Name 1 Student NameProfessor Morris English 2367 .docx

Name 1
Student Name
Professor Morris
English 2367
14 November 2019
Organ Donation: You Can Make a Difference
The national organ transplant waiting list continues to grow
larger and larger, day by day,
and we need to take action to decrease the number of patients
dying before they receive a
lifesaving organ. Although the idea of everyone receiving a
transplant that will save their life is
desirable, it’s practically impossible to save every single person
that is on the waiting list. It may
not be possible to reduce the amount of names added to the
waiting list everyday, but it is
certainly possible to reduce the amount of people that die each
day while waiting for a lifesaving
transplant. Significant research has been done to explain the
reason for the continuous shortage

of organ donors and possible solutions have been proposed to
put an end to the issue. Majority of
research on organ donation agrees that proper education about
donation processes, improved
procurement processes, and donation after circulatory or cardiac
death are all potential solutions
to increase the donor pool. Implementation of these ideas is
necessary to decrease the amount of
patients dying and to increase the amount of registered donors.
Many people are opposed to and become uncomfortable when
the topic of organ donation
arises in conversation. The primary cause of this opposition and
fear are the numerous believable
but certainly untrue misperceptions regarding organ donation
after deceased. In his TED Talk,
“Giving the Gift of Life through Organ Donation,” transplant
surgeon Chris Barry speaks with a
great deal of emotion and knowledge about organ donation after
deceased. Dr. Chris Barry lists a
cmorris71
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few of the formidable myths that surround organ donation which
include: belief that a person’s
religion does not accept organ donation, doctors will not work
as hard to save your life if they
know that you are a registered organ donor, and finally the
belief that one is too old to donate
their organs. He states that, “This kind of thinking is killing
people.” It’s important for everyone
to be informed about the facts regarding organ donation and to
not fall into the trap of the
countless misperceptions. In fact, Paolo Bruzzone, MD provides
the facts of religious beliefs on
organ donation in his article, “Religious Aspects of Organ
Transplantation,” he confirms that
“No religion formally forbids donation or receipt of organs or is
against transplantation from
living or deceased donors.” These myths are recognized and
explained in the majority of
research done on organ donation and transplantation.
Specifically, the Health Resources and
Services Administration (HRSA) informs the public about the
myths and provides the facts about
the myths eliminating any confusion about organ donation and
transplantation. The HRSA states

that, “There’s no age limit to organ donation. To date, the
oldest donor in the U.S. was age 93.”
The many misperceptions that surround organ transplantation
and donation are one of the main
causes of the shortage of donors and an increasingly large
transplant waiting list. To encourage
more people to become an organ donor, Dr. Barry implies that
talk of organ donation should
become a routine practice during estate planning, routine doctor
visits, and when employers
speak to their employees about healthcare and retirement
benefits. Knowledge about organ
donation and transplantation is necessary in order for a decrease
in the number of people dying
each year while waiting for a transplant.
Another significant cause of the transplant waiting list growing
increasingly large day by
day is the processes used for organ procurement. Improvement
of the processes used to obtain
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organs from the deceased donor is essential in order for an
increase in the number of recipients

receiving a lifesaving transplant. In the article, “DCD donors: A
unique source to significantly
increase organ donation” from the Journal of Hepatology, Juan
C. García-Valdecasas, MD, Ph.D
distinguishes the differences between the two main types of
donation after cardiac death (DCD)
donors (Maastricht category II and Maastricht category III) and
the different types of procedures
used for obtaining organs. Maastricht category III donors are
ICU patients for whom cardiac
arrest was expected, which is known as controlled donation
after cardiac death. The other main
type of donor is a category II donor, a person who has
undergone resuscitation attempts that have
been proved to be unsuccessful resulting in unexpected cardiac
arrest. A Maastricht category II
donor is referred to as an uncontrolled donation after cardiac
death. Dr. García-Valdecasas
implies that, “...mechanisms should be added during and after
the procedure to obtain the graft,
which would clearly improve two aspects: the overall efficiency
of the organ retrieval and
assurance as to the quality of the organ”. The Normothermic
Extracorporeal Machine

