This document discusses radio broadcasting and scriptwriting. It provides objectives and differentiates between print and broadcast journalism. Some key differences are that broadcast uses more conversational language, shorter lengths, and focuses on the most important details. It also covers technical considerations for writing broadcast scripts, such as using the "six Cs" of clear, concise writing and discussing the basic contexts of different types of broadcast news stories. Formatting of radio scripts is also outlined.

1. RADIO BROADCASTING and
SCRIPTWRITING
SHELTON B. CEMANES
shelton.cemanes@deped.gov.ph.

2. Objectives:
After this discussion, you are expected to have the ability to…
1. Differentiate Print from Broadcast Journalism;
2. determine the technical considerations in writing
a script in Radio Broadcasting; and
3. discuss the Basic Context of Broadcast
Journalism.

3. WRITING FOR THE EAR

4. The Six
“Cs”
CLEAR
CONCISE
CONVERSATIONAL
COMPLETE
CURRENT
CORRECT

5. Differentiating
PRINT and BROADCAST

6. PRINT VS. BROADCAST
PRINT BROADCAST
Structure Start from the most
important to the
least important
details
Every detail counts
Language Formal Conversational
Length Several
paragraphs/pages
55 to 70 words or 20
to 30

7. PRINT VS. BROADCAST
SIMILARITIES:
Both print and broadcast journalists are expected to:
 Report events
 Observe the same journalistic process
 Adhere to the tenets of journalism

8. • Print
Sen. Richard Gordon, Senate electoral
reforms chair, yesterday said the
Commission on Elections itself is the
major stumbling-block to the country's
leap from manual voting to automated
elections.
• Broadcast
Senator Richard Gordon says it's the
Comelec itself that's stopping the
country's bid for automated elections.
Example 1

9. • Print
Sen. Richard Gordon, Senate electoral
reforms chair, yesterday said the Comission
on Elections itself is the major stumbling-
block to the country's leap from manual
voting to automated elections.
• Broadcast
1. Sinabi ni Senador Richard Gordon na kaya
hindi maisulong ang automated elections ay
dahil mismong Comelec ang humahadlang
dito.
2. Sinabi ni Senador Richard Gordon na ang
Comelec ang pangunahing hadlang sa
pagsusulong ng automated elections
Example 2

10. • Print
In the affidavit that she submitted to the Senate
Blue Ribbon Committee on Monday, Napoles also
claimed that she gave campaign funds to Senators
Allan Peter Cayetano and Francis Escudero, which
both denied.
• Broadcast
1. Sinabi rin ni Napoles sa affidavit na kaniyang
isinumite sa Senado na nagbigay siya ng pera para
sa kampanya nina Senador Allan Peter Cayetano at
Francis Escudero.
2. Sinabi rin ni Napoles sa affidavit na kaniyang
isinumite sa Senado na nag-donate siya para sa
kampanya nina Senador Allan Peter Cayetano at
Francis Escudero.
Example 3

11. • Print
Dapat na maparusahan ang mga
sangkot sa pork barrel scam, ayon kay
Senador Juan Santos.
• Broadcast
Ayon kay Senador Juan Santos, dapat
na maparusahan ang mga sangkot sa
pork barrel scam.
Put attribution before the statement.

12. • Print
“THE BLAZE STARTED IN THE
KITCHEN.” THE FIRE CHIEF SAID.
• Broadcast
THE FIRE CHIEF SAYS THE BLAZE
STARTED IN THE KITCHEN.
Put attribution before the statement.

13. • Print
General Pedro dela Cruz, chief of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines says...
• Broadcast
Armed Forces Chief General Pedro de
la Cruz says...
Put titles before names.

14. POINTS TO REMEMBER
SHELTON B. CEMANES
shelton.cemanes@deped.gov.ph.

15. •History
State prosecutors yesterday asked
the Sandiganbayan Special Division to
end the plunder trial of deposed
President Estrada.
•News
State prosecutors have asked the
Sandiganbayan Special Division to end
the plunder trial of deposed President
Estrada.
Carry today’s news

16. • Sinabi kanina ng pangulo sa pulong
ng gabinete na...
• Ginunita kahapon ang...
Use it if necessary in a later paragraph
Omit the when from the lead

17. • Passive
The Philippine National Police has been
ordered by President Arroyo...
• Active
President Arroyo has ordered the
Philippine National Police...
• Di-Tuwid:
Ang pulisya ay inatasan.
• Tuwid:
Inatasan ni Pangulong Arroyo ang pulisya.
Use the active voice/tuwid na ayos

