The document discusses the concept of randomness and the historical context surrounding it, referencing notable works by Francis Galton and the RAND Corporation's research on random digits. It highlights the challenges of defining a truly random sequence and explores various random number generators, including linear congruential and Mersenne twister algorithms. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of independence and uniformity in generating random numbers.

1. From Trinity to Table Games
And rew B. Collier

2. A Random Walk through History

6. Francis Galton, “Dice for Statistical Experim ents,” Nature, 42(1070), pp. 13–14, 1890.

8. 3567
12723489
7234

10. The RAND Corporation, A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates. 1955.

11. What's Random?

12. 4
http://xkcd.com/221/

13. Random
Unpredictable
Irregular Haphazard

14. “A completely satisfactory definition of random
sequence is yet to be discovered.”
Mathematics Dictionary, James & James

15. Independence Uniformity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

18. 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

19. 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
51 750 030
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
4 205 585
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
38 187 208

20. Random Number Generators

21. WhatDoYouWant?
Independence and Uniformity
Truly Random Numbers

23. Linea r Congruential Generator

24. a = 2, c = 1, m = 7

25. RANDU

27. 219937-1 Mersenne Twister

28. Quo Vadis?