Oxygenator (NECMO) is a life support machine that has the
ability to reduce or reverse any
injuries that occur during the organ retrieval process. The
NECMO follows the process of
pumping blood out of the body, oxygenating it and then
returning it to the body. Results have
shown that the use of the NECMO could potentially increase the
donor pool by 33%. Dr. Martin
Smith, the author of “Organ donation after circulatory death:
current status and future potential,”
agrees with Dr. García-Valdecasas that donation after
circulatory death donors are a potential
source for an increase in the donor pool. Dr. Smith stated that,
“The substantial unrealized
potential for DCD could not only increase the availability of
organs for transplantation but also
offer more patients the opportunity to donate.” Although
utilization of machines during the
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retrieval process is more advantageous than it is
disadvantageous, it does have one drawback,
which is that it can give the family of the deceased donor false

hope that the patient is still alive
because of the machine creating the illusion that the patient is
still breathing. But all in all, it has
been proven that advancement of procedures for organ
procurement and retrieval is crucial for
more successful transplants and an increase in the donor pool.
Proper education about the processes and procedures of organ
donation and
implementation of improved procurement processes will allow
for organ donation to become a
more accepted topic. Both must be implemented simultaneously
in order for any change to result.
America must include more conversation about organ donation
registration in more situations
other than when receiving a license at the Department of Motor
Vehicles and becoming a patient
at the Intensive Care Unit. It’s obvious that immediate
acceptance of everyone will not result but
it is inevitable that an increase in the donor pool would result.
As Dr. Barry said in his TED Talk,
“If you’re not an organ donor when you die, then you are taking
a lot of people with you.”

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Works Cited
Barry, Dr. Chris. Giving the Gift of Life through Organ
Donation. YouTube , YouTube, 11 Aug.
2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=UigBNjBLByc.
Bruzzone, Paolo. “Religious Aspects of Organ Donation.”
Transplantation Proceedings , vol. 40,
no. 4, May 2008, p. 1064.,
www-sciencedirect-
com.cscc.ohionet.org/science/article/pii/S0041134508002534?vi
a%3
Dihub#!
García-Valdecasas, Juan C. “DCD Donors: A Unique Source to
Significantly Increase Organ
Donation.” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 55, no. 4, 2011, pp.
745–746.,
doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.06.002.
Health Resources and, Services Administration. “Organ
Donation Myths and Facts.” Organ
Donor, 16 Apr. 2019,
www.organdonor.gov/about/facts-terms/donation-myths-
facts.html.

Smith, Martin, et al. “Organ Donation after Circulatory Death:
Current Status and Future
Potential.” SpringerLink , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 6 Feb.
2019,
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00134-019-05533-0.
Approach #1
Synthesis: Planning The Process
The synthesis essay asks that you read a number of sources and
comment on them in an original way. The best way to approach
this complicated assignment is to plan.
Step #1 Read the introduction and prompt:
What do you know about this topic? What do you think about
this topic? How do you YOU feel about this topic?
Explore your thoughts here: The importance of effective leaders
has become even more important with the current highly
dynamic and complex environment.
For leaders to be able to lead effectively in these environments,
they must exhibit some traits which may either be inherited or
learnt.
Effective leaders must have certain characteristics that are not
common in the general population to help them make right
decisions.
In general, an effective leader must be able execute the vision
of an organization and set a positive culture.
Step #2 Comparing the Sources and Your Thoughts on the Topic
Source 1
Source 2

