SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Yk?kqÙkjkRed iz'u
1 foØ; izns'k ls vki D;k le>rs gks mldh fo'ks"krk;sa crkvks
m- dksbZ Hkh laLFkk vius cktkj dk O;ofLFkr fu;kstu rFkk fu;a=.k djus ds m}s'; ls vius
lEiw.kZ cktkj dks vusd NksVh&NksVh bdkb;ksa esa foHkDr dj ldrh gS( cktkj dh bu
NksVh&NksVh bdkb;ksa esa foHkDr dj ldrh gS( cktkj dh bu NksVh&NksVh bdkb;ksa
dks gh foØ; izns'k dgrs gSA buesa foØ; izcU/kdksa dks cktkj lEHkkoukvksa dks Kkr djus
foØ; iwokZuqeku djus] foØ; ctV cukus foØ; dksVk fu/kkZfjr djus esa lqfo/kk gksrh gSA
foØ; & izns'k& ifjHkk"kk
foØ; izzns'k ls rkRi;Z fo|eku rFkk Hkkoh xzkgdksa ds ml lewg ls gS tks fdlh HkkSXkksfyd
{ks= esa fuokl djrk gSA RkFkk ftls fdlh foi.ku bdkbZ dks lkSai tkrk gSA
izks- dsUQhYM& ÞfoØ; izns'k ,d HkkSxksfyd {ks= gS ftlesa os fo|eku rFkk
lEHkkR; xzkgd gksrs gS ftudh lsok fdlh ,d foØ;drkZ] 'kk[kk vFkok forjd }kjk dh tk
ldsAÞ
D;wVsy& Þ ,d foØ; izns'k esa xzkgdksa dk ,d lewg ;k HkkSxksfyd {ks= lfEefyr gS
tks fdlh foØ; O;fDr dks lkSik tkrk gS ] izns'k dh dksbZ HkkSxksfyd lhek gks Hkh
ldrh gS rFkk ugha HkhAÞ
foØ; izns'k fo|eku rFkk leekR; xzkgdksa dk og lewg gS tks fd fdlh fo'ks"k HkkSxksfyd
{ks= esa fuokl djrk gS rFkk bldh lsok dk Hkkj fdlh fof'k"V foØ;drkZ ] 'kk[kk dk;kZy; O;kikjh
rFkk forjd dks lkSik tkrk gSA
fo'ks"krk;s&
 foØ; izns'k laLFkk ds fo|eku rFkk lEHkkR; xzkgdksa ds lewg gSA
 izR;sd laLFkk esa vko';drkuqlkj ,sls vusd lewg cuk;s tk ldrs gSA
 izR;sd lewg dh ,d HkkSxksfyd lhek Hkh gks ldrh gSA
 izR;sd foØ; izns'k fdlh ,d foi.ku bdkbZ dks lkSik tkrk gSA
 foØ; izns'k ds fuekZ.k dk mn~ns'; laLFkk esa foØ; fu;kstu ,oa fu;a=.k vklku cukuk
gksrk gSA
2 miHkksDrk euksfoKku dks ifjHkk"kk lfgr le>kb;s
m- miHkksDrk euksfoKku ConsumerPsychology)
izLrkouk& "A sale ismade not inthe mindof the longer"Russel
miHkksDrk euksfoKku 'kCn dk tUe euksfoKku ds lkFk miHkksDrk 'kCn dks
tksM++us ls gqvk gS( vr% bl 'kCn dks le>us ls iwoZ ge euksfoKku dks le>us dk iz;kl djrs
gSA
euksfoKku 'kCn vaxszth dh 'kCn ls cuk gS A ftldk vFkZ gS vkRek dk efLr"d rks
euksfoKku Kku dh og 'kk[kk gS tks vkRek ;k efLr"d ;k nksuks dk v/;;u ,oa fo'ys"k.k djrh
gSA
ifjHkk"kk;sa&
oqMoFkZ& ÞeuksfoKku okrkoj.k ds lanHkZ esa fdlh O;fDr dh fdz;kvksa dk v/;;u
gSAÞ
fnfDdu& ÞmiHkksDRkk euksfoKku yksxksa ds ml O;ogkj esa lEcfU/kr gS tc os
viuh vFkZO;oLFkk esa miHkksDrk dh Hkwfedk dks fuHkk jgs gksrs gSA
3 foØ; lao)Zu ls vki D;k le>rs gS bldh izd`fr dks Li"V dhft;s
m- foØ; lao)Zu izd`fr] foKkiu ,oa foØ; lao)Zu esa vUrj] foØ; lao)Zu ,oa oS;fDrd foØ;
esa vUrj] foØ; lao)Zu dh Hkwfedk foØ; lao)Zu feJ.k dk ,d izeq[k ?kVd gS foØ; lao)Zu dk
egRo le; ds lkFk c<+rk tkrk gSA Qyr% bldh ifjHkk"kkvksa esa Hkh ifjorZu ,oa la'kks/ku
fd;k tkrk jgk gS foØ; lao)Zu esa O;fDrxr foØ; foKkiu rFkk izpkj ds vfrfjDr mu lHkh
fØ;kvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA tks miHkksDrk dks Ø; gsrq rFkk O;kikjh dks
izHkko'khyrk dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
ifjHkk"kk& gkWifdUl& foKkiu ,oa foØ; izfØ;kvksa dks izHkkodkjh cukus ds fy;s ftu
laxfBr rRoksa dh lgk;rk yh tkrh gS] mUgsa foØ; lao)Zu dks lfEefyr djrs gSÞ
"Those marketing activities, other than personal selling, advertisement and publicity that
stimulate, advertisement and publicity that stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness,
such as displays shows and various non recruitment selling efforts not in the ordinary routine"
AmericanMarketingAssociation
foØ; lao)Zu dh izd`fr& foØ; lao)Zu dh fuEu izd`fr;ka gSA
1 ;g lao)ZukRed feJ.k dk vax gSA
