This presentation discusses clean technology raw materials, including rare metals production and markets. It notes that China dominates global production of many rare metals essential for clean technologies like electric vehicles and energy storage. The presentation also outlines major lithium, vanadium, graphite, and copper producers and discusses Canada's opportunities and challenges regarding developing its clean technology raw materials sector. It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach between environmental and economic priorities.

1. CLEAN
TECHNOLOGY-
RAW MATERIALS –
MARKET -
CANADA -
BY: PAUL YOUNG,
CPA, CGA
DATE: SEPTEMBER
22, 2020

2. • This presentation is one perspective on Clean Technology Raw
Materials

3. PAUL YOUNG - BIO
• CPA, CGA
• Financial Solutions
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – Financial Solutions
• SME – Supply Chain Management
• SME – Emerging Technology
• SME – Cloud-based solutions
Contact information:
Paul_Young_CGA@Hotmail.com

4. AGENDA
• Energy Storage Market
• Electrical Car
• Rare Metal Production
• Lithium Production
• Vanadium Production
• Graphite production
• Copper Production
• Canada Raw Materials
• Canada Market and Issues
• Blog – Canada North
• Blog – Carbon Tax / Canada
• Blog – Canada and Climate Change

5. EV SUPPLY ISSUES
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/environment-and-safety/ev-sales-slump-as-supply-challenges-leave-dealers-
short-260865/

6. ENERGY STORAGE MARKET
• Looking at the entire global energy industry, BNEF’s report sees encouraging signs in the energy storage market, which
inspired expectations of a market valued at $250 billion or more by 2040. In the shorter term, BNEF expects 25 GW of
storage devices to have been deployed over the next 12 years, which, the BNEF analysts pointed out, is about the same
size as today’s rooftop PV industry.
• This is an ambitious forecast, considering that there is less than 1 GW of storage devices operating on world grids
combined today. However, there are some large-scale battery projects currently in development, notably a 100 MW
facility in Long Beach, California, being developed by Edison International.
Source - http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/energy-storage-market-to-
grow-to-usd250-billion-by-2040_100024952/#axzz4QDY3Q1VX

7. ELECTRICAL CAR MARKET
• There maybe better option to support the reduction of emissions including hybrid vehicles and/or more focus
on heavy emitters like rail and containerships - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/ev-electrical-
vehicles-all-you-need-to-know-238428364
• Source: https://cleantechnica.com/2016/06/05/electric-car-sales-increased-42-globally-q1-2016/ or
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/oct/13/electric-car-sales-set-to-pass-2m-landmark-
globally-by-end-of-2016

8. ELECTRICAL CAR
RAW MATERIAL
• Source - http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Electric-Automobile.html

9. ELECTRICAL BATTERY COST
• http://www.industryweek.com/energy/electric-cars-soon-will-cost-less-gasoline-autos-research-
shows?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IWNews+%28IndustryWeek+Most+Recent+News%29&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1_b&NL=IW-07
Now research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance indicates
that falling battery costs will mean electric vehicles will also be
cheaper to buy in the U.S. and Europe as soon as 2025.
Batteries currently account for about half the cost of EVs, and
their prices will fall by about 77% between 2016 and 2030, the
London-based researcher said.
“On an upfront basis, these things will start to get cheaper and
people will start to adopt them more as price parity gets
closer,” said Colin McKerracher, analyst at the London-based
researcher. “After that it gets even more compelling.”

10. ELECTRICAL CAR
BATTERY
Source - https://cleantechnica.com/2015/05/06/10-biggest-electric-car-battery-
manufacturers-are/

11. MARKET PRODUCTION – RARE METALS
1. China - Mine Production: 105,000 tons
2. Australia - Mine Production: 10,000 tons
3. United States - Mine Production: 4,100 tons
4. Russia - Mine Production: 2,500 tons
5. Thailand - Mine Production: 1,100 tons
6. Malaysia - Mine Production: 200 tons

12. LITHIUM PRODUCTION
1. Australia - Mine production: 13,400 MT
2. Chile - Mine production: 12,900 MT
3. Argentina - Mine production: 3,800 MT
4. China - Mine production: 2,200 MT
5. Zimbabwe - Mine production: 900 MT

13. VANADIUM - PRODUCTION
1. China - Mine production - 42,000 MT
2. South Africa - Mine production - 19,000 MT
3. Russia - Mine production - 15,000 MT
4. Brazil – Mine Production – 2,800 MT

14. GRAPHENE - PRODUCTION
1. China - Mine production - 780,000 MT
2. India - Mine production -170,000 MT
3. Brazil - Mine production - 80,000 MT
4. Turkey - Mine production - 32,000 MT
5. Canada - Mine production - 32,000 MT

15. COPPER PRODUCTION
Source - https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/base-metals-investing/copper-investing/bhp-expand-copper-exploration-ev-demand/?mqsc=E3917814
Copper demand is forecast to increase significantly as demand for
electric vehicles surges to 140 million by 2035 from about 1 million
today, Danny Malchuk, president of operations at BHP’s Minerals
Americas division, said on Wednesday (November 1).
“We want more copper resources in our portfolio. And we believe the
most valuable pathway to achieving this is through exploration, the
drill bit,” added Malchuk, speaking at a Bloomberg forum.

