The document discusses the reasons for Spain's success in organ donation rates and some of the ethical issues with its model. Key aspects of the Spanish model include its system of presumed consent, the important role of transplant coordinators in detecting potential donors and approaching families, and educational efforts to increase public awareness and acceptance of donation. Some debates around the model include its reliance on older donors and end-of-life policies that could prematurely declare brain death.
The document provides guidance on getting a bioethics paper published, including:
1) It discusses the type of papers that different bioethics journals accept, such as theoretical/philosophical journals preferring well-argued articles while hybrid journals are more interdisciplinary.
2) Word counts and whether empirical or theoretical research is preferred are important factors when choosing a journal.
3) High impact medical and science journals also publish bioethics papers but are more selective and competitive.
4) Open access journals are also an option for publishing bioethics research.
Donor infective status and potential impact on recipientsDino Sgarabotto
This document discusses donor-derived infections that can be transmitted through organ transplantation. It provides examples of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections transmitted from donors to recipients. While a retrospective study found no increased risk of infection transmission from bacteremic donors who received antibiotics, donor screening and treatment are still recommended to prevent transmission of virulent organisms. The challenges of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections from donors are also discussed. The case study examines risks of latent tuberculosis or Chagas disease transmission from a donor from Bolivia. Screening recommendations and challenges in determining donor suitability are reviewed.
David Rodríguez-Arias - The Ethics of Organ Donation. an international perspe...Albertononi
The document discusses the ethics of organ donation policies from an international perspective, comparing practices in Spain and Canada. Spain has an opt-out system of presumed consent that has led to high donation rates but raises ethical questions. Key policies debated include presumed consent, separation of diagnostic and transplant teams, public awareness, and end-of-life practices that could increase potential donors. The document examines whether Spain's utilitarian approach prioritizes social benefits over individual autonomy and risks hardening its initially soft opt-out policy.
David Rodríguez-Arias - Investigación biomédica y bioética globalAlbertononi
El documento discute los desafíos éticos de la investigación biomédica en países en desarrollo. Aborda temas como la distribución desigual de recursos de salud, principios como el consentimiento informado y beneficios justos, y casos problemáticos como el uso de placebos. Argumenta que se necesita un enfoque de bioética global que reconozca la interdependencia de factores económicos, educativos y políticos, y la responsabilidad compartida de promover la justicia y el desarrollo a nivel mundial.
This document discusses the organ procurement process from donor stabilization and transport to organ recovery and preservation techniques. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining cellular homeostasis and minimizing ischemia to prevent organ damage. Key steps include proper IV access, ventilation, operating room preparation, documentation, and using preservation solutions to suppress metabolism until transplantation.
Martin Torres - Argentina - Monday 28 - Management and organization models f...incucai_isodp
The document discusses management and organization models for organ donation and transplantation in Latin America and the Caribbean region. It notes there are significant differences among countries in donation rates, mortality rates on waitlists, and approaches to organization. It proposes the Latin American Transplant Coordination Model to help standardize practices and increase donation rates through national transplant organizations, hospital coordinators, quality assurance programs, training, and international cooperation and data sharing.
Information and support for patients on MKI treatmentMarika Porrey
This document provides guidance for physicians and patient organizations on information and support for patients receiving treatment with multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs). It recommends that physicians clearly explain the expected clinical course, treatment options including active surveillance, and implications of radioiodine resistance in differentiated thyroid cancer. Information should be provided over several consultations and emphasize shared decision making. It also recommends that patient organizations support patients by providing educational materials and connecting patients to additional support resources.
The document provides guidance on getting a bioethics paper published, including:
1) It discusses the type of papers that different bioethics journals accept, such as theoretical/philosophical journals preferring well-argued articles while hybrid journals are more interdisciplinary.
2) Word counts and whether empirical or theoretical research is preferred are important factors when choosing a journal.
3) High impact medical and science journals also publish bioethics papers but are more selective and competitive.
4) Open access journals are also an option for publishing bioethics research.
Donor infective status and potential impact on recipientsDino Sgarabotto
This document discusses donor-derived infections that can be transmitted through organ transplantation. It provides examples of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections transmitted from donors to recipients. While a retrospective study found no increased risk of infection transmission from bacteremic donors who received antibiotics, donor screening and treatment are still recommended to prevent transmission of virulent organisms. The challenges of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections from donors are also discussed. The case study examines risks of latent tuberculosis or Chagas disease transmission from a donor from Bolivia. Screening recommendations and challenges in determining donor suitability are reviewed.
David Rodríguez-Arias - The Ethics of Organ Donation. an international perspe...Albertononi
The document discusses the ethics of organ donation policies from an international perspective, comparing practices in Spain and Canada. Spain has an opt-out system of presumed consent that has led to high donation rates but raises ethical questions. Key policies debated include presumed consent, separation of diagnostic and transplant teams, public awareness, and end-of-life practices that could increase potential donors. The document examines whether Spain's utilitarian approach prioritizes social benefits over individual autonomy and risks hardening its initially soft opt-out policy.
David Rodríguez-Arias - Investigación biomédica y bioética globalAlbertononi
El documento discute los desafíos éticos de la investigación biomédica en países en desarrollo. Aborda temas como la distribución desigual de recursos de salud, principios como el consentimiento informado y beneficios justos, y casos problemáticos como el uso de placebos. Argumenta que se necesita un enfoque de bioética global que reconozca la interdependencia de factores económicos, educativos y políticos, y la responsabilidad compartida de promover la justicia y el desarrollo a nivel mundial.