2 ;g foØ; lao)Zu dk {ks= gSA
3 vukorhZ fØ;k;sa
4 ;g lk/kkj.k fnup;kZ dk vax ugha gSA
5 leUo;dkjh fØ;k;sa
6 foKkiu dh izHkko'khyrk ds ;ksxnku
7 ;g ,d m}s'; gSA
8 foKkiu lao)Zu dyk ,oa foKku nksuks gSA
4 foØ; lao)Zu dks Li"V dhft;s rFkk foØ; lao)Zu lk/kuksa dk oxhZdj.k dhft;s
m- vk/kqfud ;qok esa foØ; lao)Zu lk/kuksa ,oaf of/k;ksa dh dksbZ fuf'pr lhek ugha jg
xbZ( dksbZ Hkh fuekZrk ;k O;kikjh tgka Hkh volj ns[krk gSA foØ; lao)Zu lk/kuksa dk
mi;ksx dj ysrk gSA
foØ; lao)Zu dh vusd fof/k;ka gaSA
foØ; lao)Zu lk/kuksa dk oxhZdj.k&
1 [khap ;k vkd.khZ fof/k;ka
2 /kDdk fof/k;ka
3 [khap /kDdk fof/k;ka
1 [khap fof/k;ka& os foØ; lao/kZu fof/k;ksa ftuds }kjk vfUre miHkksDrkvksa dks
mRikn ;k lsok ds Ø; ds fy;s vkdf"kZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA mUgs [khap fof/k;ka dgrs
gSA
2 /kDdk fof/k;ka& os fof/k;ka ftuds }kjk fuekZrk viuh mRikn dh ekax mRiUu djus
gsrq e/;LFkksa rFkk foØsrkvksa dks izsfjr djrk gSA
3 [khap /kDdk fof/k;ka& tc foØ; lao/kZu dh vkdf"kZr ,oa izsjd fof/k;ksa dks la;qDr
:I ls viuk;k tkrk gS rks mUgsa [khap /kDdk fof/k;ka dgk tkrk gSA
foØ; lao)Zu ds izdkj
foØ; lao)Zu ds L=ksr ds vk/kkj ij foØ; lao)Zu fuEufyf[kr nks izdkj gks ldrk gSA
1 fuekZrk foØ; lao)Zu & tc fuekZrk foØ; lao)Zu rduhdksa dks fuekZrk }kjk viuk;k ;k iz;ksftr
fd;k tkrk gS mls fuekZrk lao)Zu dgrs gSA bl izdkj lao)Zu esa fuEu izdkj dk foØ; lao)Zu lfEefyr
gS&
2 QqVdj O;kikjh ;k LVksj foØ; lao)Zu& tc foØ; lao)Zu dh fof/k;ka ,oa rduhdh dh fdlh
QqVdj O;kikjh }kjk viuk;k
5 fu;kZr foØ; lao)Zu ds m}s';ksa rFkk fof/k;ksa dks Li"V dhft;s
m- fu;kZr lao)Zu esa rks os lHkh mik; lfEefyr fd;s tkrs gS] ftuesa fu;kZr gsrq mRiknu
rFkk fu;kZrksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS( tcfd fu;kZr foØ; lao/kZu esa ge dsoy mu
vYidkyhu,oa vLFkk;h foU;klksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS ftuls fons'kksa esa eky ds foØ;
lao)Zu esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
fu;kZr foØ; lao)Zu dh fof/k;ka & fu;kZr foØ; lao)Zu ds fy;s vusd mik; fd;s tkrs gS rFkk
vusd fof/k;ka viuk;h tkrh gSA ge mu lcf of/k;ksa dks 2 Hkkxksa esa ckaV ldrs gSA
1 fuekZrkvksa ds mik; 2 ljdkjh iz;kl
6 foØ; lao)Zu dk;ZØe ds ewY;kadu dk D;k vFkZ gS foØ; lao)Zu ds ewY;kadu dk
egRo rFkk mlds pj.kksa dks crkb;s
m- ÞfoØ; lao)Zu izfØ;k dk ewY;kaduÞ
foØ; lao)Zu dk;ZØe ds ewY;kadu ds fofo/k igyqvksa dk v/;;u lao)Zu dk;ZØe rS;kj djuk
iMrk gS( tks laLFkk;sa fcuk dk;ZØe cuk;s gh foØ; lao)Zu ds iz;kl djrh gS mUgsa visf{kr lQyrk
ugha feyrhA
fu;kZr foØ;
lao)Zuds
m}s';
fons'kksaesaeky
dh ekax esao`f)
u;s&u;s ns'kksa
esaviuk ekud
cktkj rS;kj djuk
fons'kh
miHkksDrkvksa
dks vkdf"kZr
djuk
fons'kksaesaxSj
ekSleh mRiknksa
dh ekax mRiUu
djuk
fons'kh cktkjksa
esamijksDr ,oa
foi.ku izca/ku
fons'kksaesaeky
dks [;kfr fnykuk
foØ; lao)Zu ewY;kadu dk egRo
7 foØ; izcU/k dks crkb;s mldh fo'ks"krk;sa crkb;s rFkk foØ; izca/k vkSj foi.ku
izca/k esa varj crkb;sA
foØ;lao)Zu ds pj.k
• foØ; lao)Zu ds m}s';ksa dk fu/kkZj.k
lao)ZukRed lk/kuksadk p;u
• lao)ZukRed lk/kuksadk p;uA
• izsj.kkvksa dk vkdkjA
• dk;ZØe esa fgLlsnkjh dh 'krsZA
• lapkyu ds okgd
• dk;ZØe dh vfof/kA
• dk;ZØe ds fØ;kaou dk le;
• ctV
• foØsrkvksa dk lg;ksx
• mi;qZDr djuk
m}s';ksa dh iwfrZ dk vuqeku
lq/kkjkRed iz;klksa ds volj
Hkkoh fu.kZ;ksa esa lqfo/kk
mPp izca/kdksa dks izHkkfor djuk
ctV
lao)Zu iz;klksa pj.k fcUnq Kkr djuk
vfHkizsj.kk
uohu izo`fr;ksa dk v/;;u djuk
m- foØ; & izzcU/k ds dqy izcU/k dk og Hkkx gS tks O;fDrxr foØ; ds fu;kstu] laxBu]
