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The document contains 10 multiple choice questions about kidney function and the composition of blood in the renal artery and vein. Specifically, it addresses the differences in composition between the artery and vein, where filtration occurs, the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder, how substances move from the kidney filtrate back into the bloodstream, where the highest blood pressure is found, how water and glucose move back into the blood, what urea is a breakdown product of, where urea is produced, and the concentration of a person's urine if they have not consumed liquids for several hours.
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NSCI 281WEEK 7 FINAL EXAMUniversity of Phoenix MaterialFinal E.docx
NSCI 281WEEK 7 FINAL EXAM
University of Phoenix Material
Final Examination
Serum is ____ while albumin is ____.
a.
a blood gas; blood clots
b.
the liquid portion of blood; the cells
c.
mostly protein; the matrix
d.
site for antibodies; a regulator of blood osmolality
e.
the cellular portion of blood; acellular components
Which of the following is another name for WBC?
a.
erythrocyte
b.
reticulocyte
c.
leukocyte
d.
thrombocyte
e.
monocyte
In coagulation,
a.
platelets convert to fibrin.
b.
factor XII is activated.
c.
ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated.
d.
activated platelets are connected by fibrinogen.
e.
prostaglandin production is inhibited.
On the diagram of RBC production, what does "E" represent?
a.
increased blood oxygen
b.
decreased blood oxygen
c.
erythropoietin
d.
kidney
e.
red bone marrow
The atrium
a.
is a four-chambered muscular pump.
b.
is a thin walled, blood receiving chamber
c.
is posterior to the trachea.
d.
lies mostly to the right of the midline of the sternum.
e.
has a superior apex and an inferior base.
Blood in the right ventricle will enter the _____.
a.
Aorta
b.
right atrium
c.
pulmonary arteries
d.
pulmonary trunk
e.
pulmonary veins
Which of the following is matched correctly?
a.
closure of sodium channels – threshold
b.
opening of calcium slow channels - repolarization
c.
closing of calcium slow channels - plateau phase
d.
opening of potassium channels – depolarization
e.
opening of sodium fast channels – depolarization
Closure of the aortic valve would give rise to
a.
the first heart sound.
b.
the second heart sound.
c.
a heart murmur.
d.
an extra heart beat.
e.
end-systolic volume.
Identify structure "B" on the heart diagram.
a.
left atrium
b.
aortic semilunar valve
c.
bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.
right atrium
e.
pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary blood vessels transport blood
a.
from the left ventricle to the lungs.
b.
from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium.
c.
from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.
d.
from the right ventricle through the lungs to the right atrium.
e.
from the right ventricle through the lungs to the left atrium.
Arteries
a.
have thick, many layered walls
b.
carry blood away from the heart.
c.
carry blood under very high pressure.
d.
may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.
e.
are described as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood.
Veins that return blood from the digestive organs drain into the
a.
brachiocephalic vein.
b.
superior vena cava.
c.
hepatic portal vein.
d.
azygos vein.
e.
pulmonary arteries.
When the blood pressure is high, normal blood vessels will
a.
collapse.
b.
expand.
c.
be hypotensive.
d.
increase in blood flow.
e.
increase in peripheral resistance.
The lymphatic system differs from the cardiovascular system in that
a.
the lymph capillaries do not normally contain formed elements.
b.
.
Week Six Quiz NSCI281 Version 53University of Phoenix Mat.docx
Week Six Quiz
NSCI/281 Version 5
3
University of Phoenix Material
Week Six Quiz
Chapter 26 Urinary System
1. Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?
a. urine storage
b. excretion of waste
c. maintenance of fluid balance
d. regulate synthesis of vitamin D
e. regulate synthesis of RBCs
2. The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the
a. vasa recta.
b. glomerulus.
c. peritubular capillary.
d. proximal convoluted capillary.
e. efferent arteriole.