This document discusses the organ procurement process from donor stabilization and transport to organ recovery and preservation techniques. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining cellular homeostasis and minimizing ischemia to prevent organ damage. Key steps include proper IV access, ventilation, operating room preparation, documentation, and using preservation solutions to suppress metabolism until transplantation.
Martin Torres - Argentina - Monday 28 - Management and organization models f...incucai_isodp
The document discusses management and organization models for organ donation and transplantation in Latin America and the Caribbean region. It notes there are significant differences among countries in donation rates, mortality rates on waitlists, and approaches to organization. It proposes the Latin American Transplant Coordination Model to help standardize practices and increase donation rates through national transplant organizations, hospital coordinators, quality assurance programs, training, and international cooperation and data sharing.
Information and support for patients on MKI treatmentMarika Porrey
This document provides guidance for physicians and patient organizations on information and support for patients receiving treatment with multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs). It recommends that physicians clearly explain the expected clinical course, treatment options including active surveillance, and implications of radioiodine resistance in differentiated thyroid cancer. Information should be provided over several consultations and emphasize shared decision making. It also recommends that patient organizations support patients by providing educational materials and connecting patients to additional support resources.
Dr Paramjit Gill: How inequality creates sick peoplehealth4migrants
Dr Gill's presentation on how inequality creates sick people and sick communities and why migrants particularly are at risk at the conference "Universal Healthcare in the Age of Migration" 2011.
The document discusses several arguments in favor of legalizing euthanasia. It argues that euthanasia does not significantly shorten life for terminally ill patients and could save lives by establishing legal protections. It also notes that public opinion polls consistently show majority support for allowing terminally ill patients to end their lives. The document further argues that legalizing euthanasia could improve quality of life by allowing people to die on their own terms without suffering. It asserts that fears about vulnerable groups being targeted are unfounded based on data from jurisdictions where euthanasia is legal. The document maintains current laws condemning terminally ill people to prolonged suffering and criminalizing family members who help them die are inhumane. It
EANM patient information on thyroid cancerMarika Porrey
Judith Taylor and Beate Bartès discussed best practices for developing thyroid cancer patient information materials. They described 3 key aspects: 1) Clinicians and patients collaborating on guidelines and matching patient leaflets to ensure information is evidence-based and understandable, like the British Thyroid Association did. 2) European groups developing guidelines and patient leaflets together, like the European Society of Endocrinology. 3) The Thyroid Cancer Alliance creating materials for advanced disease treatments through a patient-clinician workshop. Reliable patient information is endorsed, regularly updated, and connects patients to support groups.
Transition transplant path to tissue engineer path new banff class 2017 Kim Solez ,
Kim Solez "The transition between transplant pathology and tissue engineering pathology: Beginning a new Banff classification - 2017 Update". ATI Fellows Rounds Presentation Spept 12 2017
HE 485W Bioethics for Public Health
please answers each of the following in a brief paragraph.
l. Please explain why we should have cause for concern regarding
the Bioethical issues facing us in today's modern contemporary
Society
2. When does an individuals' right to choose begin to threaten the
autonomy of others? Likewise, when does the quest for
autonomy begin to threaten individual rights?
3. Please explain how genetic engineering and testing along with
Bio-technology has the potential to promote discrimination.
4. Please describe the inherent social challenges in cloning human
beings as we have discussed them in class or otherwise.
5. In your opinion, would it ever be appropriate for employers to
screen for predetermined genetic disorders. Why and Why not?
6. Would it ever be ethical to withhold information from a dying
patient? Why and Why not?
Organ Transplants
Ethical Issues
What are Organ Transplants?Cadaveric organ donation: Involves removing organs from a recently deceased donor.Living organ donation: Involves the donation of one of a paired organ (ex: kidneys) or a portion of an organ (such as a lobe of the liver or lung). The donor's organ system is still able to function after the donation. Living donors are often related to the patient, but that is not always the case.
HistoryIn 1954, the first successful kidney transplant was performed in the United States. It was a kidney from a living identical twin donor.
History cont.More than a half of a century after the very first transplant, more than 80,000 people whose death without a donor is certain are on waitlists in the United States waiting for a new lung, kidney, heart, or liver. The United Network for Organ Sharing reports that about half of these people will die without receiving the necessary organs. Human organs are a scarce medical resource and have many ethical issues concerning organ transplantation.
ConsentA donor card is the main signal for permission to collect an organ from a potential donor. Also there is an attempt to gain approval from a next of kin or other family members. If a family member isn’t present for that decision then recovery agencies would act solely on the donor card.
Donor Card ConcernsThere is fear and distrust that if you are a organ donor then less effort would be placed into saving your life if your death meant organs for others.Coercion takes place when signing up for a license, because everyone’s license is marked with the decision to be a organ donor or not.
Allocation ConcernsOrgan recipients are chosen from a long waiting list after they have been medically determined to be a eligible candidate. The criteria for these lists are weighed upon factors such as age range, causes of failure, and stage of organ failure.
An attempt to balance justice...The United Network for Organ Sharing policy tries to make the decision of organ donating fair by placing criteria on the donatin ...
This document outlines a panel discussion on reshaping Hong Kong's healthcare landscape. The panel includes experts in medical devices, biotech, healthcare, and related fields. They will discuss opportunities in Hong Kong's aging population and industries like biotech and medical devices. Examples of critical drivers to progress these industries include qualified investments, government support, and access to markets. Statistics on healthcare spending, demographics in Hong Kong, China and the US provide context. Top causes of death globally and in these regions show cancer and heart disease are leading. The future of healthcare may involve convergence of technologies for personalized medicine and minimum intrusion treatment as populations age.
