QSO 500 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: In this final project, you will create a research report based on the application of action research processes for developing problem solving strategies.
In designing the report, you will follow the best practices for ethical research. You will utilize the research process to inform decisions in your professional life
and as a framework for approaching research projects in other courses in your program. The final product will be a comprehensive research report using the
five-step research process (identify the problem; understand the theoretical framework of the problem; design the research study; collect, explain, and analyze
the data; report the results; and make conclusions and recommendations).
For Milestone One, submit a draft of your business problem and literature review. Using the problem you identified in your Module One journal and the
feedback you received, describe the research problem including the context in which it exists. Using the problem statement, describe the stakeholders and
research objective. Based on the research objective, develop a research question that clearly and concisely articulates in one sentence the purpose of the study.
Consider the key real or potential ethical issues or challenges of the study.
After describing your business problem and research question, prepare a comprehensive literature review that carefully and thoughtfully examines the research
problem from a scholarly perspective using a minimum of seven quality sources. A minimum of three of the sources must be selected from scholarly, peer-
reviewed journals. Other quality sources can be professional publications or magazines, internal corporate publications such as annual reports or white papers,
or established news sources.
Prompt: Refer to the given case study Maruti Suzuki India: Defending Market Leadership in the A-Segment and select a data-driven business problem that can be
addressed using action research to be the basis for your research report. Prepare a comprehensive literature review that carefully and thoughtfully examines the
research problem from a scholarly perspective using a minimum of seven quality sources. A minimum of three of the sources must be selected from scholarly,
peer-reviewed journals. Other quality sources can be from professional publications or magazines, internal corporate publications such as annual reports or
white papers, or established news sources.
Specifically the following critical elements must be addressed:
Business Problem: Refer to the given case study and select a data-driven business problem that can be addressed using action research to be the basis for
your research report.
A. Describe the research problem, including the context in which it exists. In other words, what caused or precipitated this problem? What has
already been done to address it?
B. Describe the key stakeholders (or potential stakeholders) of ...
CJ 675 Milestone O ne Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: For this milestone, you will prepare a draft of your final project that thoroughly addresses the items listed in the prompt. To complete this
assignment, you must complete the textbook reading assigned in Module Five and review the materials presented in Modules One through Five.
As a criminal justice leader, you will often be faced with making decisions that reflect not only on you but on your department as a whole. We often use tools
like statistics and crime trends to offer the best possible route to finding a solution and ultimately making a decision. The field of criminal justice is constantly
changing; new laws, policies, and procedures make situational, evidence-based decision making a complicated daily task. And it is nearly impossible to make an
informed decision without first researching the issues at play and leveraging the power of available data to determine the right solution for each particular
situation and organization.
You will assume the role of a leader within a criminal justice organization of your choice. Based on your chosen scenario, you will be presented with a specific
challenge that is emblematic of wider issues in contemporary criminal justice.
Prompt: Your task for Milestone One is to complete the Introduction, Theory and Methods, and Literature Review sections of your final project. You will be given
information (including this data set) for your scenario, but you must also conduct your own research on comparable organizations and trends in the field to
determine opportunities and external threats.
The following critical elements must be specifically addressed:
I. Introduction: In this section, establish a context that provides your audience with any background information that is necessary for understanding your
proposal.
II. Theory and Methods: In this section, explain the theoretical frameworks that underpin your analysis and proposed solution.
A. Identify foundational criminology theories that apply to your chosen organization and the challenge it faces. Draw connections between the
theories and your specific context that will ultimately support your analysis and your proposed solution.
B. Examine the strategic methods used by leaders in the field for approaching problems such as yours. For example, what do the current best
practices in the field suggest in terms of researching and investigating the issue? Highlight methods that support your proposal.
C. Similarly, identify best practices in the field for communicating with diverse audiences. Illustrate these practices with specific examples that will
ultimately support your communication plan.
III. Literature Review: In this section, present all of the evidence that you have analyzed (including the provided data and your independent research) and
that will support your proposed solution.
A. Data Analysis: Using the provided data, determine any patterns and trends ...
Course Project Leadership and Organizational Behavior in ActionOb.docxmarilucorr
Course Project: Leadership and Organizational Behavior in Action
Objective
|
Summary
|
Guidelines
|
Milestones
|
Project Outline
|
Grading Rubrics
Objective
Research shows that people learn effectively when working on real problems grounded in their own work experience. To this end, our course project is designed to incorporate students' work experience into the learning process in this course.
The project is an opportunity to explore, in-depth, a topic related to the course objectives (TCOs) that is of significance to you or your organization (current or former).
Summary
Members of the class are required to prepare an applied research paper, with a minimum of 10 pages but not to exceed 12 pages in length (excluding cover page and appendices), on a specific issue related to leadership or organizational behavior.
Guidelines
Topic Selection
Select a
specific
organization of interest to you and identify a problem at the firm related to organizational behavior (OB).