3. Choose the term that does not belong.
a. glomerulus
b. macula densa
c. juxtaglomerular cells
d. juxtaglomerular apparatus
e. afferent arteriole
4. The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the
a. glomerulus.
b. afferent arteriole.
c. efferent arteriole.
d. peritubular capillary.
e. interlobular artery.
5. The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the
a. renal fraction.
b. filtration fraction.
c. clearance fraction.
d. glomerular flow rate.
e. cardiac fraction.
6. Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. descending loop of Henle.
c. ascending loop of Henle.
d. distal convolute tubule.
e. collecting duct.
7. Urea is
a. secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule.
b. diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle.
c. completely reabsorbed by the nephron.
d. actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct.
e. None of these choices is correct.
8. A countercurrent mechanism is in
a. the afferent and efferent arterioles.
b. the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
c. the proximal and distal tubules.
d. the loop of Henle only.
e. both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.
9. Filtrate reabsorption, which is not under hormonal control, is referred to as
a. active.
b. obligatory.
c. facultative.
d. countercurrent.
e. nonessential.
10. Angiotensin II
a. is a potent vasodilator.
b. stimulates aldosterone secretion.
c. is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin.
d. acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water.
e. decreases blood pressure.
Chapter 27 Water Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance
1. Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?
a. plasma
b. interstitial compartment
c. intracellular compartment
d. extracellular compartment
e. cytoplasm
2. One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.
a. protein
b. bicarbonate
c. chloride
d. water volume
e. hydrogen ions
3. Which of the following events occurs last?
a. release of renin by the kidney
b. release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
c. sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules
d. angiotensinogen ( angiotensin I
e. angiotensin I ( angiotensin II
4. Increased ADH secretion could be stimul.
Recommended
NSCI 281WEEK 7 FINAL EXAMUniversity of Phoenix MaterialFinal E.docx
NSCI 281WEEK 7 FINAL EXAM
University of Phoenix Material
Final Examination
Serum is ____ while albumin is ____.
a.
a blood gas; blood clots
b.
the liquid portion of blood; the cells
c.
mostly protein; the matrix
d.
site for antibodies; a regulator of blood osmolality
e.
the cellular portion of blood; acellular components
Which of the following is another name for WBC?
a.
erythrocyte
b.
reticulocyte
c.
leukocyte
d.
thrombocyte
e.
monocyte
In coagulation,
a.
platelets convert to fibrin.
b.
factor XII is activated.
c.
ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated.
d.
activated platelets are connected by fibrinogen.
e.
prostaglandin production is inhibited.
On the diagram of RBC production, what does "E" represent?
a.
increased blood oxygen
b.
decreased blood oxygen
c.
erythropoietin
d.
kidney
e.
red bone marrow
The atrium
a.
is a four-chambered muscular pump.
b.
is a thin walled, blood receiving chamber
c.
is posterior to the trachea.
d.
lies mostly to the right of the midline of the sternum.
e.
has a superior apex and an inferior base.
Blood in the right ventricle will enter the _____.
a.
Aorta
b.
right atrium
c.
pulmonary arteries
d.
pulmonary trunk
e.
pulmonary veins
Which of the following is matched correctly?
a.
closure of sodium channels – threshold
b.
opening of calcium slow channels - repolarization
c.
closing of calcium slow channels - plateau phase
d.
opening of potassium channels – depolarization
e.
opening of sodium fast channels – depolarization
Closure of the aortic valve would give rise to
a.
the first heart sound.
b.
the second heart sound.
c.
a heart murmur.
d.
an extra heart beat.
e.
end-systolic volume.
Identify structure "B" on the heart diagram.
a.
left atrium
b.
aortic semilunar valve
c.
bicuspid (mitral) valve
d.
right atrium
e.
pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary blood vessels transport blood
a.
from the left ventricle to the lungs.
b.
from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium.
c.
from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.
d.
from the right ventricle through the lungs to the right atrium.
e.
from the right ventricle through the lungs to the left atrium.