Name 1 Student NameProfessor Morris English 2367 .docxgertrudebellgrove
Name 1
Student Name
Professor Morris
English 2367
14 November 2019
Organ Donation: You Can Make a Difference
The national organ transplant waiting list continues to grow larger and larger, day by day,
and we need to take action to decrease the number of patients dying before they receive a
lifesaving organ. Although the idea of everyone receiving a transplant that will save their life is
desirable, it’s practically impossible to save every single person that is on the waiting list. It may
not be possible to reduce the amount of names added to the waiting list everyday, but it is
certainly possible to reduce the amount of people that die each day while waiting for a lifesaving
transplant. Significant research has been done to explain the reason for the continuous shortage
of organ donors and possible solutions have been proposed to put an end to the issue. Majority of
research on organ donation agrees that proper education about donation processes, improved
procurement processes, and donation after circulatory or cardiac death are all potential solutions
to increase the donor pool. Implementation of these ideas is necessary to decrease the amount of
patients dying and to increase the amount of registered donors.
Many people are opposed to and become uncomfortable when the topic of organ donation
arises in conversation. The primary cause of this opposition and fear are the numerous believable
but certainly untrue misperceptions regarding organ donation after deceased. In his TED Talk,
“Giving the Gift of Life through Organ Donation,” transplant surgeon Chris Barry speaks with a
great deal of emotion and knowledge about organ donation after deceased. Dr. Chris Barry lists a
cmorris71
Highlight
Name 2
few of the formidable myths that surround organ donation which include: belief that a person’s
religion does not accept organ donation, doctors will not work as hard to save your life if they
know that you are a registered organ donor, and finally the belief that one is too old to donate
their organs. He states that, “This kind of thinking is killing people.” It’s important for everyone
to be informed about the facts regarding organ donation and to not fall into the trap of the
countless misperceptions. In fact, Paolo Bruzzone, MD provides the facts of religious beliefs on
organ donation in his article, “Religious Aspects of Organ Transplantation,” he confirms that
“No religion formally forbids donation or receipt of organs or is against transplantation from
living or deceased donors.” These myths are recognized and explained in the majority of
research done on organ donation and transplantation. Specifically, the Health Resources and
Services Administration (HRSA) informs the public about the myths and provides the facts about
the myths eliminating any confusion about organ donation and transplantation. The HRSA states
that, “There’s no age limit to organ donation. To date, .
Name 1 Student NameProfessor Morris English 2367 .docxgertrudebellgrove
Name 1
Student Name
Professor Morris
English 2367
14 November 2019
Organ Donation: You Can Make a Difference
The national organ transplant waiting list continues to grow larger and larger, day by day,
and we need to take action to decrease the number of patients dying before they receive a
lifesaving organ. Although the idea of everyone receiving a transplant that will save their life is
desirable, it’s practically impossible to save every single person that is on the waiting list. It may
not be possible to reduce the amount of names added to the waiting list everyday, but it is
certainly possible to reduce the amount of people that die each day while waiting for a lifesaving
transplant. Significant research has been done to explain the reason for the continuous shortage
of organ donors and possible solutions have been proposed to put an end to the issue. Majority of
research on organ donation agrees that proper education about donation processes, improved
procurement processes, and donation after circulatory or cardiac death are all potential solutions
to increase the donor pool. Implementation of these ideas is necessary to decrease the amount of
patients dying and to increase the amount of registered donors.
Many people are opposed to and become uncomfortable when the topic of organ donation
arises in conversation. The primary cause of this opposition and fear are the numerous believable
but certainly untrue misperceptions regarding organ donation after deceased. In his TED Talk,
“Giving the Gift of Life through Organ Donation,” transplant surgeon Chris Barry speaks with a
great deal of emotion and knowledge about organ donation after deceased. Dr. Chris Barry lists a
cmorris71
Highlight
Name 2
few of the formidable myths that surround organ donation which include: belief that a person’s
religion does not accept organ donation, doctors will not work as hard to save your life if they
know that you are a registered organ donor, and finally the belief that one is too old to donate
their organs. He states that, “This kind of thinking is killing people.” It’s important for everyone
to be informed about the facts regarding organ donation and to not fall into the trap of the
countless misperceptions. In fact, Paolo Bruzzone, MD provides the facts of religious beliefs on
organ donation in his article, “Religious Aspects of Organ Transplantation,” he confirms that
“No religion formally forbids donation or receipt of organs or is against transplantation from
living or deceased donors.” These myths are recognized and explained in the majority of
research done on organ donation and transplantation. Specifically, the Health Resources and
Services Administration (HRSA) informs the public about the myths and provides the facts about
the myths eliminating any confusion about organ donation and transplantation. The HRSA states
that, “There’s no age limit to organ donation. To date, ...
Future Of Cancer Diagnostics Conference 8 21 08sanglorikian
The document discusses how molecular diagnostics (MDx) are influencing cancer care. MDx are having a large impact by assisting with early detection, prognosis, and theranostics. MDx help personalize treatment and provide effective solutions by determining predisposition, predicting aggressiveness, and indicating response to therapies. MDx are also helping to monitor cancer management and patient surveillance.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune-Albright Syndromecurefdmas
Outline a thought process that can be employed by governing,
academic and commercial institutes in setting policy and
research guidelines towards finding cure for rare diseases. @curefdmas @nih @RareDiseases #nord #raredisease #fdmas
The document discusses a Tamil genocide protest that took place in Toronto, Canada in 2009. Tens of thousands of Tamil Canadians protested to raise awareness about alleged human rights abuses against Tamils by the Sri Lankan government during the country's 25-year civil war. Major protests involved human chains along city streets, demonstrations on university campuses, and rallies at Parliament Hill in Ottawa. The protesters called on Western leaders to take action and provide humanitarian aid to affected civilians.