Think of yourself as an organizational consultant and assume that a key manager has requested a thorough analysis and recommended course of action to resolve an actual organizational problem that will make a difference to the future performance of the organization.
Identify which of our TCOs or specific topics in the syllabus are related to the problem you identify.
Research Sources
All papers must have a minimum of six scholarly sources cited within the text of the paper and identified in the references section.
Additional research sources can be attached in a bibliography.
Review the following document for instructions on how to access and use EBSCOhost for your research:
EBSCOhost
.
Paper Format
All papers should be single sided, double-spaced, using a 11- or 12-point font.
Length of the paper to be between 10 and 12 pages, not counting cover page and appendices.
The first page should include the title of the work, student name, address, telephone and e-mail address, course number, date, and instructor name.
Follow APA style for general format and citations.
Paper sections must adhere to the guidelines below and each section must be labeled in the text.
Language should be clear, concise, and precise.
Tone should be professional, consistent, and not filled with jargon.
Grammar and syntax (sentence structure) must be correct.
Report must be free of misspellings and typos.
Tables and Figures
All figures and tables must be referred to in your text before they appear on the page.
Figures and tables should appear on the same page as or the page after the text that refers to them.
All figures and tables need captions. Captions go below figures and above tables.
Quotations and Citations
Quotations and citations are crucial components of a research paper and must be present.
Failure to properly cite research sources and borrowed ideas is plagiarism.
Refer to APA style guide for assistance with properly citing quoted and/or borrowed materials and ideas.
Milestones
WEEK
ACTI.
Course Project Leadership and Organizational Behavior in Action O.docxmarilucorr
Course Project: Leadership and Organizational Behavior in Action
Objective
|
Summary
|
Guidelines
|
Milestones
|
Project Outline
|
Grading Rubrics
Objective
Back to Top
Research shows that people learn effectively when working on real problems grounded in their own work experience. To this end, our course project is designed to incorporate students' work experience into the learning process in this course.
The project is an opportunity to explore, in-depth, a topic related to the course objectives (TCOs) that is of significance to you or your organization (current or former).
Summary
Back to Top
Members of the class are required to prepare an applied research paper, with a minimum of 10 pages but not to exceed 12 pages in length (excluding cover page and appendices), on a specific issue related to leadership or organizational behavior.
Guidelines
Back to Top
Topic Selection
Select a
specific
organization of interest to you and identify a problem at the firm related to organizational behavior (OB).
Think of yourself as an organizational consultant and assume that a key manager has requested a thorough analysis and recommended course of action to resolve an actual organizational problem that will make a difference to the future performance of the organization.
Identify which of our TCOs or specific topics in the syllabus are related to the problem you identify.
Research Sources
All papers must have a minimum of six scholarly sources cited within the text of the paper and identified in the references section.
Additional research sources can be attached in a bibliography.
Review the following document for instructions on how to access and use EBSCOhost for your research:
EBSCOhost
.
Paper Format
All papers should be single sided, double-spaced, using a 11- or 12-point font.
Length of the paper to be between 10 and 12 pages, not counting cover page and appendices.
The first page should include the title of the work, student name, address, telephone and e-mail address, course number, date, and instructor name.
Follow APA style for general format and citations.
Paper sections must adhere to the guidelines below and each section must be labeled in the text.
Language should be clear, concise, and precise.
Tone should be professional, consistent, and not filled with jargon.
Grammar and syntax (sentence structure) must be correct.
Report must be free of misspellings and typos.
Tables and Figures
All figures and tables must be referred to in your text before they appear on the page.
Figures and tables should appear on the same page as or the page after the text that refers to them.
All figures and tables need captions. Captions go below figures and above tables.
Quotations and Citations
Quotations and citations are crucial components of a research paper and must be present.
Failure to properly cite research sources and borrowed ideas is plagiarism.
Refer to APA style guide for assistance with properly citing quoted and/or borrow.
CJ 675 Milestone O ne Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: For this milestone, you will prepare a draft of your final project that thoroughly addresses the items listed in the prompt. To complete this
assignment, you must complete the textbook reading assigned in Module Five and review the materials presented in Modules One through Five.
As a criminal justice leader, you will often be faced with making decisions that reflect not only on you but on your department as a whole. We often use tools
like statistics and crime trends to offer the best possible route to finding a solution and ultimately making a decision. The field of criminal justice is constantly
changing; new laws, policies, and procedures make situational, evidence-based decision making a complicated daily task. And it is nearly impossible to make an
informed decision without first researching the issues at play and leveraging the power of available data to determine the right solution for each particular
situation and organization.
You will assume the role of a leader within a criminal justice organization of your choice. Based on your chosen scenario, you will be presented with a specific
challenge that is emblematic of wider issues in contemporary criminal justice.
Prompt: Your task for Milestone One is to complete the Introduction, Theory and Methods, and Literature Review sections of your final project. You will be given
information (including this data set) for your scenario, but you must also conduct your own research on comparable organizations and trends in the field to
determine opportunities and external threats.