16. CANADA MINING – CLEAN TECHNOLOGY METALS
• Canadian industry want to secure 20% of global supply by 2018. At the moment China produces some 90% of
the world's rare earths – used in a variety of industries including green technology, defense systems and
consumer electronics – and imposes export quotas. Frontrunners among Canadian juniors racing to build the
country's first rare earth mine include Rare Element Resources (TSE:RES), Avalon Rare Metals (TSE:AVL) and
Quest Rare Minerals (TSX:QRM) while Saskatoon-based Great Western Minerals (CVE:GWG) is
recommissioning the Steenkampskraal mine in South Africa with Chinese backing.
• Canada hosts vanadium deposits in locations such as Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. Total reserves are
unknown at this time, but plenty of companies are working in the country to develop projects - -
https://www.mining.com/vanadium-mining-in-canada/
• Lithium projects – Manitoba, NWT, Ontario and Quebec -
https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/quebec-lithium-mine-
s-bankruptcy-flags-canadian-market-obstacles-analysts-say-58533815
• Graphite – New Brunswick - https://smallcappower.com/analyst-articles/junior-graphite-stocks-2020/
• SK - https://www.src.sk.ca/campaigns/rare-earth-processing-facility

17. CANADA CLEAN TECH MARKET
Key Programs
• SDTC
• Trade/FIPA
• Provincial Funds
for Clean
Technology
Market Size /Clean
Technology
• $50B (estimated 2017)
Market Growth
• 10% or about
$4.4B/year
• Technology evolving
(storage, microgrids,
solar, advance
materials, etc.)
Downsize Risk
• Ability to commercialize
• Projects have to be profitable without Government Grants
• Access to raw materials
• Access to skills / Training
• Trade/FIPA Agreements
• The requirement for Carbon (mining to installation)

18. CANADA GOVERNMENT
• The battery technology, which uses liquid electrolyte, offers a handful of advantages
over traditional solid batteries, particularly for grid-scale applications. Producers still
need to bring V2O5 costs down considerably to make the storage solution cost-
competitive, according to NRC.
• While vanadium pentoxide can be mined, produced during steel manufacturing or from
catalysts, ash and other residues, there is currently no primary producer of the
compound in Canada.
• Quebec’s VanadiumCorp Resource Inc. is one example of a Canadian company
developing a production site; it is currently working to secure financing to start
construction on a mine outside Chibougamau, Que. Source -
http://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/environment-and-safety/anti-carbon-tax-
environmental-groups-call-end-fossil-fuel-subsidies-179037/

19. BLOG – CANADA NORTH
• https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/regulation/n-w-t-premier-says-south-stop-calling-shots-northern-
development-203703/
•
• McLeod said $2.6 billion in planned investments in offshore exploration disappeared with the onset of Trudeau’s
moratorium and yet Canada hasn’t come to the table with any aid to replace that.
• He said welfare rolls grew in the time since and the population is declining as young people in particular head
south to find jobs that don’t exist in the Northwest Territories.
• Resources and the energy sector account for about 40 per cent of the economy of the Northwest Territories.
•
• Mr. McLeod should be very leery as Trudeau named a new policy adviser to his Natural Resource Policy team. The
person is formerly tied to Tides Foundation - https://www.hilltimes.com/2017/08/21/new-environment-natural-
resources-policy-adviser-joins-pmo/116282. Sarah Goodman was with the Tides Foundation -
http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/tides-canada-names-sarah-goodman-vice-president-business-
development-and-services-537415491.html
•
• Many jurisdictions have put pro-green agenda ahead of development of natural resources as such mine rankings
for provinces and territories has fallen over the past few years. https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/annual-
survey-of-mining-companies-2016

20. CANADA CARBON TAX
• RBC did this report on carbon tax. The issue is RBC is trying to be political correct as they appear to be on the fence with their analysis.
http://www.rbc.com/economics/economic-reports/pdf/other-reports/Carbon_October2017.pdf
•
• The reality is emissions will not go down as that has been proven elsewhere in the world like Australia. Why am I using Australia? Australia
removed carbon tax as it was costing the economy and doing little to reduce emissions -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/australia-vs-canada-october-2017 or http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/australia-s-carbon-tax-
repealed-after-2-years-1.2709642
•
• The other issue missing in the analysis is that carbon tax impact to GDP growth. Carbon tax will take approximately $3B out of the
economy. http://business.financialpost.com/commodities/energy/ottawas-carbon-tax-plan-to-shrink-economy-by-3-billion-hurt-loonie-in-
2018-study
•
• The person is formerly tied to Tides Foundation - https://www.hilltimes.com/2017/08/21/new-environment-natural-resources-policy-
adviser-joins-pmo/116282. Sarah Goodman was with the Tides Foundation - http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/tides-canada-names-
sarah-goodman-vice-president-business-development-and-services-537415491.html
•
• Many jurisdictions have put pro-green agenda ahead of development of natural resources as such mine rankings for provinces and
territories has fallen over the past few years. https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/annual-survey-of-mining-companies-2016
•