This document discusses several ethical issues surrounding organ transplantation. It addresses debates around organ donation from living or deceased donors, including religious objections. Defining life, death, and what constitutes the human body are ongoing philosophical debates that impact organ transplantation policies. Using cloning to produce transplant organs for a recipient raises significant ethical concerns. Xenotransplantation, or cross-species organ transplants, could potentially address the organ shortage but risks transmitting infectious agents to humans. Informed consent is crucial given potential health risks. Countries with opt-out organ donation policies tend to have higher donation rates than opt-in countries.
BEYOND HEALTHCARE: INFORMATION AND EDUCATION FOR PATIENTS AND CITIZENSAnna Gasparello
The document discusses a Neuro-Oncology Information Point (PINO) located in the Scientific Library of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute in Milan, Italy. PINO aims to provide scientifically accurate health information to patients and citizens to improve health literacy. Over a two year period, PINO collected data from 338 users through surveys. The majority of users (85%) had a brain tumor and sought information around diagnosis, treatment options, and management of their condition. PINO distributed informational booklets, with the most popular topics being nutrition, brain tumors, and patient rights. Users reported that the information from PINO was helpful and they would recommend the service to others.
David Rodríguez-Arias - Regenerative medicine in EuropeAlbertononi
1) The document discusses international variation in stem cell research policies and practices across different countries and jurisdictions.
2) It notes differing regulations regarding the procurement of cells and embryos, funding sources, clinical trial oversight, and more.
3) The document examines challenges like encouraging collaboration while respecting pluralism on ethical issues, and identifies areas where consensus may be possible, such as on research standards, compared to issues like the moral status of embryos where disagreement is likely to persist.
David Rodríguez-Arias - Inconsistencias conceptuales sobre la muerte y la ext...Albertononi
Este documento presenta los resultados de un estudio que exploró las opiniones y actitudes de profesionales sanitarios en Francia, España y Estados Unidos sobre el criterio legal bifurcado para determinar la muerte y su relación con la donación de órganos. El estudio encontró inconsistencias conceptuales entre los profesionales, y que sus opiniones sobre la unidad entre la muerte cerebral y la muerte cardiorrespiratoria afectan a su percepción sobre la extracción de órganos en diferentes protocolos. Algunos profesionales consideraron que la extracción de ór
David Rodríguez-Arias - X seminario de bioéticaAlbertononi
El documento discute los límites éticos de los trasplantes de órganos. Aborda cuestiones como la escasez de órganos, el marco legal que rige los trasplantes, casos problemáticos como la donación de vivos y la donación después de parada cardíaca, y los principios éticos como el consentimiento, la no maleficencia y la justicia. Plantea la necesidad de un enfoque pragmático que flexibilice los principios sin comprometer la confianza pública a largo plazo en el sistema de tras
David Rodríguez-Arias - Concepto de muerte, uned, semana de la ciencia 2011Albertononi
Este documento discute los desafíos de definir la muerte. Explica que históricamente se usaron criterios como el paro cardíaco y la falta de respiración, pero la tecnología médica moderna ha creado casos fronterizos donde esos criterios no son claros. La ley española ahora reconoce la muerte cerebral o el cese irreversible de las funciones cardiorrespiratorias como criterios de la muerte, pero estos enfoques también han planteado problemas prácticos y teóricos.
More Related Content
Similar to Raisons du succès et problèmes éthiques du modèle espagnol de don d'organes
Dr Paramjit Gill: How inequality creates sick peoplehealth4migrants
Dr Gill's presentation on how inequality creates sick people and sick communities and why migrants particularly are at risk at the conference "Universal Healthcare in the Age of Migration" 2011.
The document discusses several arguments in favor of legalizing euthanasia. It argues that euthanasia does not significantly shorten life for terminally ill patients and could save lives by establishing legal protections. It also notes that public opinion polls consistently show majority support for allowing terminally ill patients to end their lives. The document further argues that legalizing euthanasia could improve quality of life by allowing people to die on their own terms without suffering. It asserts that fears about vulnerable groups being targeted are unfounded based on data from jurisdictions where euthanasia is legal. The document maintains current laws condemning terminally ill people to prolonged suffering and criminalizing family members who help them die are inhumane. It
EANM patient information on thyroid cancerMarika Porrey
Judith Taylor and Beate Bartès discussed best practices for developing thyroid cancer patient information materials. They described 3 key aspects: 1) Clinicians and patients collaborating on guidelines and matching patient leaflets to ensure information is evidence-based and understandable, like the British Thyroid Association did. 2) European groups developing guidelines and patient leaflets together, like the European Society of Endocrinology. 3) The Thyroid Cancer Alliance creating materials for advanced disease treatments through a patient-clinician workshop. Reliable patient information is endorsed, regularly updated, and connects patients to support groups.
Transition transplant path to tissue engineer path new banff class 2017 Kim Solez ,
Kim Solez "The transition between transplant pathology and tissue engineering pathology: Beginning a new Banff classification - 2017 Update". ATI Fellows Rounds Presentation Spept 12 2017
HE 485W Bioethics for Public Health
please answers each of the following in a brief paragraph.
l. Please explain why we should have cause for concern regarding
the Bioethical issues facing us in today's modern contemporary
Society
2. When does an individuals' right to choose begin to threaten the
autonomy of others? Likewise, when does the quest for
autonomy begin to threaten individual rights?