The following critical elements must be specifically addressed:
I. Introduction: In this section, establish a context that provides your audience with any background information that is necessary for understanding your
proposal.
II. Theory and Methods: In this section, explain the theoretical frameworks that underpin your analysis and proposed solution.
A. Identify foundational criminology theories that apply to your chosen organization and the challenge it faces. Draw connections between the
theories and your specific context that will ultimately support your analysis and your proposed solution.
B. Examine the strategic methods used by leaders in the field for approaching problems such as yours. For example, what do the current best
practices in the field suggest in terms of researching and investigating the issue? Highlight methods that support your proposal.
C. Similarly, identify best practices in the field for communicating with diverse audiences. Illustrate these practices with specific examples that will
ultimately support your communication plan.
III. Literature Review: In this section, present all of the evidence that you have analyzed (including the provided data and your independent research) and
that will support your proposed solution.
A. Data Analysis: Using the provided data, determine any patterns and trends ...
Course Project Leadership and Organizational Behavior in ActionOb.docxmarilucorr
Course Project: Leadership and Organizational Behavior in Action
Objective
|
Summary
|
Guidelines
|
Milestones
|
Project Outline
|
Grading Rubrics
Objective
Research shows that people learn effectively when working on real problems grounded in their own work experience. To this end, our course project is designed to incorporate students' work experience into the learning process in this course.
The project is an opportunity to explore, in-depth, a topic related to the course objectives (TCOs) that is of significance to you or your organization (current or former).
Summary
Members of the class are required to prepare an applied research paper, with a minimum of 10 pages but not to exceed 12 pages in length (excluding cover page and appendices), on a specific issue related to leadership or organizational behavior.
Guidelines
Topic Selection
Select a
specific
organization of interest to you and identify a problem at the firm related to organizational behavior (OB).
Think of yourself as an organizational consultant and assume that a key manager has requested a thorough analysis and recommended course of action to resolve an actual organizational problem that will make a difference to the future performance of the organization.
Identify which of our TCOs or specific topics in the syllabus are related to the problem you identify.
Research Sources
All papers must have a minimum of six scholarly sources cited within the text of the paper and identified in the references section.
Additional research sources can be attached in a bibliography.
Review the following document for instructions on how to access and use EBSCOhost for your research:
EBSCOhost
.
Paper Format
All papers should be single sided, double-spaced, using a 11- or 12-point font.
Length of the paper to be between 10 and 12 pages, not counting cover page and appendices.
The first page should include the title of the work, student name, address, telephone and e-mail address, course number, date, and instructor name.
Follow APA style for general format and citations.
Paper sections must adhere to the guidelines below and each section must be labeled in the text.
Language should be clear, concise, and precise.
Tone should be professional, consistent, and not filled with jargon.
Grammar and syntax (sentence structure) must be correct.
Report must be free of misspellings and typos.
Tables and Figures
All figures and tables must be referred to in your text before they appear on the page.
Figures and tables should appear on the same page as or the page after the text that refers to them.
All figures and tables need captions. Captions go below figures and above tables.
Quotations and Citations
Quotations and citations are crucial components of a research paper and must be present.
Failure to properly cite research sources and borrowed ideas is plagiarism.
Refer to APA style guide for assistance with properly citing quoted and/or borrowed materials and ideas.
Milestones
WEEK
ACTI.
Course Project Leadership and Organizational Behavior in Action O.docxmarilucorr
Course Project: Leadership and Organizational Behavior in Action
Objective
|
Summary
|
Guidelines
|
Milestones
|
Project Outline
|
Grading Rubrics
Objective
Back to Top
Research shows that people learn effectively when working on real problems grounded in their own work experience. To this end, our course project is designed to incorporate students' work experience into the learning process in this course.
The project is an opportunity to explore, in-depth, a topic related to the course objectives (TCOs) that is of significance to you or your organization (current or former).
Summary
Back to Top
Members of the class are required to prepare an applied research paper, with a minimum of 10 pages but not to exceed 12 pages in length (excluding cover page and appendices), on a specific issue related to leadership or organizational behavior.
Guidelines
Back to Top
Topic Selection
Select a
specific
organization of interest to you and identify a problem at the firm related to organizational behavior (OB).
Think of yourself as an organizational consultant and assume that a key manager has requested a thorough analysis and recommended course of action to resolve an actual organizational problem that will make a difference to the future performance of the organization.
Identify which of our TCOs or specific topics in the syllabus are related to the problem you identify.
Research Sources
All papers must have a minimum of six scholarly sources cited within the text of the paper and identified in the references section.
Additional research sources can be attached in a bibliography.
Review the following document for instructions on how to access and use EBSCOhost for your research:
EBSCOhost
.
Paper Format
All papers should be single sided, double-spaced, using a 11- or 12-point font.
Length of the paper to be between 10 and 12 pages, not counting cover page and appendices.