Arteries
a.
have thick, many layered walls
b.
carry blood away from the heart.
c.
carry blood under very high pressure.
d.
may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.
e.
are described as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood.
Veins that return blood from the digestive organs drain into the
a.
brachiocephalic vein.
b.
superior vena cava.
c.
hepatic portal vein.
d.
azygos vein.
e.
pulmonary arteries.
When the blood pressure is high, normal blood vessels will
a.
collapse.
b.
expand.
c.
be hypotensive.
d.
increase in blood flow.
e.
increase in peripheral resistance.
The lymphatic system differs from the cardiovascular system in that
a.
the lymph capillaries do not normally contain formed elements.
b.
.
Week Six Quiz NSCI281 Version 53University of Phoenix Mat.docx
Week Six Quiz
NSCI/281 Version 5
3
University of Phoenix Material
Week Six Quiz
Chapter 26 Urinary System
1. Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?
a. urine storage
b. excretion of waste
c. maintenance of fluid balance
d. regulate synthesis of vitamin D
e. regulate synthesis of RBCs
2. The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the
a. vasa recta.
b. glomerulus.
c. peritubular capillary.
d. proximal convoluted capillary.
e. efferent arteriole.
3. Choose the term that does not belong.
a. glomerulus
b. macula densa
c. juxtaglomerular cells
d. juxtaglomerular apparatus
e. afferent arteriole
4. The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the
a. glomerulus.
b. afferent arteriole.
c. efferent arteriole.
d. peritubular capillary.
e. interlobular artery.
5. The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the
a. renal fraction.
b. filtration fraction.
c. clearance fraction.
d. glomerular flow rate.
e. cardiac fraction.
6. Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. descending loop of Henle.
c. ascending loop of Henle.
d. distal convolute tubule.
e. collecting duct.
7. Urea is
a. secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule.
b. diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle.
c. completely reabsorbed by the nephron.
d. actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct.
e. None of these choices is correct.
8. A countercurrent mechanism is in
a. the afferent and efferent arterioles.
b. the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
c. the proximal and distal tubules.
d. the loop of Henle only.
e. both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.
9. Filtrate reabsorption, which is not under hormonal control, is referred to as
a. active.
b. obligatory.
c. facultative.
d. countercurrent.
e. nonessential.
10. Angiotensin II
a. is a potent vasodilator.
b. stimulates aldosterone secretion.
c. is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin.
d. acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water.
e. decreases blood pressure.
Chapter 27 Water Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance
1. Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?
a. plasma
b. interstitial compartment
c. intracellular compartment
d. extracellular compartment
e. cytoplasm
2. One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.
a. protein
b. bicarbonate
c. chloride
d. water volume
e. hydrogen ions
3. Which of the following events occurs last?
a. release of renin by the kidney
b. release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
c. sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules
d. angiotensinogen ( angiotensin I
e. angiotensin I ( angiotensin II
4. Increased ADH secretion could be stimul.
Week Six Quiz NSCI281 Version 51University of Phoenix Mat.docx
Week Six Quiz
NSCI/281 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week Six Quiz
Chapter 26 Urinary System
1. Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?
a. urine storage
b. excretion of waste
c. maintenance of fluid balance
d. regulate synthesis of vitamin D
e. regulate synthesis of RBCs
2. The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the
a. vasa recta.
b. glomerulus.
c. peritubular capillary.
d. proximal convoluted capillary.
e. efferent arteriole.
3. Choose the term that does not belong.
a. glomerulus
b. macula densa
c. juxtaglomerular cells
d. juxtaglomerular apparatus
e. afferent arteriole
4. The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the
a. glomerulus.
b. afferent arteriole.
c. efferent arteriole.
d. peritubular capillary.
e. interlobular artery.
5. The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the
a. renal fraction.
b. filtration fraction.
c. clearance fraction.
d. glomerular flow rate.
e. cardiac fraction.
6. Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. descending loop of Henle.
c. ascending loop of Henle.
d. distal convolute tubule.
e. collecting duct.