vfHkizsj.k rFkk fu;a-.k ls lacaf/kr gS ftlesa foØsrkvksa dh HkrhZ pquko vkfn fdz;k;s
lfEefyr gSA
foØ; izcU/k rFkk foi.ku izcU/k esa vUrj
foØ; izcU/k foi.ku izcU/k
1- foØ; izca/k foi.ku izca/k dk gh Hkkx gS bldk {ks= foLr`r gSA
2- bldk tUe vkS|ksfxr ØkfUr ds dqN le; ckn
gks x;k Fkk
orZeku 'krkCnh ds ikapos n'kd esa
gqvk Fkk
3- rRdkyhu ykHk feysxk nh?kZdkyhu ykHk izkIr gksxk
4- bldk fu;a=.k foi.ku izca/k }kjk fd;k tkrk gS foi.ku izca/k dk fu;a=.k laLFkk }kjk fd;k
tkrk gSA
5- xzkgdksa dh rkRdkyhu vko';drkvksa ij /;ku
nsrk gS
Hkkoh t:jrksa ij /;ku nsrk gSA
8 foØ; laxBu dks fu/kkZfjr djus okys rRoksa dk o.kZu dhft;s rFkk js[kk laxBu
dks Li"V dhft;s
m- foØ; laxBu dks izHkkfor djus okys rRo fuEu gSA
fo'ks"krk;sa
foØ;izca/k laLFkk ds
dqy izca/k dk Hkkx
gS
foØ;izca/k dh foi.ku
fØ;kvksa dkHkkxgS
foØ;izcU/k O;fDrxr
foØ;laca/k dk;ksZ
dsizcU/k dsfy,
mRrjnk;h gS
foØ;izcU/k ,d vkSj
foHkkxh;O;fDrRo
fuHkkrh gS
1& js[kk laxBu& js[kk lapkyu og laxBu gS ftlesa lHkh nkf;Ro izcU/kd ls dsfUnzr
gksrs gS rFkk vf/kdkj lh/kh js[kk esa O;fDrxr foØ;drkZ rd igqapr gS( vr% blesa
vf/kdkj rFkk nkf;Ro mPps vf/kdkjh ij dsfUnzr jgrs gSA
9 foØ;drkZvksa ds vfHkizsj.kk ls vki D;k le>rs gS ifjHkk"kk lfgr crkb;s rFkk
m}s';ksa dk Hkh o.kZu dhft;s
m- foØ;drkZvksa dks vfHkizsj.kk & foØ;drkZvksa dk dk;Z dfBu gS og izk;% vius lEiw.kZ
laiknu ,oa ifjokj ls nwj jgdj dk;Z djrk gSA vr% og dbZ ckj vius dk;Z ls mcus yxrk gSA foØ; izcU/kd
dks mldh fLFkfr dks igys ls gh le>uk pkfg;s rFkk mls dk;Z ds fy, fujUrj izsfjr djuk pkfg;sA
StanelyVance ÞdksbZ Hkh Hkkouk ;k bPNk tks fdlh O;fDr dks bl izdkj izHkkfor djrh gS f
dog dk;Z djus ds fy, izsfjr gks tk;s rks mls gh vfHkizsjd dgrs gSAÞ
vfHkizsj.kk ds mn~ns';&
1 foØ;drkZvksa dks dk;Z ds fy, izsfjr djukA
2 foØ;drkZvksa dk lg;ksx djukA
3 foØ;drkZvksa ds eukscy dks lqn`< djukA
foØ; laxBu dks izHkkfor djus okys rRo
foØ;dh
tkus okyh
oLrq;s
izca/kdksa
dh
;ksX;rk;sa
dEiuhdh
foRrh;
fLFkfr
dEiuhdk
vkdkj
izca/kdksa
dh;ksX;rk
dEiuh
foRrh;
;kstuk
4 foØ;drkZVksa dh dk;Z{kerk esa lq/kkj djukA
5 foØ;drkZvksa esa vkilh lg;ksx dh o`f)A
6 foØ;drkZvksa dks lqf"V iznku djukA
-
10 foØ; fØ;kvksa ds fu/kkZj.k ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k;s
m ÞfoØ; fØ;kvksa dk fu/kkZj.kÞ
foØ; izcU/k
,d Hkh ,d izca/kd gS tks foØ; foHkkx ds dk;ksZ ds lQy lapkyu ds fy, mRrjnk;h gS
vr% mls Hkh vius foHkkx dh foØ; fØ;kvksa dk fu;a=.k djuk iMrk gSA
dksVyj& fu;a=.k og fØ;k gS ftlds }kjk okLrfod ifj.kkeksa dks bfPNr ifj.kkeksa ds
fudV ykus ds iz;kl fd;s tkrs gSA
foØ; fu;a=.k ls rkRi;Z fodkl dk;ksZ esa jgh dfe;ksa dks Kkr djuk rFkk foØ;
fØ;kvksa dks iwoZ fu/kkZfjr ;kstukvksa rFkk izekiksa ds vk/kkj ij iwjk djus dk iz;kl
djuk rkfd ge rFkk iz;klksa ds viO;; dks jksddj foØ; dk;ksZ dks vf/kd dq'kyrk ls izkIr
fd;k tk ldsA
foØ; fu;a=.k dh izfØ;k
fons'kksa esa eky dh ekax esa o`fn
u;s&u;s ns'kksa esa viukeku dk cktkjrS;kj djuk
fons'kh miHkksDrkvksa dksvkdf"kZr djuk
fons'kh esa xSjekSleh mRiknksa dh ekax mRiUu djuk
fons'kh cktkjksaesa miHkksDrk ,oa foi.ku izca/kuA
fons'kksa esa eky dks [;kfr fnykuk
fo'ks"krk;sa&
1 foØ; fu;a=.k ,d lrr~ fØ;k gSA
2 blls ;kstuk;sa fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gSA
3 blesa foØ; dk;ksZ ij utj j[krs gSA
4 fu;a=.k dk;Z dks djus esa lgk;rk nh tkrh gSA
5 bl izfØ;k esa foØ;drkZ dks vkns'k fn;s tkrs gSA
6 fodkl dk;ksZ dk dq'kyrkiwoZd /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA
7 foØ; fu;a=.k Hkh iwoZ fu;ksftr gksrk gSA
foØ; izHkko
fu/kkZfjr djuk
fu"iknu ifj.kkeksa
dk ekiudjuk
izHkkoksa ls
fu"iknu dh
rqyuk djuklq/kkjkRed iz;kl
djuk

