preferences Document Viewer Turnitin Originality Report Processed on: 28-Oct-2014 8:41 AM CDT ID: 470269214  Word Count: 1441 Submitted: 1 1 By Renu Kumar Similarity Index 17% Similarity by Source Internet Sources: 12% Publications: 9% Student Papers: N/A include quoted include bibliography exclude small matches  download refresh print mode:  6% match (Internet from 18-Jun-2014) http://www.antiessays.com 3% match (Internet from 18-Jun-2014) http://www.antiessays.com 2% match (publications) Goines, Lisa Hagler, Louis. "Noise pollution: a modern plague.", Southern Medical Journal, March 2007 Issue 2% match (publications) "Personal Space", Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, 2004 1% match (Internet from 17-Jun-2014) http://www.antiessays.com 1% match (publications) Nia, Mahin Etemedi, Majid Mahmood Aliloo, and Khalil Ansarin. "The role of stress and coping strategies in the emergence of asthma, and the moderating effects of gender in this illness", Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010. 1% match (Internet from 30-Jul-2014) http://kerry43.hubpages.com 1% match (Internet from 29-Aug-2007) http://www.overnightessays.com <1% match (Internet from 18-Oct-2011) http://www.brainmass.com Running head: THE EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY AND NOISE The Effects of Population Density and Noise  Renu Kumar  PSY/460  November 3, 2013 Christine Hander The  Effects of Population Density and Noise Population density and noise  can have many  effects  on individuals.  Population density  is  the  amount  of  people, which live in a particular area. Along with population density, comes noise; noise is typically an unwanted distraction. In this paper the subject to discuss is  the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space; examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as  populations become  denser; clarify the effect nature has on individuals living in urban environments, describe the concept of noise and examine the effect it has on individuals; and examine strategies that can be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living environment. Concepts of  Territoriality,  Privacy, and Personal Space  Territories are areas  marked and defended by their owners  and  often  used for life- sustaining activities  (Territoriality, 2004). The most common example of a person's territory would be his or her home because one tends to personalize and defend what is theirs. A person identifies themselves with his or her territory and any threat to that territory feels like a threat to themselves (Territoriality, 2004). A person feels connected to his or her territory and sees it as a means to satisfying his or her needs within society. Privacy is the selective control of access to oneself and group (Privacy, 2004). A person has the ability to decide who to allow in his or her territory or personal space. A person's  personal space  describes  the emotionally tinged zone around the .

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2. 6% match (Internet from 18-Jun-2014)
http://www.antiessays.com
3% match (Internet from 18-Jun-2014)
http://www.antiessays.com
2% match (publications)
Goines, Lisa Hagler, Louis. "Noise pollution: a modern
plague.", Southern Medical Journal, March 2007 Issue
2% match (publications)
"Personal Space", Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, 2004
1% match (Internet from 17-Jun-2014)
http://www.antiessays.com
1% match (publications)
Nia, Mahin Etemedi, Majid Mahmood Aliloo, and Khalil
Ansarin. "The role of stress and coping strategies in the
emergence of asthma, and the moderating effects of gender in
this illness", Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010.
1% match (Internet from 30-Jul-2014)
http://kerry43.hubpages.com
1% match (Internet from 29-Aug-2007)
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<1% match (Internet from 18-Oct-2011)
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Running head: THE EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY
AND NOISE The Effects of Population Density and Noise
Renu Kumar
PSY/460
November 3, 2013 Christine Hander The
Effects of Population Density and Noise Population density and
noise
can have many
effects
on individuals.
Population density
is
the
amount

3. of
people, which live in a particular area. Along with population
density, comes noise; noise is typically an unwanted distraction.
In this paper the subject to discuss is
the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space;
examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and
personal space have become increasingly important as
populations become
denser; clarify the effect nature has on individuals living in
urban environments, describe the concept of noise and examine
the effect it has on individuals; and examine strategies that can
be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living
environment. Concepts of
Territoriality,
Privacy, and Personal Space
Territories are areas
marked and defended by
their owners
and
often
used for life- sustaining activities
(Territoriality, 2004). The most common example of a person's
territory would be his or her home because one tends to
personalize and defend what is theirs. A person identifies
themselves with his or her territory and any threat to that
territory feels like a threat to themselves (Territoriality, 2004).
A person feels connected to his or her territory and sees it as a
means to satisfying his or her needs within society. Privacy is
the selective control of access to oneself and group (Privacy,
2004). A person has the ability to decide who to allow in his or
her territory or personal space. A person's
personal space
describes
the emotionally tinged zone around the human body that
a person feels
is