Source 3
Bibliographic Info
Souba, W., & Souba, M. (2018). How effective leaders harness
the future. Academic Medicine, 93(2), 166-171.
Mittal, S. (2019). Qualities of effective leaders: A staff survey.
Moskovitz, J. (2019). Choice, Traits, and Leadership: The
Effect of Decision-Making Strategy on Effective Leadership
Qualities (Doctoral dissertation).
Key Arguments
Future orientation is very important for effective leaders as it
helps them to plan and place them in a strategic position to
tackle future challenges.
Followers expect their leaders to provide guidance and handle
challenges that they face o their daily activities, for this reason
the leader must be honest confident and respectful.
Effective leadership qualities influence the behaviors of their
followers.
Evidence
Many years ago, philosopher Martin Heidegger argued that the
future is the primary temporal dimension of human existence, a
dimension embodied by our projection forward into unfolding
possibilities
Multiple studies show that individuals who lack qualities of
honesty confidence and respect are not effective leaders.
Results indicate that a greater propensity to maximize predicts a
greater preference for control, which could pose problems when
delegating tasks is necessary.
Qualifications

Your Feelings
I feel that effective leaders must be able to predict the future
and adopt strategies to handle challenges in the future.
I believe that leaders must be confident enough to make the
right decisions in complex situations.
Leaders ought to have an influencing power to guide their
followers on their daily activities.
Why this subject is important
These subject his important because of the increased complexity
of leadership environments.
This discussion will help leaders to determine qualities that
they need to have to lead effectively.
This subject will help those in leadership positions to develop
strategies to help influence their employees.
Larger themes or questions that arise in you after reading
Qualities of effective leaders.
Significance of honesty, confidence and respect in leadership
Importance of influence in leadership.
Approach #2
Synthesis Essay: Pre-Writing The Process
Your Task: Use this handout to organize and plan your synthesis
essay. This is meant to be a planning activity, so all of your
decisions do not need to be final.
Step 1:
Identify your thoughts on the prompt. Be as specific as possible.

Your Own Ideas:
Effective leaders exhibit ambition, commitment, confidence,
passion and courage as well as providing guidance, direction
and inspiration.
Step 2:
Based upon your knowledge of your texts, try to articulate
exactly how your above ideas or element is addressed within
each text. What does each text say about your idea? Be specific!
Source 1:
This source focuses on the importance of future orientation in
leadership. Being future oriented can help a leader to achieve an
organization’s goals through solving various challenges faced
on the way to success.
Source 2:
This article addresses the significance of respect, honesty and
confidence for effective leaders. The text presents evidence that
leaders who lack these qualities are ineffective.
Source 3:
This article emphasizes the importance for leaders to influence
the behaviors of their followers to achieve a common goal.
Source 4:
Step 3:

Using your answers above, write a thesis statement that captures
the essence of what your essay will set out to prove about your
ideas using the sources.
Hint: Your thesis guides the argument for the entire essay.
Write thesis statements that clearly state a defensible position
on the subject. Be specific!
Thesis:
For one to become an effective leader, he/ she should be honest,
confident and oriented towards a future.
Step 4:
Now, articulate the three major supporting details or points you
will use to prove your thesis. Remember, each point needs to
connect to at least one source but two is better to create a
conversation. So, if there is nothing in one of the texts to
support or extend your point, then come up with a different
supporting detail.
Point 1: To be an effective leader, one must be very honest and
communicate openly. Without it a leader cannot achieve
success. Leaders succeed only when they stick to core believes
and their values. Without ethics they cannot achieve success.
Point 2:
An effective leader should be confident enough to issue
directives and ensure followers follow them. Oozing with
confidence as a leader shows assertiveness and swagger to gain
respect from your followers.