More Related Content

What's hot

Children Interest Psychology
Children Interest PsychologyChildren Interest Psychology
Children Interest Psychology
Vinay Prajapati
 
Enc Times - June 19,2016
Enc Times - June 19,2016Enc Times - June 19,2016
Enc Times - June 19,2016
ENC
 
Coercion versus Empowerment in Hindi
Coercion versus Empowerment in HindiCoercion versus Empowerment in Hindi
Coercion versus Empowerment in Hindi
HRLNIndia
 
आत्मकथा का उद्भव एवं विकास.pdf
आत्मकथा का उद्भव एवं विकास.pdfआत्मकथा का उद्भव एवं विकास.pdf
आत्मकथा का उद्भव एवं विकास.pdf
UdhavBhandare
 
Haryana police station record & all registers
Haryana police station record & all registersHaryana police station record & all registers
Haryana police station record & all registers
Prime Guards Security Services
 
Yoga Day Protocol on behalf of Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
Yoga Day Protocol on behalf of Ministry of Ayush, Government of IndiaYoga Day Protocol on behalf of Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
Yoga Day Protocol on behalf of Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
J.RAMNIWAS jramniwas@saipharmasolutions.com
 
Ram Mandir Temple Report
Ram Mandir Temple ReportRam Mandir Temple Report
Ram Mandir Temple Report
Gangesh Kumar
 
ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC Times- January 12,2017ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC
 
Yati bail order
Yati bail orderYati bail order
Yati bail order
sabrangsabrang
 
Working report on insurance company
Working report on insurance companyWorking report on insurance company
Working report on insurance companyAndey786
 
Parliament in india
Parliament in indiaParliament in india
Parliament in india
DeshRaj Yadav
 
ENC Times-January 14,2017
ENC Times-January 14,2017ENC Times-January 14,2017
ENC Times-January 14,2017
ENC
 
Reiki (kruti dev)
Reiki (kruti dev)Reiki (kruti dev)
Reiki (kruti dev)
Om Verma
 
Research report final
Research report finalResearch report final
Research report final
Suresh Kumar
 
SSRP Self Learning Guide Hindi Class 9 - In Hindi
SSRP Self Learning Guide Hindi Class 9 - In HindiSSRP Self Learning Guide Hindi Class 9 - In Hindi
SSRP Self Learning Guide Hindi Class 9 - In Hindi
kusumafoundation
 

What's hot (20)

Children Interest Psychology
Children Interest PsychologyChildren Interest Psychology
Children Interest Psychology
 
Sa 570$r
Sa 570$rSa 570$r
Sa 570$r
 
Enc Times - June 19,2016
Enc Times - June 19,2016Enc Times - June 19,2016
Enc Times - June 19,2016
 
Coercion versus Empowerment in Hindi
Coercion versus Empowerment in HindiCoercion versus Empowerment in Hindi
Coercion versus Empowerment in Hindi
 
आत्मकथा का उद्भव एवं विकास.pdf
आत्मकथा का उद्भव एवं विकास.pdfआत्मकथा का उद्भव एवं विकास.pdf
आत्मकथा का उद्भव एवं विकास.pdf
 
Haryana police station record & all registers
Haryana police station record & all registersHaryana police station record & all registers
Haryana police station record & all registers
 
international indexed,refereed, Monthly, Multilingual, Interdisciplainery,res...
international indexed,refereed, Monthly, Multilingual, Interdisciplainery,res...international indexed,refereed, Monthly, Multilingual, Interdisciplainery,res...
international indexed,refereed, Monthly, Multilingual, Interdisciplainery,res...
 
Yoga Day Protocol on behalf of Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
Yoga Day Protocol on behalf of Ministry of Ayush, Government of IndiaYoga Day Protocol on behalf of Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
Yoga Day Protocol on behalf of Ministry of Ayush, Government of India
 
Ram Mandir Temple Report
Ram Mandir Temple ReportRam Mandir Temple Report
Ram Mandir Temple Report
 
ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC Times- January 12,2017ENC Times- January 12,2017
ENC Times- January 12,2017
 
Yati bail order
Yati bail orderYati bail order
Yati bail order
 
Working report on insurance company
Working report on insurance companyWorking report on insurance company
Working report on insurance company
 
Parliament in india
Parliament in indiaParliament in india
Parliament in india
 
ENC Times-January 14,2017
ENC Times-January 14,2017ENC Times-January 14,2017
ENC Times-January 14,2017
 
Reiki (kruti dev)
Reiki (kruti dev)Reiki (kruti dev)
Reiki (kruti dev)
 
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATIONRESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
 
Research report final
Research report finalResearch report final
Research report final
 
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATIONRESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
 
SSRP Self Learning Guide Hindi Class 9 - In Hindi
SSRP Self Learning Guide Hindi Class 9 - In HindiSSRP Self Learning Guide Hindi Class 9 - In Hindi
SSRP Self Learning Guide Hindi Class 9 - In Hindi
 
151 153
151 153151 153
151 153
 

Viewers also liked

Machin basic
Machin basicMachin basic
Machin basic
Himanshu Rana
 
Shelving locations in the gingrich library (1)
Shelving locations in the gingrich library (1)Shelving locations in the gingrich library (1)
Shelving locations in the gingrich library (1)
Sam Thomas
 
Home made mehandi’s
Home made mehandi’sHome made mehandi’s
Home made mehandi’s
GloriaLCarter
 
Children's rights crossword
Children's rights crosswordChildren's rights crossword
Children's rights crossword
Ivan Potierhurtado
 
−学菜−第7回ミーティング
−学菜−第7回ミーティング−学菜−第7回ミーティング
−学菜−第7回ミーティングSHINLINE Co., Ltd.
 
