Quecala
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The document discusses the origin of the name "California". It describes how in a 1510 Spanish novel, a fictional group called the Californians were led by their Queen Calafia on a mythical island in the Indies rich in gold and jewels. In 1533, when Spanish explorer Hernan Cortez landed in what is now California, believing it to be an island, they began calling the land California, named after the mythical island described in the novel. The Spanish conquistadors were hoping the land contained the gold and riches mentioned in the story of Queen Calafia and her island of California.
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Christopher Columbus explored from 1492-1506 sponsored by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. He explored to find a new route to Asia and search for gold and riches, claiming new lands and providing maps but mistreating native people. John Cabot explored 1497-1498 sponsored by King Henry VII of England, wanting to find gold and riches like seen from Asia, claiming new lands and providing map information of Canada. Juan Ponce de Leon explored 1506-1521 sponsored by King Ferdinand of Spain, exploring the Caribbean, founding Florida thinking it an island with a fountain of youth, claiming new lands and establishing settlements in Florida.
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Here is the timeline with the requested information:
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The document provides a summary of key explorations and events in the Americas between 1000 AD and 1682 AD, including:
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The document summarizes key events and figures from the Age of Exploration period between the 15th and 17th centuries. It describes voyages by European explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, and others who sought new trade routes and lands for their home countries and helped expand geographic knowledge around the world. Many important discoveries were made, including new continents and ocean passages, though the impacts on indigenous peoples were often negative.
CHAPTER 2Early Globalization The AtlanticWorld, 1492–16.docx
CHAPTER 2
Early Globalization: The Atlantic
World, 1492–1650
Figure 2.1 After Christopher Columbus “discovered” the New World, he sent letters home to Spain describing the
wonders he beheld. These letters were quickly circulated throughout Europe and translated into Italian, German, and
Latin. This woodcut is from the first Italian verse translation of the letter Columbus sent to the Spanish court after his
first voyage, Lettera delle isole novamente trovata by Giuliano Dati.
Chapter Outline
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Introduction
The story of the Atlantic World is the story of global migration, a migration driven in large part by the
actions and aspirations of the ruling heads of Europe. Columbus is hardly visible in this illustration of his
ships making landfall on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Figure 2.1). Instead, Ferdinand II of Spain (in
the foreground) sits on his throne and points toward Columbus’s landing. As the ships arrive, the Arawak
people tower over the Spanish, suggesting the native population density of the islands.
This historic moment in 1492 sparked new rivalries among European powers as they scrambled to create
New World colonies, fueled by the quest for wealth and power as well as by religious passions. Almost
continuous war resulted. Spain achieved early preeminence, creating a far-flung empire and growing
rich with treasures from the Americas. Native Americans who confronted the newcomers from Europe
suffered unprecedented losses of life, however, as previously unknown diseases sliced through their
populations. They also were victims of the arrogance of the Europeans, who viewed themselves as
uncontested masters of the New World, sent by God to bring Christianity to the “Indians.” The Spanish
enslaved Native Americans, forcing them to bring whatever gold could be found to fill Spanish coffers.
Chapter 2 Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650 39
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the
Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World
• Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of
Spain’s empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture
Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European
expansion across the Atlantic. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power.
This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of
globalization, in which previously isolated groups—Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans—first
came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous resu ...
The Catholic King and Queen
The document provides biographical information about Queen Isabel I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who married and united the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon in 1469. It discusses their conquest of Granada in 1492 and breaking of promises to Muslims, leading to their forced conversion or exile. It also mentions the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition to enforce Catholic orthodoxy and expulsion of Jews from Spain.
Columbus essay
Christopher Columbus was a navigator who believed he could reach Asia by sailing west from Europe. In 1492, he received funding from the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella to embark on an expedition with three ships. After several weeks at sea, land was sighted on October 12th, which Columbus named San Salvador, believing he had reached Asia. In fact, he had discovered islands in the Caribbean that were part of a then unknown continent, which we now call America. Columbus went on to explore more of the Caribbean and returned to Spain, where he was received as a hero for his discoveries, which led to Spain becoming the most powerful empire in the world due to the wealth obtained from the new lands.