3. Please explain how genetic engineering and testing along with
Bio-technology has the potential to promote discrimination.
4. Please describe the inherent social challenges in cloning human
beings as we have discussed them in class or otherwise.
5. In your opinion, would it ever be appropriate for employers to
screen for predetermined genetic disorders. Why and Why not?
6. Would it ever be ethical to withhold information from a dying
patient? Why and Why not?
Organ Transplants
Ethical Issues
What are Organ Transplants?Cadaveric organ donation: Involves removing organs from a recently deceased donor.Living organ donation: Involves the donation of one of a paired organ (ex: kidneys) or a portion of an organ (such as a lobe of the liver or lung). The donor's organ system is still able to function after the donation. Living donors are often related to the patient, but that is not always the case.
HistoryIn 1954, the first successful kidney transplant was performed in the United States. It was a kidney from a living identical twin donor.
History cont.More than a half of a century after the very first transplant, more than 80,000 people whose death without a donor is certain are on waitlists in the United States waiting for a new lung, kidney, heart, or liver. The United Network for Organ Sharing reports that about half of these people will die without receiving the necessary organs. Human organs are a scarce medical resource and have many ethical issues concerning organ transplantation.
ConsentA donor card is the main signal for permission to collect an organ from a potential donor. Also there is an attempt to gain approval from a next of kin or other family members. If a family member isn’t present for that decision then recovery agencies would act solely on the donor card.
Donor Card ConcernsThere is fear and distrust that if you are a organ donor then less effort would be placed into saving your life if your death meant organs for others.Coercion takes place when signing up for a license, because everyone’s license is marked with the decision to be a organ donor or not.
Allocation ConcernsOrgan recipients are chosen from a long waiting list after they have been medically determined to be a eligible candidate. The criteria for these lists are weighed upon factors such as age range, causes of failure, and stage of organ failure.
An attempt to balance justice...The United Network for Organ Sharing policy tries to make the decision of organ donating fair by placing criteria on the donatin ...
This document outlines a panel discussion on reshaping Hong Kong's healthcare landscape. The panel includes experts in medical devices, biotech, healthcare, and related fields. They will discuss opportunities in Hong Kong's aging population and industries like biotech and medical devices. Examples of critical drivers to progress these industries include qualified investments, government support, and access to markets. Statistics on healthcare spending, demographics in Hong Kong, China and the US provide context. Top causes of death globally and in these regions show cancer and heart disease are leading. The future of healthcare may involve convergence of technologies for personalized medicine and minimum intrusion treatment as populations age.
Name 1 Student NameProfessor Morris English 2367 .docxgertrudebellgrove
Name 1
Student Name
Professor Morris
English 2367
14 November 2019
Organ Donation: You Can Make a Difference
The national organ transplant waiting list continues to grow larger and larger, day by day,
and we need to take action to decrease the number of patients dying before they receive a
lifesaving organ. Although the idea of everyone receiving a transplant that will save their life is
desirable, it’s practically impossible to save every single person that is on the waiting list. It may
not be possible to reduce the amount of names added to the waiting list everyday, but it is
certainly possible to reduce the amount of people that die each day while waiting for a lifesaving
transplant. Significant research has been done to explain the reason for the continuous shortage
of organ donors and possible solutions have been proposed to put an end to the issue. Majority of
research on organ donation agrees that proper education about donation processes, improved
procurement processes, and donation after circulatory or cardiac death are all potential solutions
to increase the donor pool. Implementation of these ideas is necessary to decrease the amount of
patients dying and to increase the amount of registered donors.
Many people are opposed to and become uncomfortable when the topic of organ donation
arises in conversation. The primary cause of this opposition and fear are the numerous believable
but certainly untrue misperceptions regarding organ donation after deceased. In his TED Talk,
“Giving the Gift of Life through Organ Donation,” transplant surgeon Chris Barry speaks with a
great deal of emotion and knowledge about organ donation after deceased. Dr. Chris Barry lists a
cmorris71
Highlight
Name 2
few of the formidable myths that surround organ donation which include: belief that a person’s
religion does not accept organ donation, doctors will not work as hard to save your life if they
know that you are a registered organ donor, and finally the belief that one is too old to donate
their organs. He states that, “This kind of thinking is killing people.” It’s important for everyone
to be informed about the facts regarding organ donation and to not fall into the trap of the
countless misperceptions. In fact, Paolo Bruzzone, MD provides the facts of religious beliefs on
organ donation in his article, “Religious Aspects of Organ Transplantation,” he confirms that
“No religion formally forbids donation or receipt of organs or is against transplantation from
living or deceased donors.” These myths are recognized and explained in the majority of
research done on organ donation and transplantation. Specifically, the Health Resources and
Services Administration (HRSA) informs the public about the myths and provides the facts about
the myths eliminating any confusion about organ donation and transplantation. The HRSA states
that, “There’s no age limit to organ donation. To date, .
Name 1 Student NameProfessor Morris English 2367 .docxgertrudebellgrove
Name 1
Student Name
Professor Morris
English 2367
14 November 2019
Organ Donation: You Can Make a Difference
The national organ transplant waiting list continues to grow larger and larger, day by day,
and we need to take action to decrease the number of patients dying before they receive a
lifesaving organ. Although the idea of everyone receiving a transplant that will save their life is
desirable, it’s practically impossible to save every single person that is on the waiting list. It may
not be possible to reduce the amount of names added to the waiting list everyday, but it is
certainly possible to reduce the amount of people that die each day while waiting for a lifesaving
transplant. Significant research has been done to explain the reason for the continuous shortage
of organ donors and possible solutions have been proposed to put an end to the issue. Majority of
research on organ donation agrees that proper education about donation processes, improved
procurement processes, and donation after circulatory or cardiac death are all potential solutions
to increase the donor pool. Implementation of these ideas is necessary to decrease the amount of
patients dying and to increase the amount of registered donors.