Trabajo lengua yago
Trabajo lengua yagoTrabajo lengua yago
Trabajo lengua yago
pernutote
 
Amira foods dairy products
Amira foods dairy productsAmira foods dairy products
Amira foods dairy products
hinasan
 
History of Thanksgiving
History of ThanksgivingHistory of Thanksgiving
History of Thanksgiving
beaescalante
 
Happy Hotstock Tracking-Record
Happy Hotstock Tracking-RecordHappy Hotstock Tracking-Record
Happy Hotstock Tracking-Record
happyhotstock
 
Mirona-Constantinescu
Mirona-ConstantinescuMirona-Constantinescu
Mirona-Constantinescu
Mirona (Mia) Constantinescu
 
C 72 Report
C 72 ReportC 72 Report
C 72 Report
Mark Goorwah
 
Un amor imposible, pero de verdad
Un amor imposible, pero de verdadUn amor imposible, pero de verdad
Un amor imposible, pero de verdad
Ana Soto
 
MUNI presentation
MUNI presentationMUNI presentation
MUNI presentation
Marcus Pettersson
 
Iso 9001 audit checklist
Iso 9001 audit checklistIso 9001 audit checklist
Iso 9001 audit checklist
daretjon
 
"Select English" Certificate of Attendance
"Select English" Certificate of Attendance"Select English" Certificate of Attendance
"Select English" Certificate of Attendance
Alina Kuiovda
 
gambar kerajian tangan
gambar kerajian tangan gambar kerajian tangan
gambar kerajian tangan
Andre Data
 
Remote sensing 1
Remote sensing  1Remote sensing  1
Remote sensing 1
akida mbugi
 
AS INSTITUTAS - TRATADO DA RELIGIÃO CRISTÃ - JOÃO CALVINO - VOL IV
AS INSTITUTAS - TRATADO DA RELIGIÃO CRISTÃ - JOÃO CALVINO - VOL IVAS INSTITUTAS - TRATADO DA RELIGIÃO CRISTÃ - JOÃO CALVINO - VOL IV
AS INSTITUTAS - TRATADO DA RELIGIÃO CRISTÃ - JOÃO CALVINO - VOL IV
Teol. Sandra Ferreira
 
Halora
HaloraHalora
Halora
9990919
 

Viewers also liked (19)

Machin basic
Machin basicMachin basic
Machin basic
 
Shelving locations in the gingrich library (1)
Shelving locations in the gingrich library (1)Shelving locations in the gingrich library (1)
Shelving locations in the gingrich library (1)
 
Home made mehandi’s
Home made mehandi’sHome made mehandi’s
Home made mehandi’s
 
Children's rights crossword
Children's rights crosswordChildren's rights crossword
Children's rights crossword
 
−学菜−第7回ミーティング
−学菜−第7回ミーティング−学菜−第7回ミーティング
−学菜−第7回ミーティング
 
Trabajo lengua yago
Trabajo lengua yagoTrabajo lengua yago
Trabajo lengua yago
 
Amira foods dairy products
Amira foods dairy productsAmira foods dairy products
Amira foods dairy products
 
History of Thanksgiving
History of ThanksgivingHistory of Thanksgiving
History of Thanksgiving
 
Happy Hotstock Tracking-Record
Happy Hotstock Tracking-RecordHappy Hotstock Tracking-Record
Happy Hotstock Tracking-Record
 
Mirona-Constantinescu
Mirona-ConstantinescuMirona-Constantinescu
Mirona-Constantinescu
 
C 72 Report
C 72 ReportC 72 Report
C 72 Report
 
Un amor imposible, pero de verdad
Un amor imposible, pero de verdadUn amor imposible, pero de verdad
Un amor imposible, pero de verdad
 
MUNI presentation
MUNI presentationMUNI presentation
MUNI presentation
 
Iso 9001 audit checklist
Iso 9001 audit checklistIso 9001 audit checklist
Iso 9001 audit checklist
 
"Select English" Certificate of Attendance
"Select English" Certificate of Attendance"Select English" Certificate of Attendance
"Select English" Certificate of Attendance
 
gambar kerajian tangan
gambar kerajian tangan gambar kerajian tangan
gambar kerajian tangan
 
Remote sensing 1
Remote sensing  1Remote sensing  1
Remote sensing 1
 
AS INSTITUTAS - TRATADO DA RELIGIÃO CRISTÃ - JOÃO CALVINO - VOL IV
AS INSTITUTAS - TRATADO DA RELIGIÃO CRISTÃ - JOÃO CALVINO - VOL IVAS INSTITUTAS - TRATADO DA RELIGIÃO CRISTÃ - JOÃO CALVINO - VOL IV
AS INSTITUTAS - TRATADO DA RELIGIÃO CRISTÃ - JOÃO CALVINO - VOL IV
 