7. Urea is
a. secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule.
b. diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle.
c. completely reabsorbed by the nephron.
d. actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct.
e. None of these choices is correct.
8. A countercurrent mechanism is in
a. the afferent and efferent arterioles.
b. the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
c. the proximal and distal tubules.
d. the loop of Henle only.
e. both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.
9. Filtrate reabsorption, which is not under hormonal control, is referred to as
a. active.
b. obligatory.
c. facultative.
d. countercurrent.
e. nonessential.
10. Angiotensin II
a. is a potent vasodilator.
b. stimulates aldosterone secretion.
c. is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin.
d. acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water.
e. decreases blood pressure.
Chapter 27 Water Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance
1. Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?
a. plasma
b. interstitial compartment
c. intracellular compartment
d. extracellular compartment
e. cytoplasm
2. One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.
a. protein
b. bicarbonate
c. chloride
d. water volume
e. hydrogen ions
3. Which of the following events occurs last?
a. release of renin by the kidney
b. release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
c. sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules
d. angiotensinogen ( angiotensin I
e. angiotensin I ( angiotensin II
4. Increased ADH secretion could be stimul.
In _________________, substances move from an area of high concentra.pdf
In _________________, substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration. In ____________, water is the substance that is moving from a high to a low
concentration of water.
A. osmosis, diffusion
B. diffusion, osmosis
C. active transport, passive transport
D. diffusion, filtration
Which of the following best describes the function of hepatic portal circulation?
A. circulatory route to allow the passage of arterial blood form the GI tract to the liver
B. circulatory route to allow venous blood to bypass the liver on its way back to the ingerior
vena cava
c. circulatory route to allow for venous blood form the GI tract to be routed to the liver before
returning to the inferior vena cava
D. Circulatory route allowing for the delivery of oxygenated blood from the liver to the GI tract
organs.
The myelin sheath in the central nervous system is provided by which of the following neuroglial
cells?
A. Schwann cells
B. Microglial cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal cells
In _______________ metabolism, the conversion of glucose to pyruvate releases ATP. This type
of metabolism provides energy when there is a reduction of _____________ available for the
cell.
A. anaerobic, oxygen
B. anergic, carbonic acid
C. aerobic, glucose
D. anaerobic, ADP
Why do most cells in the body require oxygen molecules?
A. Glucose cannot be broken down without oxygen.
B. Oxygen is generated by the conversion of pyruvic acid to oxaloacetic acid in the Kreb\'s
cycle.
C. The electron transport system must pump oxygen through the inner membrane for
chemiosmosis.
D. ATP synthase uses oxygen to add a phosphate ion to ADP in order to make ATP.
E. Oxygen accepts electrons from the electron transport chain in oxidative phosporylation.
F. All of the above
A. osmosis, diffusion
B. diffusion, osmosis
C. active transport, passive transport
D. diffusion, filtration
Which of the following best describes the function of hepatic portal circulation?
Solution
1]
In diffusion, substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration. In osmosis, water is the substance that is moving from a high to a low
concentration of water.
Example of diffusion is opening a perfume bottle and the smell spreads across the room
2]
Which of the following best describes the function of hepatic portal circulation?
C. circulatory route to allow for venous blood form the GI tract to be routed to the liver before
returning to the inferior vena cava
Another name for the hepatic portal system is the portal venous system. The purpose of hepatic
portal circulation is to deliver blood from some parts of the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. In
other words, blood is drained from the digestive organs and the spleen, gall bladder, and
pancreas and the blood is then delivered to the liver. The vein that is used for this process is the
hepatic portal vein.
3]
The myelin sheath in the central nervous system is provided by which of the following neuroglial
cells.