The first page should include the title of the work, student name, address, telephone and e-mail address, course number, date, and instructor name.
Follow APA style for general format and citations.
Paper sections must adhere to the guidelines below and each section must be labeled in the text.
Language should be clear, concise, and precise.
Tone should be professional, consistent, and not filled with jargon.
Grammar and syntax (sentence structure) must be correct.
Report must be free of misspellings and typos.
Tables and Figures
All figures and tables must be referred to in your text before they appear on the page.
Figures and tables should appear on the same page as or the page after the text that refers to them.
All figures and tables need captions. Captions go below figures and above tables.
Quotations and Citations
Quotations and citations are crucial components of a research paper and must be present.
Failure to properly cite research sources and borrowed ideas is plagiarism.
Refer to APA style guide for assistance with properly citing quoted and/or borrow.
ObjectiveResearch shows that people learn effectively when working.docxarnit1
Objective
Research shows that people learn effectively when working on real problems grounded in their own work experience. To this end, our course project is designed to incorporate students' work experience into the learning process in this course.
The project is an opportunity to explore, in-depth, a topic related to the course objectives (TCOs) that is of significance to you or your organization (current or former).
Summary
Members of the class are required to prepare an applied research paper, with a minimum of 10 pages but not to exceed 12 pages in length (excluding cover page and appendices), on a specific issue related to leadership or organizational behavior.
Guidelines
Topic Selection
Select a
specific
organization of interest to you and identify a problem at the firm related to organizational behavior (OB).
Think of yourself as an organizational consultant and assume that a key manager has requested a thorough analysis and recommended course of action to resolve an actual organizational problem that will make a difference to the future performance of the organization.
Identify which of our TCOs or specific topics in the syllabus are related to the problem you identify.
Research Sources
All papers must have a minimum of six scholarly sources cited within the text of the paper and identified in the references section.
Additional research sources can be attached in a bibliography.
Review the following document for instructions on how to access and use EBSCOhost for your research:
EBSCOhost
.
Paper Format
All papers should be single sided, double-spaced, using a 11- or 12-point font.
Length of the paper to be between 10 and 12 pages, not counting cover page and appendices.
The first page should include the title of the work, student name, address, telephone and e-mail address, course number, date, and instructor name.
Follow APA style for general format and citations.
Paper sections must adhere to the guidelines below and each section must be labeled in the text.
Language should be clear, concise, and precise.
Tone should be professional, consistent, and not filled with jargon.
Grammar and syntax (sentence structure) must be correct.
Report must be free of misspellings and typos.
Tables and Figures
All figures and tables must be referred to in your text before they appear on the page.
Figures and tables should appear on the same page as or the page after the text that refers to them.
All figures and tables need captions. Captions go below figures and above tables.
Quotations and Citations
Quotations and citations are crucial components of a research paper and must be present.
Failure to properly cite research sources and borrowed ideas is plagiarism.
Refer to APA style guide for assistance with properly citing quoted and/or borrowed materials and ideas.
Milestones
WEEK
ACTION REQUIRED
1
Familiarize yourself with course content and select an organization and problem area to research.
2
Submit written project proposal containi.
Critical Task 2 Rubric Critical Elements Exemplary (1.docxannettsparrow
Critical Task 2 Rubric
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Main Elements Includes all of the main
elements and requirements
and cites ample appropriate
support to illustrate each
element
Includes most of the main
elements and requirements
and cites appropriate support
to illustrate each element
Includes some of the main
elements and requirements
Does not include any of the
main elements and
requirements
25
Inquiry and Analysis Explores multiple reasons and
offers accurate and in-depth
analysis of the argument in its
structural form
Explores some reasons and
offers somewhat accurate and
in-depth analysis of the
argument in its structural form
Explores minimal reasons and
offers minimally accurate
analysis of the argument in its
structural form
Does not explore reasons and
analysis of evidence and does
not offer accurate analysis of
the argument in its structural
form
20
Integration and
Application
All of the course concepts are
correctly applied
Most of the course concepts
are correctly applied
Some of the course concepts
are correctly applied
Does not correctly apply any of
the course concepts
10
Critical Thinking Demonstrates comprehensive
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion about
the argument
Demonstrates moderate
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion about
the argument
Demonstrates minimal
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion about
the argument
Does not demonstrate
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion about
the argument
20
Research Incorporates a pertinent
scholarly resource (the
editorial) that fulfills the
requirements and effectively
reflects research
Incorporates a somewhat
pertinent scholarly resource
that fulfills the requirements
and effectively reflects research
Incorporates a minimally
pertinent scholarly resource
that somewhat fulfills the
requirements and minimally
reflects research
Does not incorporate a
pertinent scholarly resource, or
does not include a resource
that fulfills the requirements
15
Writing
(Mechanics/Citations)
No errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Minor errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Some errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Major errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
10
Earned Total 100%
MSL 5080, Methods of Analysis for Business Operations 1
Course Description
Practical examination of quantitative analysis techniques in strategic business decision making and the management of
production and service operations. Introduces tools such as forecasting, decision analysis simulation, linear .
