintain internal state. The library encourages separating functionality, templates, and styles into distinct components. Data flows in one direction via actions in a Flux architecture. React aims to make it easier to build large, complex user interfaces by dividing them into independent, reusable pieces.