Biological science Comprehensive LET Reviewer
Compiled across different sources
note: I do not own this file
Urinary notes dr shashikant im well pvt ltd
I. Major Structures and Organs
A. Kidneys- pair of glandular organs, which remove, waste products from the blood to form urine
B. Ureters- muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
C. Urinary Bladder- muscular sac that stores urine until micturation can occur.
D. Urethra- tube like structure which conveys urine outside the body.
Biol 100 Fall 2017 GrayName______________.docx
Biol 100 Fall 2017 Gray
Name_____________________________________________ Hour _________
1. The regulation of which of the following is NOT part of maintaining homeostasis?
A. blood-glucose levels
B. salt concentration of body fluids
C. blood pressure
D. body temperature
E. body weight
2. Put the following into the correct order from least complex to most complex: organ systems, tissues, organs, cells.
A. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
B. organs, cells, organ systems, tissues.
C. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems.
D. cells, tissues, organ systems, organs.
E. organ systems, organs, cells, tissues.
3. Please pick the most correct answer. _____ is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal body temperature.
A. Physiology
B. Homeoregulation
C. Thermoregulation
D. Metabolism
E. Homeostasis
4. Which of the following is an example of an ectotherm?
A. whale
B. gecko
C. kangaroo mouse
D. fruit bat
E. artic fox
5. An increased concentration of red blood cells in the blood in response to high altitude is an example of
A. metastasis
B. acclimatization.
C. thermoregulation.
D. osmoregulation.
E. vasodilation.
6. When blood sugar rises after a meal, the pancreas releases insulin. This causes cells to take up excess glucose. When blood sugar falls, glucagon is released from the pancreas. This causes cells to break down glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the blood. Which of the following aspects of this system best explains why it is an example of homeostasis?
A. The release of insulin causes blood sugar levels to fall.
B. The release of glucagon causes blood sugar levels to rise.
C. The pancreas and liver work together as an organ system.
D. The system works to keep blood sugar levels within a narrow range.
E. Insulin and glucagon are enzymes that only work within a narrow range of temperatures.
7. Because of ________, hands, feet, and noses get cold before the rest of the body does.
A. vasoconcentration
B. vasoconstriction
C. vasodilation
D. pH regulation
E. insulin
8. When the body is overheated,
A. blood vessels near the skin surface will dilate.
B. lymph nodes will shrink.
C. the body will produce more blood to cool itself.
D. the heart will pause every few beats to reduce blood flow.
E. the body will begin to shiver.
9. What functions as the body’s “thermostat?”
A. The endocrine system.
B. the hypothalamus.
C. the nephron
D. Bowman’s capsule
E. pressure sensors in valves.
10. At the State Fair, you have a snow cone, some cotton candy, an elephant ear, part of a hotdog, and some deep-fried Oreos. This series of dietary choices involves more sugar than your cells are going to be able to use, at least immediately. The remainder will be stored in muscle tissue and your liver as
A. protein
B. glycogen
C. amino acids
D. glucagon
E. bile
11. Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive system.
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Week Six Quiz NSCI281 Version 51University of Phoenix Mat.docx
Week Six Quiz
NSCI/281 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week Six Quiz
Chapter 26 Urinary System
1. Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?
a. urine storage
b. excretion of waste
c. maintenance of fluid balance
d. regulate synthesis of vitamin D
e. regulate synthesis of RBCs
2. The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the
a. vasa recta.
b. glomerulus.
c. peritubular capillary.
d. proximal convoluted capillary.
e. efferent arteriole.
3. Choose the term that does not belong.
a. glomerulus
b. macula densa
c. juxtaglomerular cells
d. juxtaglomerular apparatus
e. afferent arteriole
4. The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the
a. glomerulus.
b. afferent arteriole.
c. efferent arteriole.
d. peritubular capillary.
e. interlobular artery.
5. The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the
a. renal fraction.
b. filtration fraction.
c. clearance fraction.
d. glomerular flow rate.
e. cardiac fraction.
6. Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. descending loop of Henle.
c. ascending loop of Henle.
d. distal convolute tubule.
e. collecting duct.
7. Urea is
a. secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule.
b. diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle.
c. completely reabsorbed by the nephron.
d. actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct.
e. None of these choices is correct.