Halora
HaloraHalora
Halora
 

Questioner

  • 1. Yk?kqÙkjkRed iz'u 1 foØ; izns'k ls vki D;k le>rs gks mldh fo'ks"krk;sa crkvks m- dksbZ Hkh laLFkk vius cktkj dk O;ofLFkr fu;kstu rFkk fu;a=.k djus ds m}s'; ls vius lEiw.kZ cktkj dks vusd NksVh&NksVh bdkb;ksa esa foHkDr dj ldrh gS( cktkj dh bu NksVh&NksVh bdkb;ksa esa foHkDr dj ldrh gS( cktkj dh bu NksVh&NksVh bdkb;ksa dks gh foØ; izns'k dgrs gSA buesa foØ; izcU/kdksa dks cktkj lEHkkoukvksa dks Kkr djus foØ; iwokZuqeku djus] foØ; ctV cukus foØ; dksVk fu/kkZfjr djus esa lqfo/kk gksrh gSA foØ; & izns'k& ifjHkk"kk foØ; izzns'k ls rkRi;Z fo|eku rFkk Hkkoh xzkgdksa ds ml lewg ls gS tks fdlh HkkSXkksfyd {ks= esa fuokl djrk gSA RkFkk ftls fdlh foi.ku bdkbZ dks lkSai tkrk gSA izks- dsUQhYM& ÞfoØ; izns'k ,d HkkSxksfyd {ks= gS ftlesa os fo|eku rFkk lEHkkR; xzkgd gksrs gS ftudh lsok fdlh ,d foØ;drkZ] 'kk[kk vFkok forjd }kjk dh tk ldsAÞ D;wVsy& Þ ,d foØ; izns'k esa xzkgdksa dk ,d lewg ;k HkkSxksfyd {ks= lfEefyr gS tks fdlh foØ; O;fDr dks lkSik tkrk gS ] izns'k dh dksbZ HkkSxksfyd lhek gks Hkh ldrh gS rFkk ugha HkhAÞ foØ; izns'k fo|eku rFkk leekR; xzkgdksa dk og lewg gS tks fd fdlh fo'ks"k HkkSxksfyd {ks= esa fuokl djrk gS rFkk bldh lsok dk Hkkj fdlh fof'k"V foØ;drkZ ] 'kk[kk dk;kZy; O;kikjh rFkk forjd dks lkSik tkrk gSA fo'ks"krk;s&  foØ; izns'k laLFkk ds fo|eku rFkk lEHkkR; xzkgdksa ds lewg gSA  izR;sd laLFkk esa vko';drkuqlkj ,sls vusd lewg cuk;s tk ldrs gSA  izR;sd lewg dh ,d HkkSxksfyd lhek Hkh gks ldrh gSA  izR;sd foØ; izns'k fdlh ,d foi.ku bdkbZ dks lkSik tkrk gSA  foØ; izns'k ds fuekZ.k dk mn~ns'; laLFkk esa foØ; fu;kstu ,oa fu;a=.k vklku cukuk gksrk gSA 2 miHkksDrk euksfoKku dks ifjHkk"kk lfgr le>kb;s m- miHkksDrk euksfoKku ConsumerPsychology) izLrkouk& "A sale ismade not inthe mindof the longer"Russel miHkksDrk euksfoKku 'kCn dk tUe euksfoKku ds lkFk miHkksDrk 'kCn dks tksM++us ls gqvk gS( vr% bl 'kCn dks le>us ls iwoZ ge euksfoKku dks le>us dk iz;kl djrs gSA euksfoKku 'kCn vaxszth dh 'kCn ls cuk gS A ftldk vFkZ gS vkRek dk efLr"d rks euksfoKku Kku dh og 'kk[kk gS tks vkRek ;k efLr"d ;k nksuks dk v/;;u ,oa fo'ys"k.k djrh gSA ifjHkk"kk;sa& oqMoFkZ& ÞeuksfoKku okrkoj.k ds lanHkZ esa fdlh O;fDr dh fdz;kvksa dk v/;;u gSAÞ fnfDdu& ÞmiHkksDRkk euksfoKku yksxksa ds ml O;ogkj esa lEcfU/kr gS tc os viuh vFkZO;oLFkk esa miHkksDrk dh Hkwfedk dks fuHkk jgs gksrs gSA 3 foØ; lao)Zu ls vki D;k le>rs gS bldh izd`fr dks Li"V dhft;s m- foØ; lao)Zu izd`fr] foKkiu ,oa foØ; lao)Zu esa vUrj] foØ; lao)Zu ,oa oS;fDrd foØ; esa vUrj] foØ; lao)Zu dh Hkwfedk foØ; lao)Zu feJ.k dk ,d izeq[k ?kVd gS foØ; lao)Zu dk egRo le; ds lkFk c<+rk tkrk gSA Qyr% bldh ifjHkk"kkvksa esa Hkh ifjorZu ,oa la'kks/ku fd;k tkrk jgk gS foØ; lao)Zu esa O;fDrxr foØ; foKkiu rFkk izpkj ds vfrfjDr mu lHkh
  • 2. fØ;kvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA tks miHkksDrk dks Ø; gsrq rFkk O;kikjh dks izHkko'khyrk dks izHkkfor djrk gSA ifjHkk"kk& gkWifdUl& foKkiu ,oa foØ; izfØ;kvksa dks izHkkodkjh cukus ds fy;s ftu laxfBr rRoksa dh lgk;rk yh tkrh gS] mUgsa foØ; lao)Zu dks lfEefyr djrs gSÞ "Those marketing activities, other than personal selling, advertisement and publicity that stimulate, advertisement and publicity that stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness, such as displays shows and various non recruitment selling efforts not in the ordinary routine" AmericanMarketingAssociation foØ; lao)Zu dh izd`fr& foØ; lao)Zu dh fuEu izd`fr;ka gSA 1 ;g lao)ZukRed feJ.k dk vax gSA 2 ;g foØ; lao)Zu dk {ks= gSA 3 vukorhZ fØ;k;sa 4 ;g lk/kkj.k