18. •Any uncommon word or name should
be spelled the way it sounds
Minister Xeally ( SE-li) declined the
invitation.
A tsunami ( su-NA-mi) has devastated
Phuket, Thailand.
Use phonetic spelling

19. •President Aquino not Pres. Aquino
•Senator Allan Peter Cayetano not Sen. Allan
Peter Cayetano
•Liutenant Sison not. Lt. Sison
Exception: Use courtesy titles Mr., Ms., Mrs.
as they are
Avoid abbreviations

20. • Spell out numbers
Labingwalong taon not 18 taon
• Spell out even the point in P1.5M
(one point five million pesos or better if one and a
half million pesos or isa't kalahating milyong peso
)
• Round off numbers except when the number
count is important to the story
(e.g. The death toll in a plane crash or in a sea
tragedy )
Make number easy to read

21. • Acceptable on first reference
N-B-I, M-M-D-A, PAGASA, PHIVOLCS
• For unfamiliar entities, give the full name
first then go to the acronym
Be careful with acronyms

22. •Use simple subject, simple predicate
•Don't start with a dependent clause
•Include only the most important
details
Write short, simple sentences

23. COMPLEX COMMON
Utilize Use
Proceed Go
Facilitate Help
Contribute Give
Majority Most
Reside Live
Summon Call
Use common words

24. Examples:
For the reason that because
At the present time now
Tendered his resignation resigned
Affixed his signature signed
United in holy matrimony married
Drop unnecessary words from phrases
or sentences.

25. The Basic Context of
Broadcast Journalism
SHELTON B. CEMANES
shelton.cemanes@deped.gov.ph.

26. Political News
– the most important thing to
remember about politics is that
it involves people.
The Basic
Context of
Broadcast
Journalism

27. Tragedy News
( Employing sensitivity )
The Basic
Context of
Broadcast
Journalism

28. Sports News
The Basic
Context of
Broadcast
Journalism

29. Business/Consumer News
The Basic
Context of
Broadcast
Journalism

30. Weather News
– has its own format which is
precise, direct to the point and
delivers facts and prediction
right on hand
The Basic
Context of
Broadcast
Journalism

31. •Make the story clear to the listeners
in 20 - 40 seconds
•Write simply, conversationally
•Don't describe your story as "good",
"bad", "sad", etc.
•Avoid saying magugunita or
matatandaan
•Don't use verbs other than sinabi
just to have "variety". Words like
inamin, kinumpirma tend to color
stories.
More tips

32. • One thought per sentence. People are
only half-listening most of the time .
Avoid complex sentence.
• Avoid jargons.
She is under the weather
Better: She is sick.
Loyalists soldiers neutralized the
rebel aircraft.
Better: Loyalist soldiers destroyed
the rebel aircraft.
More tips

33. •Make necessary marks on your script
for easy reading.
•Arrange the pages of your script
loosely.
•Be relaxed.
•Talk don't read.
•Speak spontaneously and
enthusiasticaly.
•Avoid great dependence on your script.
•Be ready for adlibs. Speak with acurate
pronunciation.
More tips

34. • Use a well modulated voice with varying
degrees of rate, pitch, intensity and
appropriate voice quality.
• Keep your tone alive and dynamic.
• Pause at the right places.
• Pronounce foreign words correctly and easily.
• Avoid dialectical pronunciation.
• Project your own personality and individual
style.
• Try to be yourself and not like someone else.
More tips

35. RADIO BROADCAST TEAM
(1)
Technical
Director
(1) Talent
(Infomerci
al)
(5) Talents
(News
Presenter
s)

36. SCRIPT FORMAT
1 INTRO MUSIC FADE UP…ESTAB…FADE UNDER FOR
2 VOICE OVER :
3 STATION ID :
4 THEME MUSIC FADE UP… ESTAB … FADE UNDER FOR …
5 ANCHOR :
6. :
7. :

37. SCRIPT FORMAT
8 THEME MUSIC FADE UP…ETAB…FADE UNDER FOR
9 ANCHOR :
10 SNEAK IN STINGER 1
11 :
12 SNEAK IN STINGER 1
13 :
14 SNEAK IN STINGER 1
15 :
16 :

38. SCRIPT FORMAT
17 SNEAK IN STINGER 1
18 :
19 :
20 THEME MUSIC FADE UP…ESTAB…FADE UNDER FOR

39. RADIO BROADCASTING and
SCRIPTWRITING
SHELTON B. CEMANES
shelton.cemanes@deped.gov.ph.