W7L3European Age of ExplorationA World Map from Alberto Cantin.docx
W7L3
European Age of Exploration
A World Map from Alberto Cantino, 1502
When we last left Europe, the Islamic trading influences had sparked a revolution of ideas in Italy that began to spread across the cultural centers of European kingdoms. The Italian Renaissance slowly spread across Europe, bringing new innovations in technology, art, music, scientific understanding, mathematics, and medicine. In turn these ideas had sparked the Reformation. However, by the sixteenth century, as the Reformation picked up steam and began spreading radical religious ideas throughout Christendom, already some European kingdoms had begun applying Renaissance inventions to new economic opportunities: Exploration.
The presence of patronage throughout royal courts had encouraged a stability of economies. This stability was called mercantilism – the economic doctrine that assumes government control of foreign trade is the most important element of ensuring prosperity for a given state. The idea is that trading partners need each other to prosper, so trading states are less likely to war with each other over minor details, lest that diminishes trade. The downside to mercantilism is that it can foster an atmosphere of such extreme competition between two or more states that other states end up falling prey to that intense rivalry. This is exactly what happened with cultures in Africa, North America, the Caribbean, and Mesoamerica. But the immediacy of stability caused by mercantilism contributed to the standing atmosphere of intellectual curiosity and increasing centralized governments to lead expeditions outside of European domains.
Portugal
The Portuguese had regained control over the Kingdom of Portugal in 1415, when conquering Christian forces had expelled the occupying Moors. Spain still had some years of fighting left to regain control over the remaining Iberian Peninsula, but Portugal began to set its affairs in order and set its sights on increased trade. Playing a key role in this development was Prince Henry the Navigator.
Prince Henry the Navigator extended Portuguese trade ports throughout the coasts of Africa and into India
Prince Henry was very religious and thought that exploring the African coastline might benefit Portugal in economic glory while benefitting African through conversion from mostly Islamic beliefs to Christian ideas. He established a navigation school to increase the knowledge of sailors. New techniques in ship-building allowed for longer journeys with more gods on board. He also spread the idea that courtly chivalrous honor could be achieved through behaviors off the battle-field. In addition to military glory, he thought, knightly behavior could be earned through intellectual exploration, religious piety and missionary work, and the adventure of journeying to places unknown. In the early 1400s, Portuguese sailors began sailing into ports along the African coast. They were there not as conquerors, but as traders.
And so, Portugues.
Francisco vázquez de coronado y luján
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado led a Spanish expedition from 1540-1542 through what is now the southwestern United States, hoping to find the mythical Seven Cities of Gold. He was disappointed to find that Cíbola, described by Friar Marcos de Niza as a great golden city, was instead simple pueblos constructed by the Zuni people. Coronado sent Friar Marcos back in disgrace for his exaggerated descriptions. The expedition explored further but did not find the wealthy cities they sought.
Colonial america
The Age of Discovery began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes and lands. Portugal, Spain, England, France and the Netherlands launched explorations led by figures like Columbus, Vespucci, Cabot and Verrazano. These explorations resulted in contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas and led to the beginning of European colonization and exploitation of resources. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided control of newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal. Significant explorations included those by Columbus, Cortes-Real, Cabot, Vespucci, Magellan and others. Indigenous populations declined sharply due to disease and conflict with European colonizers.
European conquest
The document summarizes European exploration and conquest in the 1400s-1500s, including key figures like Christopher Columbus, Hernan Cortes, and Francisco Pizarro. It discusses how Spain and Portugal became rivals in exploration, the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing conquest territories, and Columbus' voyages to the Americas mistakenly thinking he reached Asia. It also summarizes Cortes' conquest of the Aztec empire and Pizarro's conquest of the Inca empire, leading to an exchange of goods between the Eastern and Western hemispheres.
Voyages and Adventures - Early Explorers
John Cabot was an Italian merchant who explored North America in the late 1400s while seeking a northwest passage to Asia, making him the first European to rediscover North America since the Vikings. Amerigo Vespucci explored South America and concluded it was a separate continent from Asia, leading to it being named America. Juan Ponce de Leon was a Spanish soldier who landed in Florida in 1513, becoming the first to set foot on the continental United States.
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