Point 3:
For a leader to achieve success, he/she must be future oriented.
Such a leader must be able to anticipate what may happen in the
future and plan adequately. Changing environment can prove to
be very challenging to leaders who have not planned ahead.
Step 5: Use this table to record potentially useful quotes or
examples from your selected sources. Organize them according
to each major, supporting point from Step 4. Before
incorporating them into your essay, make absolutely certain that
all quotes are accurate (PROOFREAD!)
Source 1:
Source 2:
Source 3:
Point #1:
Quote 1:
Effective leaders must underscore the purpose and importance
of their work and motivate them with inspiring stories
Quote 1:
We believe that effective leaders are supportive, honest,
confident, consistent, fair, respectful, and compassionate.
Quote #1:
Leaders have to make decisions that influence themselves, their
teams, multi-billion dollar companies, and even the future of
countries
Quote 2:
Conventional thinking holds that our effectiveness as leaders is
primarily a function of what we have learned in the past—our

knowledge, expertise, and experience
Quote 2:
Honesty and integrity are two important ingredients which make
a good leader.
Quote #2:
Although classic leadership styles may predict team success,
they fail to account for the changing climate in which decisions
are made.
Source 1:
Source 2:
Source 3:
Point #2:
Quote 1:
What makes the future compelling is the embodiment of our
deepest convictions and ideals in our image of the future.
Quote 1:
To be an effective leader, you should be confident enough to
ensure that other follow your commands.
Quote #1:
Due to their position of power with many responsibilities,
leaders must constantly make important decisions that not only
affect themselves but others too.
Quote 2:
Each of us has an implicit leadership theory, a mental model of
what a good leader is and what exercising good leadership
entails.
Quote 2:
As a leader, you have to be oozing with confidence, show some

swagger and assertiveness to gain the respect of your
subordinates.
Quote #2:
Thus, leaders who can delegate effectively can benefit their
team or organization by not only reducing their own work and
stress, but also empowering subordinates or engaging
individuals within an organization who have the skills necessary
to complete a task better.
Source 1:
Source 2:
Source 3:
Point 3:
Quote 1:
primarily a function of what we have learned and achieved—our
skills, knowledge, expertise, and experience
Quote 1:
As a leader, one’s commitment to the future must go beyond
one’s individual agenda.
Quote #1:
While rational economic decision making sometimes has been
interpreted as individuals making choices that are in their self-
interest.
Quote 2:
No matter how daunting the circumstances we are confronting,
if we can “see” an aspired future that is achievable, we are
much more likely to be engaged and committed.
Quote 2:
While our focus thus far has been on the future, this is not to
imply that the past is irrelevant to leadership.

Quote #2:
are made
Approach #3
Synthesis Prewriting Graphic Organizer #1
Sources
A
B
C
D
E
F
Introduction
Material
Human beings are fundamentally future oriented. Most of our
decisions and undertakings are for the sake of a future to which
we are committed or obligated.
We are keen to gain insight into expectations of frontline staff
from their leaders and any barriers to effective leadership.
When making a decision that involves information acquisition,
people can be defined along a spectrum of maximizing and
satisficing decision making behavior.
Thesis
To enroll others in creating a better future, effective leaders
must underscore the purpose and importance of their work and
motivate them with inspiring stories.
Maximizing behavior is found to be unrelated to altruistic
preferences, fairness preferences, and honest behavior.

Best Supporting
Detail
To be an effective leader, one must be very honest and
communicate openly.
An effective leader should be confident enough to issue
directives and ensure followers follow them.
For a leader to achieve success, he/she must be future oriented.
Such a leader must be able to anticipate what may happen in the
future and plan adequately.
Points You Agree with
Leaders could fail to achieve success if they fail to
communicate openly.
Leaders must be confident, respectful and honest to achieve
success.
Effective leadersmust be able to influence the behaviors of their
followers to achieve a common goal.
Points You Disagree with
Effective Leaders do not need past knowledge.
Poor communicators can make effective leaders
The ability of a leader to influence followers alone can help
leaders achieve success.