21. BLOG – CANADA AND CLIMATE CHANGE
• We are faced with many dilemmas when it comes to government policies. We elect politicians based on their campaign promises. In many cases politicians fail to deliver on their promise. The Liberals
for example keep telling people that economy and environment go and hand together “No country was better positioned to take advantage of those new opportunities in the global economy than
Canada. No country in the world had stronger assets and weaker leadership. No government got it more wrong than Harper’s. A Liberal government will make it right.
• Today, I’m here to announce our plan for real change for our environment, our economy, and our future. We need to take real action on climate change. Source -
http://www.torontosun.com/2017/09/06/im-so-done-with-liberal-climate-nonsense or https://www.liberal.ca/realchange/real-change-a-new-plan-for-canadas-environment-and-economy/
•
• Since 2015 when the Liberals took office the exports have been driven by energy, metals and transportation equipment - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/merchandise-trade-canada-july-
2017 (See slide 7). So, if Liberals think that we can go carbon free in a few years then they live in a fantasy world. The reality is that clean technology companies have yet to show a profit -
http://www.bnn.ca/awash-in-red-ink-canadian-clean-tech-struggling-despite-ottawa-s-green-goals-1.729679. Yet the government is moving forward with more moneys for SDTC fund.
https://www.sdtc.ca/en/media-release/investments-made-ontario-will-lead-cutting-edge-environmentally-friendly-technologies. Money for these funds comes from taxpayers like natural resource
base corporation.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jW9GiWeQEgg
• The second piece of the liberals push for carbon tax is blaming natural disasters on climate change
•
So, it is $1B cost a year for natural disasters?
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-carbon-tax-or-a-price-for-carbon
What triggers floods? Snow/rain, right? So, if we are warming up does not mean less rain?
Many forest fires are either started by lighting or are man-made? In fact provincial governments have scale back their forest management budgets - http://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/did-cuts-to-
fire-program-budget-have-a-role-to-play-in-fort-mcmurray-fire or http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/ontario-government-sues-cn-rail-for-millions-in-firefighting-costs-
1.2927083 or https://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/BC%20Office/2010/12/CCPA_BTN_forest_service_web.pdf
I am surprised she did not mention earthquakes? Earth is made up of plates.
• How about what Greenpeace said on climate change - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktq55_d7TvU. Suzuki was ridicule on Australia TV -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOK8JhgwmZ8&t=615s
Climate Minister - McKenna should go out and visit areas before jumping to conclusion that climate change is real! This is what weather expert said on climate change -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihnkZOEe378 or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C35pasCr6KI

22. GREEN ECONOMY
The last thing a fragile economy needs is more @gmbutts green energy policy. Ontario economy still suffers from
@gmbuts failed green agenda!
• Economy - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/global-economy-current-state-and-whats-next
• Green https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/fail-green-agenda-ontario-july-2019
• Climate Change - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/clean-technology-the-green-economy

23. CHINA AND RARE METALS
• China controls good chunk of rare metals, vanadium, and lithium - https://inews.co.uk/news/long-reads/rare-
earths-race-break-china-control-supplies-metals-madagascar-642759
• The green economy requires rare metals, lithium, cobalt, vanadium and other metals as part of commercialization
of the green products - https://www.voanews.com/silicon-valley-technology/how-china-dominates-global-
battery-supply-chain. China has made key investment in countries like Chile and Bolivia -
https://dialogochino.net/en/extractive-industries/35423-bolivia-rethinks-how-to-industrialize-its-lithium-amid-
political-transition/ or https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/09/24/business/chile-china-japan-lithium-
investment/

24. WHAT’S NEXT?
• There needs to be better balanced between the green economy and other aspects of the economy -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/global-economy-current-state-and-whats-next (see slide 10)
• G20 (ex China) needs to re-think their trade and investment policies with countries like China -
https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-09-05/China-outperforms-most-G20-members-in-Q2-GDP-growth-
Tx3fT5yupq/index.html
• Government need to stop direct subsidies to businesses that are not profitable -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-best-to-design-corporate-taxation-policies-as-part-of-supporting-
economic-growth
• There are many pieces to environment that need to address - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/climate-
change-and-the-environment-how-do-we-resolve
• Countries need to re-shore parts of their supply chain - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-best-to-
reshore-supply-chains
• Countries need to re-think their power grid including the best path forward. Too many governments are throwing
direct subsidies at wind and solar. The problem is these subsidies have led to issues with hydro rates -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/report-electricity-analysis-canada-and-the-world

25. TRAINING AND
DEVELOPMENT
• If you like to learn more about
trade and/or other subjects as
part of your professional learning
and development then feel free to
review my material on
https://www.udemy.com/ (search
Paul Young CPA CGA)
• These subjects address how to
fixed issues with housing and/or
systemic issues related to
economy including government
policies

26. OTHER SOURCES:
• http://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/government-policies-sustainable-development-technology-
corporation-cleantech-canada
• http://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/government-policy-clean-technology-canada-programs-and-
market-information