fnup;kZ dk vax ugha gSA 5 leUo;dkjh fØ;k;sa 6 foKkiu dh izHkko'khyrk ds ;ksxnku 7 ;g ,d m}s'; gSA 8 foKkiu lao)Zu dyk ,oa foKku nksuks gSA 4 foØ; lao)Zu dks Li"V dhft;s rFkk foØ; lao)Zu lk/kuksa dk oxhZdj.k dhft;s m- vk/kqfud ;qok esa foØ; lao)Zu lk/kuksa ,oaf of/k;ksa dh dksbZ fuf'pr lhek ugha jg xbZ( dksbZ Hkh fuekZrk ;k O;kikjh tgka Hkh volj ns[krk gSA foØ; lao)Zu lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx dj ysrk gSA foØ; lao)Zu dh vusd fof/k;ka gaSA foØ; lao)Zu lk/kuksa dk oxhZdj.k& 1 [khap ;k vkd.khZ fof/k;ka 2 /kDdk fof/k;ka 3 [khap /kDdk fof/k;ka 1 [khap fof/k;ka& os foØ; lao/kZu fof/k;ksa ftuds }kjk vfUre miHkksDrkvksa dks mRikn ;k lsok ds Ø; ds fy;s vkdf"kZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA mUgs [khap fof/k;ka dgrs gSA 2 /kDdk fof/k;ka& os fof/k;ka ftuds }kjk fuekZrk viuh mRikn dh ekax mRiUu djus gsrq e/;LFkksa rFkk foØsrkvksa dks izsfjr djrk gSA 3 [khap /kDdk fof/k;ka& tc foØ; lao/kZu dh vkdf"kZr ,oa izsjd fof/k;ksa dks la;qDr :I ls viuk;k tkrk gS rks mUgsa [khap /kDdk fof/k;ka dgk tkrk gSA foØ; lao)Zu ds izdkj foØ; lao)Zu ds L=ksr ds vk/kkj ij foØ; lao)Zu fuEufyf[kr nks izdkj gks ldrk gSA 1 fuekZrk foØ; lao)Zu & tc fuekZrk foØ; lao)Zu rduhdksa dks fuekZrk }kjk viuk;k ;k iz;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS mls fuekZrk lao)Zu dgrs gSA bl izdkj lao)Zu esa fuEu izdkj dk foØ; lao)Zu lfEefyr gS& 2 QqVdj O;kikjh ;k LVksj foØ; lao)Zu& tc foØ; lao)Zu dh fof/k;ka ,oa rduhdh dh fdlh QqVdj O;kikjh }kjk viuk;k 5 fu;kZr foØ; lao)Zu ds m}s';ksa rFkk fof/k;ksa dks Li"V dhft;s m- fu;kZr lao)Zu esa rks os lHkh mik; lfEefyr fd;s tkrs gS] ftuesa fu;kZr gsrq mRiknu rFkk fu;kZrksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS( tcfd fu;kZr foØ; lao/kZu esa ge dsoy mu
  • 3. vYidkyhu,oa vLFkk;h foU;klksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS ftuls fons'kksa esa eky ds foØ; lao)Zu esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA fu;kZr foØ; lao)Zu dh fof/k;ka & fu;kZr foØ; lao)Zu ds fy;s vusd mik; fd;s tkrs gS rFkk vusd fof/k;ka viuk;h tkrh gSA ge mu lcf of/k;ksa dks 2 Hkkxksa esa ckaV ldrs gSA 1 fuekZrkvksa ds mik; 2 ljdkjh iz;kl 6 foØ; lao)Zu dk;ZØe ds ewY;kadu dk D;k vFkZ gS foØ; lao)Zu ds ewY;kadu dk egRo rFkk mlds pj.kksa dks crkb;s m- ÞfoØ; lao)Zu izfØ;k dk ewY;kaduÞ foØ; lao)Zu dk;ZØe ds ewY;kadu ds fofo/k igyqvksa dk v/;;u lao)Zu dk;ZØe rS;kj djuk iMrk gS( tks laLFkk;sa fcuk dk;ZØe cuk;s gh foØ; lao)Zu ds iz;kl djrh gS mUgsa visf{kr lQyrk ugha feyrhA fu;kZr foØ; lao)Zuds m}s'; fons'kksaesaeky dh ekax esao`f) u;s&u;s ns'kksa esaviuk ekud cktkj rS;kj djuk fons'kh miHkksDrkvksa dks vkdf"kZr djuk fons'kksaesaxSj ekSleh mRiknksa dh ekax mRiUu djuk fons'kh cktkjksa esamijksDr ,oa foi.ku izca/ku fons'kksaesaeky dks [;kfr fnykuk
  • 4. foØ; lao)Zu ewY;kadu dk egRo 7 foØ; izcU/k dks crkb;s mldh fo'ks"krk;sa crkb;s rFkk foØ; izca/k vkSj foi.ku izca/k esa varj crkb;sA foØ;lao)Zu ds pj.k • foØ; lao)Zu ds m}s';ksa dk fu/kkZj.k lao)ZukRed lk/kuksadk p;u • lao)ZukRed lk/kuksadk p;uA • izsj.kkvksa dk vkdkjA • dk;ZØe esa fgLlsnkjh dh 'krsZA • lapkyu ds okgd • dk;ZØe dh vfof/kA • dk;ZØe ds fØ;kaou dk le; • ctV • foØsrkvksa dk lg;ksx • mi;qZDr djuk m}s';ksa dh iwfrZ dk vuqeku lq/kkjkRed iz;klksa ds volj Hkkoh fu.kZ;ksa esa lqfo/kk mPp izca/kdksa dks izHkkfor djuk ctV lao)Zu iz;klksa pj.k fcUnq Kkr djuk vfHkizsj.kk uohu izo`fr;ksa dk v/;;u djuk