8. A countercurrent mechanism is in
a. the afferent and efferent arterioles.
b. the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
c. the proximal and distal tubules.
d. the loop of Henle only.
e. both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.
9. Filtrate reabsorption, which is not under hormonal control, is referred to as
a. active.
b. obligatory.
c. facultative.
d. countercurrent.
e. nonessential.
10. Angiotensin II
a. is a potent vasodilator.
b. stimulates aldosterone secretion.
c. is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin.
d. acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water.
e. decreases blood pressure.
Chapter 27 Water Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance
1. Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?
a. plasma
b. interstitial compartment
c. intracellular compartment
d. extracellular compartment
e. cytoplasm
2. One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.
a. protein
b. bicarbonate
c. chloride
d. water volume
e. hydrogen ions
3. Which of the following events occurs last?
a. release of renin by the kidney
b. release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
c. sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules
d. angiotensinogen ( angiotensin I
e. angiotensin I ( angiotensin II
4. Increased ADH secretion could be stimul.
In _________________, substances move from an area of high concentra.pdf
In _________________, substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration. In ____________, water is the substance that is moving from a high to a low
concentration of water.
A. osmosis, diffusion
B. diffusion, osmosis
C. active transport, passive transport
D. diffusion, filtration
Which of the following best describes the function of hepatic portal circulation?
A. circulatory route to allow the passage of arterial blood form the GI tract to the liver
B. circulatory route to allow venous blood to bypass the liver on its way back to the ingerior
vena cava
c. circulatory route to allow for venous blood form the GI tract to be routed to the liver before
returning to the inferior vena cava
D. Circulatory route allowing for the delivery of oxygenated blood from the liver to the GI tract
organs.
The myelin sheath in the central nervous system is provided by which of the following neuroglial
cells?
A. Schwann cells
B. Microglial cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal cells
In _______________ metabolism, the conversion of glucose to pyruvate releases ATP. This type
of metabolism provides energy when there is a reduction of _____________ available for the
cell.
A. anaerobic, oxygen
B. anergic, carbonic acid
C. aerobic, glucose
D. anaerobic, ADP
Why do most cells in the body require oxygen molecules?
A. Glucose cannot be broken down without oxygen.
B. Oxygen is generated by the conversion of pyruvic acid to oxaloacetic acid in the Kreb\'s
cycle.
C. The electron transport system must pump oxygen through the inner membrane for
chemiosmosis.
D. ATP synthase uses oxygen to add a phosphate ion to ADP in order to make ATP.
E. Oxygen accepts electrons from the electron transport chain in oxidative phosporylation.
F. All of the above
A. osmosis, diffusion
B. diffusion, osmosis
C. active transport, passive transport
D. diffusion, filtration
Which of the following best describes the function of hepatic portal circulation?
Solution
1]
In diffusion, substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration. In osmosis, water is the substance that is moving from a high to a low
concentration of water.
Example of diffusion is opening a perfume bottle and the smell spreads across the room
2]
Which of the following best describes the function of hepatic portal circulation?
C. circulatory route to allow for venous blood form the GI tract to be routed to the liver before
returning to the inferior vena cava
Another name for the hepatic portal system is the portal venous system. The purpose of hepatic
portal circulation is to deliver blood from some parts of the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. In
other words, blood is drained from the digestive organs and the spleen, gall bladder, and
pancreas and the blood is then delivered to the liver. The vein that is used for this process is the
hepatic portal vein.
3]
The myelin sheath in the central nervous system is provided by which of the following neuroglial
cells.