Many people are opposed to and become uncomfortable when the topic of organ donation
arises in conversation. The primary cause of this opposition and fear are the numerous believable
but certainly untrue misperceptions regarding organ donation after deceased. In his TED Talk,
“Giving the Gift of Life through Organ Donation,” transplant surgeon Chris Barry speaks with a
great deal of emotion and knowledge about organ donation after deceased. Dr. Chris Barry lists a
cmorris71
Highlight
Name 2
few of the formidable myths that surround organ donation which include: belief that a person’s
religion does not accept organ donation, doctors will not work as hard to save your life if they
know that you are a registered organ donor, and finally the belief that one is too old to donate
their organs. He states that, “This kind of thinking is killing people.” It’s important for everyone
to be informed about the facts regarding organ donation and to not fall into the trap of the
countless misperceptions. In fact, Paolo Bruzzone, MD provides the facts of religious beliefs on
organ donation in his article, “Religious Aspects of Organ Transplantation,” he confirms that
“No religion formally forbids donation or receipt of organs or is against transplantation from
living or deceased donors.” These myths are recognized and explained in the majority of
research done on organ donation and transplantation. Specifically, the Health Resources and
Services Administration (HRSA) informs the public about the myths and provides the facts about
the myths eliminating any confusion about organ donation and transplantation. The HRSA states
that, “There’s no age limit to organ donation. To date, ...
Future Of Cancer Diagnostics Conference 8 21 08sanglorikian
The document discusses how molecular diagnostics (MDx) are influencing cancer care. MDx are having a large impact by assisting with early detection, prognosis, and theranostics. MDx help personalize treatment and provide effective solutions by determining predisposition, predicting aggressiveness, and indicating response to therapies. MDx are also helping to monitor cancer management and patient surveillance.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune-Albright Syndromecurefdmas
Outline a thought process that can be employed by governing,
academic and commercial institutes in setting policy and
research guidelines towards finding cure for rare diseases. @curefdmas @nih @RareDiseases #nord #raredisease #fdmas
The document discusses a Tamil genocide protest that took place in Toronto, Canada in 2009. Tens of thousands of Tamil Canadians protested to raise awareness about alleged human rights abuses against Tamils by the Sri Lankan government during the country's 25-year civil war. Major protests involved human chains along city streets, demonstrations on university campuses, and rallies at Parliament Hill in Ottawa. The protesters called on Western leaders to take action and provide humanitarian aid to affected civilians.
This document discusses several ethical issues surrounding organ transplantation. It addresses debates around organ donation from living or deceased donors, including religious objections. Defining life, death, and what constitutes the human body are ongoing philosophical debates that impact organ transplantation policies. Using cloning to produce transplant organs for a recipient raises significant ethical concerns. Xenotransplantation, or cross-species organ transplants, could potentially address the organ shortage but risks transmitting infectious agents to humans. Informed consent is crucial given potential health risks. Countries with opt-out organ donation policies tend to have higher donation rates than opt-in countries.
BEYOND HEALTHCARE: INFORMATION AND EDUCATION FOR PATIENTS AND CITIZENSAnna Gasparello
The document discusses a Neuro-Oncology Information Point (PINO) located in the Scientific Library of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute in Milan, Italy. PINO aims to provide scientifically accurate health information to patients and citizens to improve health literacy. Over a two year period, PINO collected data from 338 users through surveys. The majority of users (85%) had a brain tumor and sought information around diagnosis, treatment options, and management of their condition. PINO distributed informational booklets, with the most popular topics being nutrition, brain tumors, and patient rights. Users reported that the information from PINO was helpful and they would recommend the service to others.
Similar to Raisons du succès et problèmes éthiques du modèle espagnol de don d'organes (18)
David Rodríguez-Arias - Regenerative medicine in EuropeAlbertononi
1) The document discusses international variation in stem cell research policies and practices across different countries and jurisdictions.
2) It notes differing regulations regarding the procurement of cells and embryos, funding sources, clinical trial oversight, and more.
3) The document examines challenges like encouraging collaboration while respecting pluralism on ethical issues, and identifies areas where consensus may be possible, such as on research standards, compared to issues like the moral status of embryos where disagreement is likely to persist.
David Rodríguez-Arias - Inconsistencias conceptuales sobre la muerte y la ext...Albertononi
Este documento presenta los resultados de un estudio que exploró las opiniones y actitudes de profesionales sanitarios en Francia, España y Estados Unidos sobre el criterio legal bifurcado para determinar la muerte y su relación con la donación de órganos. El estudio encontró inconsistencias conceptuales entre los profesionales, y que sus opiniones sobre la unidad entre la muerte cerebral y la muerte cardiorrespiratoria afectan a su percepción sobre la extracción de órganos en diferentes protocolos. Algunos profesionales consideraron que la extracción de ór
David Rodríguez-Arias - X seminario de bioéticaAlbertononi
El documento discute los límites éticos de los trasplantes de órganos. Aborda cuestiones como la escasez de órganos, el marco legal que rige los trasplantes, casos problemáticos como la donación de vivos y la donación después de parada cardíaca, y los principios éticos como el consentimiento, la no maleficencia y la justicia. Plantea la necesidad de un enfoque pragmático que flexibilice los principios sin comprometer la confianza pública a largo plazo en el sistema de tras
David Rodríguez-Arias - Concepto de muerte, uned, semana de la ciencia 2011Albertononi
Este documento discute los desafíos de definir la muerte. Explica que históricamente se usaron criterios como el paro cardíaco y la falta de respiración, pero la tecnología médica moderna ha creado casos fronterizos donde esos criterios no son claros. La ley española ahora reconoce la muerte cerebral o el cese irreversible de las funciones cardiorrespiratorias como criterios de la muerte, pero estos enfoques también han planteado problemas prácticos y teóricos.