Will you use this source?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Conversation Among Sources = Synthesis
1. What sources are similar in their positions? How so? List
the sources and explain how the sources work together.
The three sources selected in this paper are similar as they all
focus on the qualities of an effective leader. They include;
Souba, W., & Souba, M. (2018). How effective leaders harness
the future. Academic Medicine, 93(2), 166-171.
Mittal, S. (2019). Qualities of effective leaders: A staff survey.
Moskovitz, J. (2019). Choice, Traits, and Leadership: The
Effect of Decision-Making Strategy on Effective Leadership
Qualities (Doctoral dissertation).
2. What sources disagree with each other? How so? List the
sources and explain how the sources differ.
The three sources selected in this paper agree unanimously that
effective leaders need to have specific characteristics.
3. Write your thesis here. Which sources will you use to
support you?
For one to become an effective leader, he/ she should be honest,
confident and oriented towards a future. I’ll use the three
sources listed to support my thesis.
Alternative Graphic Organizer#2: Source Ideas and Text
Evidence
Title and Author of Text
Source A
Source B

Big Idea: What is the message that the author is trying to create
about real life?
The author is trying to argue that for once to succeed in life
they need to be future oriented.
According to the author, One needs to have the highest level of
honesty, confidence and respect to achieve life goals.
Text evidence to support author's message #1
This future orientation is essential to effective leadership in
health care, especially during this time of significant reform,
when people are at risk of becoming cynical and disengaged.
As a leader, you have to be oozing with confidence, show some
swagger and assertiveness to gain the respect of your
subordinates.
Text evidence to support author's message #2
Our story of the future becomes the “narrative frame” through
which we see and tackle leadership challenges today.
Text Evidence to support author's message #3
To live as a human being is to be oriented toward a future.
To be an effective leader, you should be confident enough to
ensure that other follow your commands.
Alternative Graphic Organizer #3: Source Ideas Summarized
Source (In citation format)
Main Idea 1.
Main idea 2
Main idea 3
Souba & Souba, (2018).
Human beings are inherently future oriented.
Effective leaders must underscore the purpose and importance
of their work and motivate them with inspiring stories

primarily a function of what we have learned and achieved—our
skills, knowledge, expertise, and experience
Mittal, (2019)
Honesty and integrity are two important ingredients which make
a good leader.
Moskovitz, (2019).
Leaders have to make decisions that influence themselves, their
teams, multi-billion dollar companies, and even the future of
countries
are made.
While rational economic decision making sometimes has been
interest.
Alternative Graphic Organizer #4: Your Ideas Supported By
Sources
Your Thesis:
Source A
Agrees/Disagrees? Quote to Prove?
Source B

Source C
Source D
Your Supporting Idea #1
Agrees
“What makes the future compelling is the embodiment of our
deepest convictions and ideals in our image of the future.”
Agrees
“Honesty and integrity are two important ingredients
which make a good leader”.
Agrees
“Although classic leadership styles may predict team success,
are made”.
Agrees
“Each of us has an implicit leadership theory, a mental model of
what a good leader is and what exercising good leadership
entails.”
Agrees
“To be an effective leader, you should be confident enough to
ensure that other follow your commands”.
Agrees
“Due to their position of power with many responsibilities,
leaders must constantly make important decisions that not only
affect themselves but others too.”

Agrees
“No matter how daunting the circumstances we are confronting,
if we can “see” an aspired future that is achievable, we are
much more likely to be engaged and committed.”
Agrees
“While our focus thus far has been on the future, this is not to
imply that the past is irrelevant to leadership”.
Agrees
“While rational economic decision making sometimes has been
interest”.
Synthesis Outline
I. Introduction
A. Use of an engaging opening strategy
B. Discussion of the prompt IN YOUR OWN WORDS!!!!
C. WHY this is an important idea/concern/issue to discuss
D. THESIS – Clear and To the Point
II. Body Paragraphs
A. SUPPORT POINT #1 - Use of ICED Strategy
1. ORIGINAL Topic Sentence (I)
2. Introductory phrase + Source that supports your idea (C)
3. Explanation/example from history, pop culture, personal
experience, etc (E)