DHA Prospectus FormStudents Complete your doctoral prospectus LinaCovington707
DHA Prospectus Form
Students | Complete your doctoral prospectus within this form. Write your responses in the white spaces using a scholarly tone and include in-text citations and APA reference entries where appropriate. You can click on underlined terms and headings for descriptions, resource links, and examples located in the Appendix. For additional prospectus information and resources, refer to the Doctoral Research Coach. Complete the Research Design Alignment Table within this form using the information from earlier sections and self-assess your research design alignment. Submit this completed form into MyDR for formal evaluation and feedback when your committee chair indicates that you are ready to do so.
Student’s Name | Click or tap here to enter text. Student ID | Click or tap here to enter text.
Program and Specialization* | Click or tap here to enter text. Submission Date |Click arrow to select a date.
*Remember that your study focus must be within the realm of your program and specialization area.
Evaluators Only | Complete this section and provide feedback on responses and rubric scores in the form where noted.
Committee Chairperson Name: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
Second Committee Member Name: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
PhD Program Director: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
Title
In 12 words or less, what is the working title for this study? Include the topic, variables and relationship between them, and the most critical key words.
Replace this text with your title.
Supporting Literature
The first step in developing your prospectus is to search the literature related to the general area related to healthcare administration you want to investigate (see social problem below).In your review of recent, empirical literature, what keywords did you search and in what databases?
The keywords and databases searched included Replace this text with your response.
Search Log
Database
Search Terms
Results
Notes
Provide at maximum of 10brief summaries of recent, scholarly (peer-reviewed) articles and empirical literature. The summaries should include: a) 3 – 5 brief summaries within the last 5 years that justify a current and relevant problem in your discipline or professional field; b) article(s) that support your theoretical/conceptual framework; c) article that supports your Nature of the Study section; d) additional articles that support that your problem is current and relevant to your discipline or professional field for a total of 10 brief summaries.
Include the complete, APA reference entry and(a) an in-text citation; (b) what was studied; (c) what was found; and (d) why this research is important in relation to your study. This evidence provides the justification for your research problem.
HSO Justification Literature
(minimum of 3 sources within last 5 years ju ...
PPOG 500
Criteria
Points Possible
Points Earned
Content/Development:
All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. All elements of the paper as described in the instructions are thoroughly analyzed.
Content is comprehensive, accurate, and/or persuasive.
Major points are stated clearly and are supported by professional literature and/or logic. Student employs sound, reasoned analysis based on sufficient support, rather than mere opinion.
Meaningful use of source material and analytical reasoning to elaborate upon the topic or theme.
Research is adequate and timely for the topic.
Adequate quality and quantity of cited sources to support positions.
Quality of Analysis. Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Organization:
The introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points.
Ideas flow in a logical sequence.
The structure of the paper is clear and easy to follow. All necessary aspects of the assignment as described in the instructions are clearly identifiable and adequately addressed.
The paper’s organization emphasizes the central theme or purpose.
Paragraph transitions are present, logical, and direct the flow of thought throughout the paper.
The conclusion logically derives from the paper’s ideas.
Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Format:
Page requirements met. Citation requirements met.
The paper is laid out effectively and uses reader-friendly aids (e.g., section summaries, tables of contents, indices, appendices, etc.) when appropriate.
The reference page(s) contains complete, properly formatted, current Turabian style citations for all support utilized.
The paper follows current Turabian format.
The paper is written in 12pt font, Times New Roman, double-spaced and 1” margins.
Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Grammar/Punctuation/Spelling:
Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed.
Spelling is correct. Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Readability/Style:
Sentences are complete, clear and concise; Rhetorical skill shown.
Sentences are well constructed with consistently strong and varied structure.
Sentence transitions are present and direct the flow of thought.
Words used are precise, accurate, clear, and unambiguous.
Authoritative, persuasive, and statesmanlike voice.
Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Total
Research and Writing Assignment: “Separation of Church and State”
Grading Rubric
Instructor’s Comments:
Research Paper
Introduction | Possible Course Project Topics | Grading Rubrics
Introduction
This course project gives you the opportunity to select a problem that currently exists in our healthcare system and analyze its implications on our healthcare system. The paper should critically analyze the issues related to the topic and identify key strategies for improvem.
Project Organizational Level of AnalysisPurpose · To explore.docxwkyra78
Project: Organizational Level of Analysis
Purpose:
· To explore and better understand organizational performance and effectiveness through an organizational level perspective.
Related to the following course objectives:
· based on an understanding of human behavior, create and sustain an organizational environment that leads to high performance
· analyze and respond to leadership challenges such as decision making, change, conflict resolution, and organizational commitment in an organization at every level
Deliverable:
Approximately eight-page paper, including a cover page containing your name, assignment title, course name, the date, and the professor's name, and research references.