Biological science Comprehensive LET Reviewer
Compiled across different sources
note: I do not own this file
Urinary notes dr shashikant im well pvt ltd
I. Major Structures and Organs
A. Kidneys- pair of glandular organs, which remove, waste products from the blood to form urine
B. Ureters- muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
C. Urinary Bladder- muscular sac that stores urine until micturation can occur.
D. Urethra- tube like structure which conveys urine outside the body.
Biol 100 Fall 2017 GrayName______________.docx
Biol 100 Fall 2017 Gray
Name_____________________________________________ Hour _________
1. The regulation of which of the following is NOT part of maintaining homeostasis?
A. blood-glucose levels
B. salt concentration of body fluids
C. blood pressure
D. body temperature
E. body weight
2. Put the following into the correct order from least complex to most complex: organ systems, tissues, organs, cells.
A. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
B. organs, cells, organ systems, tissues.
C. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems.
D. cells, tissues, organ systems, organs.
E. organ systems, organs, cells, tissues.
3. Please pick the most correct answer. _____ is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal body temperature.
A. Physiology
B. Homeoregulation
C. Thermoregulation
D. Metabolism
E. Homeostasis
4. Which of the following is an example of an ectotherm?
A. whale
B. gecko
C. kangaroo mouse
D. fruit bat
E. artic fox
5. An increased concentration of red blood cells in the blood in response to high altitude is an example of
A. metastasis
B. acclimatization.
C. thermoregulation.
D. osmoregulation.
E. vasodilation.
6. When blood sugar rises after a meal, the pancreas releases insulin. This causes cells to take up excess glucose. When blood sugar falls, glucagon is released from the pancreas. This causes cells to break down glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the blood. Which of the following aspects of this system best explains why it is an example of homeostasis?
A. The release of insulin causes blood sugar levels to fall.
B. The release of glucagon causes blood sugar levels to rise.
C. The pancreas and liver work together as an organ system.
D. The system works to keep blood sugar levels within a narrow range.
E. Insulin and glucagon are enzymes that only work within a narrow range of temperatures.
7. Because of ________, hands, feet, and noses get cold before the rest of the body does.
A. vasoconcentration
B. vasoconstriction
C. vasodilation
D. pH regulation
E. insulin
8. When the body is overheated,
A. blood vessels near the skin surface will dilate.
B. lymph nodes will shrink.
C. the body will produce more blood to cool itself.
D. the heart will pause every few beats to reduce blood flow.
E. the body will begin to shiver.
9. What functions as the body’s “thermostat?”
A. The endocrine system.
B. the hypothalamus.
C. the nephron
D. Bowman’s capsule
E. pressure sensors in valves.
10. At the State Fair, you have a snow cone, some cotton candy, an elephant ear, part of a hotdog, and some deep-fried Oreos. This series of dietary choices involves more sugar than your cells are going to be able to use, at least immediately. The remainder will be stored in muscle tissue and your liver as
A. protein
B. glycogen
C. amino acids
D. glucagon
E. bile
11. Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive system.
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Quiz maker
- 1. Questions and Answers 1. Differences between the composition of blood in the renal artery and renal vein include A. The artery has more urea B. The artery has much more glucose C. The artery has less water D. The artery has more haemoglobin 2. Fitration occurs in A. In the bladder B. Between kidney filtrate and blood plasma C. In the ureter D. Between blood plasma and kidney filtrate 3. The tube connecting a kidney to the bladder is called A. Urethra B. Ureter C. Artery D. Nephron 4. Which word bestdescribes the movement of substances from the kidney filtrate into blood A. Filtration B. Active transport C. Reabsorption D. Absorption 5. The highest pressure is in the A. Renal vein B. Renal artery C. Nephron D. Bladder
- 2. 6. Water moves from the kidney filtrate back to blood by A. Diffusion B. Active transport C. Osmosis D. Gravity 7. Glucose moves from the kidney filtrate back to blood by A. Diffusion B. Active transport C. Osmosis D. Gravity 8. Urea is the breakdown productof A. Protein B. Carbohydrate C. Lipid D. Vitamins 9. Urea is produced in the A. Kidney B. Stomach C. Brain D. Liver 10. The urine produced bya person who has consumed no liquids for several hours will be A. Identical to blood concentration B. Lower than blood concentration C. Higher than blood concentration D. No urine is produced