David Rodríguez-Arias - Bioética global - CSIC (11/2011)Albertononi
Este documento explora los desafíos de la bioética global, incluyendo las desigualdades en la riqueza, enfermedades y gastos de salud a nivel mundial. Define la bioética global como la promoción de valores como el respeto a la vida humana, los derechos humanos y la equidad a nivel global. Examina problemas a nivel micro como la atención clínica y la investigación, a nivel macro como los deberes entre naciones, y cuestiones meta sobre los límites y responsabilidades de la disciplina de la bioética
Rodríguez arias el derecho a decidir sobre la propia salud testamento vital y...Albertononi
Este documento discute varios temas relacionados con el final de la vida, incluyendo el testamento vital, la eutanasia, las decisiones médicas al final de la vida y las controversias terminológicas. Señala que la mayoría de las muertes ocurren en el hospital y que entre el 50-90% de las muertes en unidades de cuidados intensivos implican alguna decisión médica. También explora las perspectivas deontológicas y consecuencialistas sobre estas cuestiones, así como las diferencias culturales en actitudes hacia las directivas anticipadas.
Ética de la administración pública y valores democráticosAlbertononi
El documento presenta tres ideas básicas sobre la ética en el servicio público: 1) Los valores son generales mientras que las virtudes son individuales, 2) La distinción entre lo público y lo privado, y 3) La apropiación privada de los espacios públicos es contraria a los valores democráticos. También discute los valores en un régimen democrático como la libertad, pluralidad y tolerancia. Finalmente, presenta diez "contravalores" que van en contra de un servicio público ético como la lealtad personal sobre los fines institucionales
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
4. 1. Don du vivant “ First do not harm” Cohercion? Altruism? The risk of black market of organs
5. 2. Marché régulé d’organes en Iran Larijani B, Zahedi F, Taheri E. Ethical and legal aspects of organ transplantation in Iran. Transplant Proc 2004;36(5):1241-4. 83% of kidneys from living donors Donors: 30/40 year old 84% poor 16% middle class Related morbidity risk: 20% Risk of death: 0.03%. Recipients: 50% poor 36% middle class
6. 3. Don à coeur arrêté contrôlé NEJM ; 2008;359(7):709-14. Hastings Center Report 2010(may-june):24-30
29. 54% of families initially reluctant, finally accept donation REVERSED REFUSALS GOMEZ MARINERO, P. y SANTIAGO GUERVOS, C. (1995). "La negativa familiar. Causas y estrategias" Revista española de trasplantes 4(5): 334-337. % of total refusals Reason given % Reversed 40.7% Refusal of the donor 23% 24% Refusal of family 55% 7.7% Problems with the hospital’s system 46% 5.8% Problems with brain death 76% 4.8% Image of the donor 73% 3.8% Ignore the wish of the donor 86% 3.8% Social problems 69% 3.8% Religious problems 20% 2.9% “ Assertive” 0% 1.9% Want to have the donor at home 33%
30. Educational factors Specific courses for all types of professionals involved in transplantation on: - donor detection - brain death diagnosis - donor management - family approach (bad news, grief, “relation of help”, management of refusals, cultural issues, communication) - organ allocation - approach to the media - legal issues Source: www.tpm.org
31.
32.
33.
34. Evolution of Spanish donors’ age En 2010, 79% de tous les donneurs sont agés de plus de 45 ans, et 46,6% de plus de 60 ans
35. Spanish Model is not the most efficient one EFFICIENCY Roels L, Cohen B, Gachet C. Am J Transplant . 2007 Cuende et al. Am J Transplant . 2007 PROCURED KIDNEYS from Deceased donors THAT COULD NOT BE TRANSPLANTED (% of total Kidneys procured) NON-USEFUL DONORS
36. End-of-life policies and the “induction” of Brain Death The Dutch protocol : “Starting or continuing mechanical ventilation in patients who are not brain dead, but who are beyond hope of meaningful survival, with the sole intent of awaiting brain death and the possibility of organ donation bears some risk that the patient will not die but remain alive in a persistent vegetative state. ( Erwin J.O. Kompanje, 2006 ) The Spanish Protocol : “In the name of the principle of justice, it is considered that these patients must be hospitalized in the ICU. It is considered ethically acceptable that, even though some of them become in PVS because of an aggressive treatment in the ICU, and even though it violates the non-maleficience principle, the social benefice that organ donation entails is a priority. A clear information to the proxies on these procedures and its probabilities must be given. The State should assume the social costs that follow the perpetuation of those PVS patients (Mercedes Lara ) http://www.uninet.edu/cin2000/conferences/MLara/mlara1/index.htm
37.
38. Donation after uncontrolled cardiac death Manipulation of the place and timing for the determination of death Preserving techniques without patient or family explicit consent Hardening of the initially “soft” presumed consent Lack of information to the families Unclear if donor brain dead Is this utilitarian policy ethically acceptable?