Introduction to Assignment
For this assignment, you will research and analyze the organizational performance and effectiveness of one of the organizations listed below. You will also propose OB-relevant recommendations for change and improvement.
Google
Target
Microsoft
Wal-Mart
FAA
FDIC
Alternative organizations may be selected for analysis but will require my approval. I would, for example, be open to discussing uniquely challenged organizations, such as the US Airways-American Airlines merger, or Dell, which recently announced a move to go private after many years as a public company. Contact me about alternative Final Project topics by posting a message under Content/Ask the Professor.
Your analysis should include:
1. 1. an interview, if available, of organizational members, stakeholders, or qualified relevantly-experienced OB experts familiar with your topic
2. 2. research findings of the organization's web sites
3. 3. data, information and ideas, particularly from Weeks 6 and 7 readings/resources, and at least four outside academic or credible, respected business publications
4. 4. a SWOT analysis on the organization.
5. 5. documented and evaluated OB strategies or interventions that the organization could use to enhance its overall performance and effectiveness.
6. 6. proposed and evaluated OB-related recommendations for improvements in the organization.
Read and follow all the Instructions carefully. Your analysis should evidence critical thinking skills (review Bloom’s Taxonomy) in identifying and explaining organizational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Emphasize course materials and resources assigned for Weeks 6 and 7; namely, but not limited to, managing groups and teams, group behavior, work and self-managed teams, communication, conflict and negotiation, and decision-making, along with outside research material. Strive for originality and depth. Use examples and research information to support claims. Use American Psychological Association (APA) format for in-text citations and the reference list. Use the comprehensive outline format described in Instruction 9 to present your research, findings, analysis, and recommendations.
Instructions
1) Review the assignment purpose, cou ...
Case Study 1 Individual Level of AnalysisPurpose ·To rec.docxromeliadoan
Case Study 1: Individual Level of Analysis
Purpose
:
·
To recognize and better understand the effect of individual characteristics and behavior (individual level of analysis) on organizational performance and effectiveness.
Related to the following course objective:
·
Maximize individual contributions to the organization based on an understanding of individual behavior
Deliverable
:
Three to four-page paper, in addition to a cover page containing your name, the course name, the date, and the professor's name, and bibliography.
Introduction to Assignment
For this assignment, you will read and analyze Case Study 1: Reach for the Stars—Developing Salespeople, Achieving Organizational Success. The case describes information and key observations concerning manager and worker behavior. You will identify and—to evidence critical thinking skills—analyze the critical incidents (problems, situations, issues, and consequences) in the case influencing individual and organizational performance and effectiveness, and make appropriate recommendations to improve problems, meet challenges, and take advantage of opportunities.
Overall, your analysis should include:
Identification and explanation of all relevant OB concepts and theories, using examples where appropriate
Explanation of the specific case characteristics, incidents and/or situations that addresses the concepts or theories
Analysis of the relevance of identifying and better understanding individual characteristics
Analysis of pros and cons of key incidents or situations (i.e., what are the drawbacks and/or positives associated with the situation as it related to individual performance and/or organizational productivity and effectiveness?)
Specific recommendations to address problems, challenges, and opportunities, and a proposed follow-up or evaluation
Read and follow all the Instructions carefully.
The paper must clearly demonstrate your ability to understand how and why individual characteristics and behavior influence organizational performance and effectiveness.
Demonstrate critical thinking, as described under higher thinking levels in Bloom’s Taxonomy (find through Google). Strive to be original along with applying data, information, and ideas from the required reading and outside research.
Use examples and research information to support claims.
Use American Psychological Association (APA) format for in-text citations and the reference list.
Use the comprehensive outline format described in Instruction 9 to present your research findings, analysis, recommendations, and significant personal learning.
Instructions
1)
Review the assignment purpose, course objective, and introduction above and the Assignment Grading rubric
.
2)
Read the case below,
Reach for the Stars—Developing Salespeople, Achieving Organizational Success.
Your analysis must evidence understanding of the case's specific characters, context, and circumstances. Avoid generalizations that might apply to simil.
Consider selecting a company for which you or a family member workAlleneMcclendon878
Consider selecting a company for which you or a family member works. You might also choose a civic organization. To ensure your selection sets you up for success in all assignments, be sure that your company:
· Is one with which you are familiar and is one in which you have access to internal processes.
· Has a true issue that need to be resolved.
· Is one for which you can think of possible solutions to the issue that are realistic and enforceable.
This assignment is two part, first write a 1–2 page double-spaced paper in which you will discuss:
· Your selected organization. Please use AAA of Michigan
· The issue you will be analyzing.
· How the issue hinders organization efficiency.
Then complete the following with the aforementioned information:
The new CEO has selected your consulting firm to provide an analysis of the organizational efficiency.