  • 5. m- foØ; & izzcU/k ds dqy izcU/k dk og Hkkx gS tks O;fDrxr foØ; ds fu;kstu] laxBu] vfHkizsj.k rFkk fu;a-.k ls lacaf/kr gS ftlesa foØsrkvksa dh HkrhZ pquko vkfn fdz;k;s lfEefyr gSA foØ; izcU/k rFkk foi.ku izcU/k esa vUrj foØ; izcU/k foi.ku izcU/k 1- foØ; izca/k foi.ku izca/k dk gh Hkkx gS bldk {ks= foLr`r gSA 2- bldk tUe vkS|ksfxr ØkfUr ds dqN le; ckn gks x;k Fkk orZeku 'krkCnh ds ikapos n'kd esa gqvk Fkk 3- rRdkyhu ykHk feysxk nh?kZdkyhu ykHk izkIr gksxk 4- bldk fu;a=.k foi.ku izca/k }kjk fd;k tkrk gS foi.ku izca/k dk fu;a=.k laLFkk }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA 5- xzkgdksa dh rkRdkyhu vko';drkvksa ij /;ku nsrk gS Hkkoh t:jrksa ij /;ku nsrk gSA 8 foØ; laxBu dks fu/kkZfjr djus okys rRoksa dk o.kZu dhft;s rFkk js[kk laxBu dks Li"V dhft;s m- foØ; laxBu dks izHkkfor djus okys rRo fuEu gSA fo'ks"krk;sa foØ;izca/k laLFkk ds dqy izca/k dk Hkkx gS foØ;izca/k dh foi.ku fØ;kvksa dkHkkxgS foØ;izcU/k O;fDrxr foØ;laca/k dk;ksZ dsizcU/k dsfy, mRrjnk;h gS foØ;izcU/k ,d vkSj foHkkxh;O;fDrRo fuHkkrh gS
  • 6. 1& js[kk laxBu& js[kk lapkyu og laxBu gS ftlesa lHkh nkf;Ro izcU/kd ls dsfUnzr gksrs gS rFkk vf/kdkj lh/kh js[kk esa O;fDrxr foØ;drkZ rd igqapr gS( vr% blesa vf/kdkj rFkk nkf;Ro mPps vf/kdkjh ij dsfUnzr jgrs gSA 9 foØ;drkZvksa ds vfHkizsj.kk ls vki D;k le>rs gS ifjHkk"kk lfgr crkb;s rFkk m}s';ksa dk Hkh o.kZu dhft;s m- foØ;drkZvksa dks vfHkizsj.kk & foØ;drkZvksa dk dk;Z dfBu gS og izk;% vius lEiw.kZ laiknu ,oa ifjokj ls nwj jgdj dk;Z djrk gSA vr% og dbZ ckj vius dk;Z ls mcus yxrk gSA foØ; izcU/kd dks mldh fLFkfr dks igys ls gh le>uk pkfg;s rFkk mls dk;Z ds fy, fujUrj izsfjr djuk pkfg;sA StanelyVance ÞdksbZ Hkh Hkkouk ;k bPNk tks fdlh O;fDr dks bl izdkj izHkkfor djrh gS f dog dk;Z djus ds fy, izsfjr gks tk;s rks mls gh vfHkizsjd dgrs gSAÞ vfHkizsj.kk ds mn~ns';& 1 foØ;drkZvksa dks dk;Z ds fy, izsfjr djukA 2 foØ;drkZvksa dk lg;ksx djukA 3 foØ;drkZvksa ds eukscy dks lqn`< djukA foØ; laxBu dks izHkkfor djus okys rRo foØ;dh tkus okyh oLrq;s izca/kdksa dh ;ksX;rk;sa dEiuhdh foRrh; fLFkfr dEiuhdk vkdkj izca/kdksa dh;ksX;rk dEiuh foRrh; ;kstuk
  • 7. 4 foØ;drkZVksa dh dk;Z{kerk esa lq/kkj djukA 5 foØ;drkZvksa esa vkilh lg;ksx dh o`f)A 6 foØ;drkZvksa dks lqf"V iznku djukA - 10 foØ; fØ;kvksa ds fu/kkZj.k ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k;s m ÞfoØ; fØ;kvksa dk fu/kkZj.kÞ foØ; izcU/k ,d Hkh ,d izca/kd gS tks foØ; foHkkx ds dk;ksZ ds lQy lapkyu ds fy, mRrjnk;h gS vr% mls Hkh vius foHkkx dh foØ; fØ;kvksa dk fu;a=.k djuk iMrk gSA dksVyj& fu;a=.k og fØ;k gS ftlds }kjk okLrfod ifj.kkeksa dks bfPNr ifj.kkeksa ds fudV ykus ds iz;kl fd;s tkrs gSA foØ; fu;a=.k ls rkRi;Z fodkl dk;ksZ esa jgh dfe;ksa dks Kkr djuk rFkk foØ; fØ;kvksa dks iwoZ fu/kkZfjr ;kstukvksa rFkk izekiksa ds vk/kkj ij iwjk djus dk iz;kl djuk rkfd ge rFkk iz;klksa ds viO;; dks jksddj foØ; dk;ksZ dks vf/kd dq'kyrk ls izkIr fd;k tk ldsA foØ; fu;a=.k dh izfØ;k fons'kksa esa eky dh ekax esa o`fn u;s&u;s ns'kksa esa viukeku dk cktkjrS;kj djuk fons'kh miHkksDrkvksa dksvkdf"kZr djuk fons'kh esa xSjekSleh mRiknksa dh ekax mRiUu djuk fons'kh cktkjksaesa miHkksDrk ,oa foi.ku izca/kuA fons'kksa esa eky dks [;kfr fnykuk
  • 8. fo'ks"krk;sa& 1 foØ; fu;a=.k ,d lrr~ fØ;k gSA 2 blls ;kstuk;sa fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gSA 3 blesa foØ; dk;ksZ ij utj j[krs gSA 4 fu;a=.k dk;Z dks djus esa lgk;rk nh tkrh gSA 5 bl izfØ;k esa foØ;drkZ dks vkns'k fn;s tkrs gSA 6 fodkl dk;ksZ dk dq'kyrkiwoZd /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA 7 foØ; fu;a=.k Hkh iwoZ fu;ksftr gksrk gSA foØ; izHkko fu/kkZfjr djuk fu"iknu ifj.kkeksa dk ekiudjuk izHkkoksa ls fu"iknu dh rqyuk djuklq/kkjkRed iz;kl djuk