The document discusses several English quantifiers: - Much is used with uncountable nouns and can be replaced with "a great deal of", while many is used with countable nouns and can be replaced with "a large number of". - All and whole are used before nouns to mean the entire quantity. - Both is used to refer to two items together. - Little and few are similar but little is generally more positive while few is more negative. - Every refers to groups of 3 or more items, while each refers to groups of 2 or more items.

1. Quantifiers
quantificadores
sábado, 10 de março de 12

2. mUCH / MANY
Much Many
usado com nomes incontáveis usado com nomes contáveis
pode ser substituído por a great pode ser substituído por a large
deal of number of
Ambos são preferencialmente usados em frases negativas ou
interrogativas.
Many people eat too much meat.
sábado, 10 de março de 12

3. Many e Much são substituídos por “a lot of” ou “lots of” ou “plenty of”
em contextos menos formais - em frases afirmativas.
Vejamos exemplos:
Lots of (A lot of) (Plenty of) her students went to the party
Mas, depois de “as, so too” usamos many ou much em afirmativas
There were twice as many women as men.
She gave me so much food, I couldn’t eat it all.
sábado, 10 de março de 12

4. All / whole
All (of) The whole (of)
They weren’t able to stay to the
All of my brothers and sisters were
whole concert (antes de nomes
waiting for me.
contáveis)
The baby seems to cry all (of) the
The whole of the field was flooded
time.
Negativa: Not all All of the towns had their electricity cut off
x
Not all the seats were taken (em
Whole towns were left without electricity
vez de All the seats weren’t taken) (antes de nomes no plural)
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5. Both
Both of the houses have now been sold.
Are both of you (Are you both) tired?
I traveled with both of them (with them both).
They have both finished the dinner (no: They
both have finished)
Negativa: Neither of them knew / Both of
them knew
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6. Little / Few
Little Few
There was little work to do He has few close friends
We had little of money Few of her songs were cool.
A little - sentido positivo A few - sentido positivo
There was a little food left. There were a few chances.
Less (than) - incontáveis Fewer (than) - contáveis
You should have mixed less water
There were fewer students at class.
with the paint.
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7. Para distância ou valores em dinheiro, usa-se
less
Barbara is 20 miles away. I though it was less than that.
This costs less than 5 dollars.
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8. Every / Each
Every - grupos de 3 ou mais Each - grupos de 2 ou mais
The party is every Sunday. Each ticket costs 5 dollars.
Usa-se sempre um verbo no singular depois desses pronomes.
sábado, 10 de março de 12