Write a 3–4 page, double-spaced paper in which you will present to the CEO your findings during your research steps. You must propose strategic solutions in your paper to include the following:
1. Describe the organization and the issue to resolve: Please use AAA of Michigan as the origination
. Provide a brief description of the organization you selected.
. Present the organizational issue that adversely affected productivity and that you, the consultant, will review and resolve.
. This information can be summarized from part 1 of your assignment.
· Analyze current corporate culture:
. How has the current corporate culture facilitated the development of the current issue? Research the organization, dig into the culture, and analyze how it contributed to this issue. Hint: Review the mission and vision statements as well as the corporate Web site.
· Identify areas of weakness:
. What are the organization's areas of weakness as they relate to the issue? Apply your research on organizational behavior approaches to aspects of corporate culture—such as diversity, teamwork, and motivational strategies—to help identify the areas of weakness.
· Propose solutions:
. What organizational practices would you modify? What solutions would you recommend to management that would help solve the identified weaknesses? As a consultant, you will identify the suggestions and solutions you would present to the organization's leadership with regard to modifying current organizational practices to resolve the issue.
· References and citations:
. Provide at least three quality resources such as the course textbook, a company Web site, business Web sites (CNBC, Bloomberg, etc.), resources from the Strayer Library, and/or outside sources. Note: Wikipedia and Web-based blogs do not qualify as credible resources.
Description: Part One
·
Exemplary
Competent
Satisfactory
Needs Improvement
Unacceptable
Original Post
Points:
15 (50.00%)
Answers all questions in a thoughtful, logical and well-organized manner. Makes strong connections to previous and/or current course content or to real-life experiences.
Points:
12.75 ...
-I am unable to accept emailed exams or late exams. No exception.docxgertrudebellgrove
-I am unable to accept emailed exams or late exams. No exceptions.
-For technical issues you would need to go through tech support.
-Turn in work early to avoid technical issues. Technical issues are not a valid reason for failing to submit work.
-Make sure to research the exam drop box and where to find it a week or more ahead.
-Make sure to read all announcements and most importantly around exam times.
-The Professor has 2-3 days to grade the exam and once graded you need to check your grade book. I do not release exam grades via email.
-For any directions only contact your Professor, DO NOT use “all student” email to email other students because this only confuses them and points will be deducted as well as violations of the course policies
--Most exams you are given a FULL WEEK to complete. I also indicate day one of the course what the exam will cover and include. Do not email me the last minute to turn in work or ask any questions. I may not be available the hour before an exam so it is important to plan ahead.
- Review the sample exam to gain an A. Follow the length, and structured, apply APA format and go in depth. It is not too rough but points are deducted for failing to following the samples.
-Please do BOTH (1) copy and paste your work into the dropbox comment are or area provided, PLUS (2) attach the file. PLEASE DO BOTH. For attachments it must be in word. If it is any other format, or I am unable to open the file (such as word perfect) a 0 (zero) will be granted and no re-submissions will be allowed)
-See your course due dates for any dates as well as announcements. These are set and well planned week 1.
-Do not use work you previously submitted this term or a past one, do not work with anyone and do not plagiarize. This will result in a 0/F and I want you to gain an A!
-1 page each question, APA format.
-Keep an eye on your gradebook for grades. I am unable to respond to “confirm” if it is submitted or not, you can do so with tech support if needed.
NOTE +++IF YOUR TEXT DOES NOT HAVE END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS, YOU MAY SUMMARIZE EACH CHAPTER IN DEPTH, THAT MEANS ALL CHAPTERS 7,8,9,10,11,12
EXAM worth 25 points.
READ ALL OF THE DIRECTIONS OR POINTS WILL BE DEDUCTED.
Grades will be final and I will not discuss the grade or
change a grade under any circumstances.
Work alone.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Feel free to attach and/or copy and paste the work into the provided drop box.
No emailed papers will count.
IF YOUR CLASS HAS A DROPBOX THAT IS THE MAIN AREA TO SUBMIT THE EXAM
If I cannot open it I will not GRADE IT.
I will not accept ANY late work for exams.
FOLLOW THE DATES IN THE SYLLABUS ONLY!
YOU HAVE till the date listed on the syllabus to email it back to me. Good luck!
USE APA FORMAT
Please email me with any questions. DO NOT WORK WITH ANYONE! Put time into it and go IN DEPTH!
Please apply Primary sources, journals, articles, etc.
The Midterm is essay/short answer. Use the readings, the discussion .
-delineate characteristics, prevalence of exceptionality-evalua.docxgertrudebellgrove
-delineate characteristics, prevalence of exceptionality
-evaluate causes and concerns of each exceptionality
-critique and analyses component of the IEP
-identify and analyze instructional assessment and strategies to the individual with the exceptional needs
Follow the rubs. 4 DOUBLE SPACE with running head
.
-1st play name is READY STEADY YETI GO-2nd play name is INTO .docxgertrudebellgrove
-1st play name is "READY STEADY YETI GO"
-2nd play name is "INTO THE WOODS "
REVIEW PAPER GUIDELINES (3 pages,
Essay format) Introduction
Plot
What happens?
