This document discusses different sampling methods used in quantitative research. It defines sampling as selecting observations to represent a population. There are two main types of sampling methods: probability sampling, which includes simple random, stratified random, systematic random, multistage random, and cluster sampling; and non-probability sampling, which includes quota sampling and convenience sampling. The document provides details on how each sampling method works and their advantages and disadvantages.

1. QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR
BUSINESS (SAMPLING)
SIMRAN THAKUR
M.COM 1
ROLL NO:- 224412/22
SUBMITTED TO :- PREET KAMAL
MAAM

2. SAMPLING IS THE PROCESS OF SELECTING
OBSERVATIONS TO PROVIDE AN ADEQUATE
DESCRIPTION AND INTERFERENCES OF THE
POPULATION.
SAMPLE:-
IT IS A UNIT THAT IS SELECTED FROM POPULATION.
REPRESENTS THE WHOLE POPULATION

3. METHODS OF
SAMPLING
PROBABILITY
• SIMPLE RANDOM
• STRATIFIED RANDOM
• SYSTEMATIC RANDOM
• MULTISTAGE RANDOM
• CLUSTER SAMPLNG’
NON PROBABILITY
• QUOTA SAMPLING
• CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
• EXTENSIVE SAMPLING

4. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING:-
ALL SUBSETS OF THE FRAME ARE GIVEN AN EQUAL PROBABILITY.
RANDOM NUMBERS GENERATES.
ADVANTAGES
Minimal knowledge of
population needed
Easy to analyse data
DISADVANTAGES
Low frequency of use
Does not use researches
expertise
Larger risk of random error

5. STRATIFIED RANDOM
SAMPLING:-
advantages
Assures representation of all
groups in sample population
Characteristics of each stratum
can be estimated and
comparisons made.
DISDAVNTAGES
Requires accurate information
on proportions of each stratum.
Stratified lists costly to prepare.
populationis divided into two or more groups called strata.
Subsamples are randomlyselected from each strata.

6. CLUSTER SAMPLING:- THE POPULATION IS
DIVIDED INTO SUBGROUPS LIKE FAMILIES. A SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLE IS TAKEN FROM EACH OTHER.
ADVANTAGES
CAN ESTIMATE
CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH
CLUSTER AND
POPULATION.
DISADVANTAGES
THE COST TO REACH AN
ELEMENT TO SAMPLE IS VERY
HIGH.
EACH STAGE IN CLUSTER
SAMPLING INTRODUCES
SAMPLING ERROR.

7. SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING:- ORDER
ALL UNITS IN THE SAMPLING FRAME. THEN EVERY NTH
NUMBER ON THE LIST IS SELECTED.
ADVANTAGES
Moderate cost
Simple to draw sample
Easy to verify
DISADVANTAGES
Periodic ordering
required

8. MULTISTAGE SAMPLING :- CARRIED OUT IN
STAGES. USING SMALLER AND SMALLER SAMPLING UNITS AT
EACH STAGE .
Advantages
More accurate
More effective
DISADVANTAGES
Costly
Each stage in sampling
introduces sampling error –
the more stages are there are
, the more error there tends
to be.

9. JUDGEMENT SAMPLING :- RESEARCHES
EMPLOYS HIS OR HER OWN “EXPERT” JUDGEMENT
ABOUT.
ADVANTAGES
LESS EXPENSIVE
VERY SIMPLE AND EASY
DISADVANTAGES
NOT VERY ACCRUATE AND
RELIABLE
TIME CONSUMING PROCESS

10. SAMPLING ERRORS
The errors which arises due to the use of
sampling surveys are known as the sampling
errors
Two types of sampling
Sampling errors
• Faulty selection
• Variability of the population
Non-sampling errors
• Faulty planning
• Wrong statistical measures

11. THANK
YOU…