39. Economic incentives 1. Professionals may be paid by the hospital according to the number of organs procured AND transplanted Compromising patients’ interests? 2. Families receive a compensation if they accept the donation. That includes - Funeral expenses - Repatriation of the corpse for foreign donors “ Unwelcomed irresistible offers”? (R. Veatch) Are these practices compatible with altruism?
40.
41. Diagnostic and procurement teams are really separated? Conflicts of Interest When the coordinator is an intensivist who - treats the patient - participates in the identification and maintenance of potential donors - is likely to receive more income if the procurement is performed
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48. Thank you David Rodríguez-Arias Vailhen, PhD [email_address] Merci
Editor's Notes
1. To learn the main statistical data about the Spanish system of organ donation and transplantation 2. To understand the factors that contribute to successful rates of organ donation. 3. To identify and explore some aspects of the system which give rise to ethically debatable issues 4. To learn about the lights and the shadows of the "Spanish Model"
Source: wikipedia April 19th 2010
10. 1. La obtención de órganos de donantes fallecidos para fines terapéuticos podrá realizarse si se cumplen las condiciones y requisitos siguientes: Que la persona fallecida, de la que se pretende extraer órganos, no haya dejado constancia expresa de su oposición a que después de su muerte se realice la extracción de órganos. Dicha oposición, así como su conformidad si la desea expresar, podrá referirse a todo tipo de órganos o solamente a alguno de ellos, y será respetada cualquiera que sea la forma en la que se haya expresado. Artículo 8. Gratuidad de las donaciones. 1. No se podrá percibir gratificación alguna por la donación de órganos humanos por el donante, ni por cualquier otra persona física o jurídica. 10. 2. La extracción de órganos de fallecidos sólo podrá hacerse previa comprobación y certificación de la muerte realizadas en la forma, con los requisitos y por profesionales cualificados, con arreglo a lo establecido en este Real Decreto y teniendo en cuenta los protocolos incluidos en el anexo I del presente Real Decreto , las exigencias éticas, los avances científicos en la materia y la práctica médica generalmente aceptada. Los citados profesionales deberán ser médicos con cualificación o especialización adecuadas para esta finalidad, distintos de aquellos médicos que hayan de intervenir en la extracción o el trasplante y no estarán sujetos a las instrucciones de éstos.
El mundialmente conocido como «Spanish Model», punto de referencia internacional obligado a la hora de hablar de potenciar la donación de órganos desde un punto de vista científico, asienta sobre el papel y la función desempeñadas por estos profesionales que describiremos continuación. Fundamentalmente ellos, bajo la dirección funcional de la ONT han sido los responsables de que España constituya el único país que ha experimentado un incremento progresivo y continuado de las tasas de donación a lo largo de los últimos 18 años. (El modelo español, p. 14) El agente fundamental capaz de actuar sobre este proceso será por tanto un médico ubicado primariamente en las UVIs, que sea capaz de indicar de igual a igual a los otros médicos responsables de estas unidades, que un paciente por el que ya no puede hacerse más por conservarle con vida, todavía puede contribuir a salvar la de otros pacientes a través de la donación de órganos. Con todos los matices que se quieran, la base del modelo español es tan simple como ésta. Disponer en todos los hospitales de profesionales específicamente entrenados en la consecución de todos los pasos encaminados a potenciar la donación. “ (L)a necesidad de que haya al menos un médico (...)en el equipo de coordinación, tesis que personalmente he mantenido contra viento y marea, tiene un origen si se quiere clasista, pero real como la vida misma” “(...) la intervención de alguien jerárquicamente inferior, como sucedía con las enfermeras, pero también con los médicos residentes, difícilmente servía para controlar la situación.” (Matesanz, 2006)
Durante el año 2008 se extrajeron 2.832 riñones para trasplante, de los que no se trasplantaron un total de 738, lo que supone un 26,1% de los generados. (Fig. 3.8). El porcentaje de riñones desechados se ha ido incrementado en los últimos años de forma paralela al incremento del número de donantes. Las causas por las que se desecharon la totalidad de los riñones durante el año 2008 fueron las siguientes: 1) en 225 riñones (30,5%) el motivo fueron las características del donante, 2) en 460 riñones (62,3%) fueron las características del injerto, 3) en otros 43 riñones (5,8%) hubo problemas con el receptor
Leer art’iculo de Shemie, Critical care, 2002, pros and cons
Historically, two requirements have served as moral support for cDCD: 1. The decision to withdraw life support is always prior to any consideration of OD, so that the latter cannot unduly interfere with the former, and 2. the protocol respects donors’ autonomy by honoring their formerly expressed wish to become organ donors. These two conditions contribute to the protection and respect of potential donors and limit the risk of health professionals’ conflicts of interest. Thus, these requirements also underpin public trust in organ transplantation policies. Although Spanish transplant coordinators generally apply the opt-out law in a soft manner – families are always consulted and can refuse the donation- there is no need for explicit manifestation of willingness to donate for any patient to become an organ donor. These circumstances not only increase the risk of disrespecting donors’ wishes but also the potential conflict of interest professionals may undergo, which could, in turn, negatively influence the social perception of the Spanish system of OD. Special care must be taken in Spain in order to avoid the conflicts of interest which may arise as a result of practicing cDCD without the donors’ explicit consent. In particular, in order to avoid the risk of compromising the donors’ interests, transplant coordinators should never participate in end-of-life decisions of potential cDCD donors. This especially applies when transplant coordinators have also a clinical role as intensivists.