4. Connection back to thesis/prompt – BE SPECIFIC (D)
B. SUPPORT POINT #2 - Use of ICED Strategy
6. Introductory phrase + Source that supports your idea –
different from the previous paragraph (C)
experience, etc (E)
8. Connection back to thesis/prompt – BE SPECIFIC BUT DO
NOT REPEAT YOUR THESIS VERBATIM (D)
C. SUPPORT POINT #3 - Use of ICED Strategy
10. Introductory phrase + Source that supports your idea (C)
experience, etc (E)
D. Rebuttal/Counterpoint SUPPORT POINT #4 - Use of ICED
Strategy
13. ORIGINAL Topic Sentence with transitions “Some people
feel or it can be argued”….HOWEVER (I)
14. Source that supports your idea (C)

experience, etc (E)
III. Conclusion
A. Reference back to your engaging opening strategy
B. WHY this is an important idea/concern/issue to discuss
C. Your final thoughts about the prompt with a clincher/zinger
statement
[email protected] Kristie-Anne Opaleski-DiMeo
All rights reserved by author.
Permission to copy for single classroom use only.
Electronic distribution limited to single classroom use only.
Not for public display
English 2367
Critical Analysis
Review of Various Arguments
Value: 20% of final grade
Length: At least 1,250 polished words
Format: Typed and appropriate for the rhetorical situation,
adhering to MLA or APA format

Deadlines for Process Work and Drafts: See the syllabus course
schedule
For the previous major assignment, you analyzed in detail the
argument strategies of one text associated with the topic you
plan to research for this course. You will consider drawing on
those rhetorical (writerly) strategies—and others—when you
compose your own argument on the topic in the Major Research
assignment. However, before composing your own argument
you need to find and analyze what others have researched and
argued on the topic. This Critical Analysis essay will help you
discover “what’s out there” on your topic—what has been
researched and written about—in preparation for the next
assignment, the Major Research assignment, in which you will
use evidence from sources and your own development strategies
to support your argument.
For this your second major assignment in our course inquiry of
“Everything’s an Argument,” you will conduct library research
to explore a variety of arguments that are made about your
topic. In your analysis you will still be interested in the ways
in which each author makes their arguments, as you were in the
previous assignment—how they say what they say. However,
your purpose in this critical analysis is to consider the texts you
find together to identify patterns, connections, themes, or trends
among them, as well as how each text’s argument affects your
understanding of the topic. Your stance may reveal your
interest in the topic, but your focus will be on analyzing the
texts and discussing how each one affects your thinking on the
topic. Questions your essay might consider include the
following: Which arguments among the texts are the strongest?
Are there any disagreements? Do some arguments recur? Are
there any themes among them? Do the texts use the same
terms—do they use them similarly or differently? What kinds
of evidence do they use for support? How are these texts

affecting your thinking on your topic? Have you discovered
new questions you need to investigate?
Your audience for this assignment includes your classmates and
instructor; however, your intended, target audience should be
people with some sort of interest in or expertise with your topic.
With such an audience you can be especially detailed in
discussing nuances among the texts, assuming readers will have
some background knowledge and interest.
Within the academic genre of argument analysis—including
MLA format—you may play with media and design elements to
help achieve your purpose for readers, including the use of
visuals.
Criteria for Evaluation
As with all major assignments in the course, you will be
evaluated using the standard English 2367 Writing Assignments
Grading Rubric. The following are additional major essay
requirementsspecific to this assignment and genre:
· Present a tightly focused topic—include the thesis (statement
of the topic + point of significance—the pattern, connection,
theme, or trend about the arguments on the topic you found
among the texts) toward the end or your introduction.
· Use accurate, well-researched information from at least three
credible and relevant secondary sources found using CSCC
library resources. You may use the text from your Textual
Response/Argument Analysis, if it is credible and relevant.
Encyclopedia entries and web sites, found using Internet search
engines like Google (.com, .org, .edu, etc.), are acceptable.
Quote and/or paraphrase and cite specific examples from each
text, but before doing so be sure to provide a brief summary of
each text.
· Show patterns in and relationships among the information by
synthesizing ideas.
· Use various writing and development strategies.

· Provide clear definitions for key terms as needed using your
sources rather than a dictionary.

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