4. his or her
space
and can be described as
a soap bubble, a snail shell, and an aura around the human body
(Personal Space, 2004). As populations become denser
the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have
become increasingly important. As
a
population
grows a person will display territorial behavior and have the
need for more privacy and personal space as a means to escape
the pressures of the environment and noise. A person within his
or her territory are more confident, feel that they have control,
and are more apt to fight back than if they were in someone
else's territory. The reason is because a person feels connected
to his or her territory and sees it as a means to satisfying his or
her needs within society. Some of the benefits of human
territorial behavior are access to the resources within that
territory, status, personal space, privacy, and preserves one's
identity. Typically a person is able to decide who to allow in his
or her territory and when, which allows a person to have
privacy when it is needed. The drawbacks of human territorial
behavior are becoming overly protective of the territory can
lead to antisocial behavior, loneliness, and can cause hostile
behavior. A person may become obsessed with protecting his or
her territory and alienate those around them. The Effect of
Nature Zoos, parks, and gardens provide those living an urban
environment the opportunity to develop an environmental
identity that is nurtured rather than inhibited (Clayton & Myers,
2009). Zoos, parks, and gardens enhance a person’s interest in
animals and the nature around them. Nature allows a person to
get away from noise and the denser population. Direct contact
with nature for those living in an urban environment can lead to
an increase in mental health and psychological development.
Nature environments like zoos, parks, and gardens provide a
person with a place to relax, a way to reduce stress, restore

5. mental clarity, increase one’s sense of well- being, and improve
performance and physical health (Davis, 2008). Concept of
Noise Noise is unwanted sound and what may be a wonderful
sound to one person may be noise to another. According to
Noise: effects on health (2007) noise can cause stress, impair
mental health; affect one’s sleep quality, performance, and
cognition. A person whom is exposed to long periods of noise
can become stressed, which can lead to higher blood pressure
and heart rate and affect a person’s overall health. Those who
are sensitive to noise may have a hard time falling asleep and
staying asleep for any length of time. If a person does not get
enough sleep he or she may have difficulty paying attention or
completing a task properly and may become easily aggravated.
Environmental noise is unwanted sound in one’s community
except the noise that
originates in the workplace
(Goines & Hagler, 2007).
Environmental noise
is
a form of air pollution
and
is a
treat
to
a person’s
health and well-being.
Environmental noise has become more of a severe problem
because of population growth, urbanization, and
other mobile sources of noise (Goines & Hagler, 2007). This
noise interferes with one’s ability to pay attention,
communicate, and recreation time. The human body is equipped
to react
to noise with a fight or flight response,
which can cause
nervous, hormonal, and vascular changes
(Goines & Hagler, 2007). Environmental noise can impair

6. one’s ability to enjoy their territory, privacy, and personal
space, and can lead to antisocial behavior.
Strategies to Reduce Noise in the Workplace or Living
Environment
Unfortunately, there is no way to eliminate
noise in the workplace or in
one’s
living environment,
but a person can reduce the amount the noise, which is causing
the problem. The first step to reducing noise pollution is to
control the environment the best one can, which will limit the
amount of noise that enters one’s personal space. A person can
apply weather stripping to the windows or install double-paned
windows to reduce noise. An employee can talk to his or her
employer about techniques to reduce office noise such as
installing a door so that the unwanted noise can be blocked. A
person can try adding white noise, which can reduce
environmental noise. An example of white noise would be
playing a CD of nature sounds or other favorite types of music.
This will allow a person to concentrate and will help reduce
stress. Noise pollution causes stress therefore one should use
stress relieving techniques such as breathing exercises,
mediation, or yoga to remain focused on the task at hand. Other
stress relieving techniques are exercise,
emotion-focused, and problem-focused coping.
Exercise
is
the best way for a person to cope with the stress in his or her
life because it makes a person feel better mentally and can boost
one's energy levels. Other coping strategies are
emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. Emotion-focused
coping
deals with the emotional reactions to stress
and problem-focused coping
is reducing
the

7. demands
of the
stressful situation or increase the resources for meeting the
demands of the situation (Straub, 2007). Conclusion Population
density and noise can have many effects on individuals. The
more crowded one’s environment becomes, more environmental
noise is produced. Population density and noise can cause a
person to become stressed, which can lead to other health
issues. To escape from the crowded and noisy environment one
may retreat to his or her territory where he or she has privacy
and personal space. A person identifies themselves with their
territory and any threat to that territory feels like a threat to
themselves (Territoriality, 2004). A person feels connected to
his or her territory and sees it as a means to satisfying his or her
needs within society. Nature is another way a person can escape
from environmental noise and population density. The nature
environment allows one to feel a sense of connection with his or
her environment. Other ways of reducing noise in one’s
environment is to control the environment the best one can,
which will limit the amount of noise that enters one’s personal
space. Although, one cannot control how crowded or how noisy
their environment becomes, he or she has options to escape
from these environmental stressors or to at least reduce the
environmental noise so that he or she can concentrate on the
task at hand. References Clayton, S. & Myers, G. (2009).
Conservation Psychology: Understanding and promoting human
care for nature. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. Davis, J.
(2008). Psychological Benefits of Nature Experiences.
Retrieved July 9, 2012, from
http://www.johnvdavis.com/ep/benefits.htm Goines, L., &
Hagler, L. (2007). Noise Pollution: A Modem Plague. Southern
Medical Journal, 100( 3), 287-294, 8p. Noise: effects on health.
(2007). In Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and
Medicine. Retrieved from
http://www.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/entry
/cupphm/noise_effects_o n_heal Personal Space. (2004). In

8. Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Retrieved from
http://www.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/entry
/estappliedpsyc/personal _space Privacy. (2004). In
Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Retrieved from
http://www.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/entry
/estappliedpsyc/privacy Straub, R.O. (2007). Health Psychology
(2nd Ed.) New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Territoriality.
(2004). In Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Retrieved from
http://www.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/entry
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