E.g., “Mother Courage follows the misadventures of Courage and her children over a ten year period during the 100 Years War...”
How does it happen?
E.g., “The play is built in a series of episodes, alternating personal struggles against a backdrop of the larger social/political struggles.”
What does it mean?
A one-two sentence that captures the essence of the action. In the case of Epic Theatre, this statement is primarily about the intended “lesson” of the play. E.g., “MC is about how capitalism inevitably leads to the corruption then destruction of society—from nations to families.”
Rhythm
Flow of the plots?
Character
Main character Description
E.g., “Courage is a middle-aged mother of three who will stop at nothing to exploit the financial opportunities she encounters. Her role in the play is ‘survivor.’ Her character is the ‘anti-mom’—a woman who sees her children (and other human beings) as a collection of debits and credits.”
Second Character Description
Thought—what are the ideas in the play
e.g., Mother Courage looks at the intersection of war and commerce and how one feeds off the other, to the destruction of land, civilization, and families. The ideas arise out of the work of Karl Marx. Summarize--
Historical (Where and When) Philosophical (What & Why)
Diction--
Summarize the language the playwright uses. How do the characters speak?
E.g., prose, poetry, cliché, long speeches, short, etc.?
7 of 8
Music—
is more than song, but the SOUND of the play. Describe the aural environment created and executed in the production.
Spectacle
—describe the visual environment of light and scenery created for the production, and their execution and relevance (e.g., it could look great but mean nothing, or it could look terrible but somehow it works!)
Conclusion
A paragraph about your particular feelings about the play—did it engage you? Were you changed, even a little? Goethe asked three questions—What was it trying to do? How well was it done? Was it worth doing? Answer these questions.
.
-6th-Edition-Template-without-Abstract.dotWhat are Heuristics .docxgertrudebellgrove
-6th-Edition-Template-without-Abstract.dot
What are Heuristics and can it lead to bias?
Why is Maslow's Hierarchy a basic psychological stable? (Watch the video for better understanding and cite it)
How does FEAR keep you alive? (See emotions and feelings video)
Please write 300 or more words and APA to address the above concepts for week four.
.
- write one 5-7 page paper about All forms of Euthanasia are moral..docxgertrudebellgrove
- write one 5-7 page paper about All forms of Euthanasia are moral.
- Argumentative/Persuasive paper structure
- Include an introduction and conclusion. The main points of your paper should be identified in
the introduction.
- include at least three arguments to support the position
- Include at least one opposing argument against your topic
- times new roman font
- double spaced
- 12 point font size
- work cited page
.
-1st Play name is BERNHARDTHAMLET -2nd Play name is READY ST.docxgertrudebellgrove
-1st Play name is "BERNHARDT/HAMLET "
-2nd Play name is "READY STEADY YETI GO"
PREVIEW PAPER GUIDELINES
1. Title of Show
2. Playwright (and, if musical, Composer, Librettist)
3. Creative Team: Lead actors, Director, Designers (if musical, Choreographer and Music Director)
4. Venue: Broadway, Off-Broadway, College, etc. (incl. # of seats, cost of a regular ticket
5. Audience: (that is, what demographic is the production trying to attract?) Whom do you think would come and enjoy the performance?
Substantiate this claim by citing advertising evidence--type of ad, where it is advertised (e.g., NY Times, TimeOut New York, Internet, radio)
6. In one sentence, what's the story about?
7. In three sentences, what is your expectation? E.g., Deliriously excited? Modestly intrigued? Morbidly curious? Apathetic? Anxiously anticipating? Horrifically terrified? Dolefully dreading? And why?
.
. 1. Rutter and Sroufe identified _____________ as one of three impo.docxgertrudebellgrove
. 1. Rutter and Sroufe identified _____________ as one of three important areas of focus in the future of developmental psychopathology.
A. How cause and effect underlie childhood disorders
B. The role of the media in the life of the modern child.
C. Creating a stricter definition of normal behavior.
D. Fetal development’s influence on childhood behavior
2. Which of the following questions is not appropriate on a mental status exam?
A. What’s four times five?
B. Who’s the current president of the United States?
C. What day of the week is it today?
D. Who wrote the Harry Potter books?
3. State laws can influence decision making in all the following ways, except
A. who can legally provide consent for the child.
B. beneficence and maleficence
C. timelines for reporting suspected child abuse
D. custodial versus noncustodial parental rights
4. The transactional model was developed to
A. illustrate how even very disabled children are able to adapt to their environments.
B. analyze exactly which characteristics are passed from a caregiver to a child.
C. predict the future of a child’s development by analyzing past events and behaviors.
D. show how a child adapts to an environment and how the environment changes as a result.
5. All of the following are true concerning the APA 10 ethical standards except
A. the standards were useful in past decades but are no longer useful.
B. the standards address appropriate advertising and displays of public information.
C. the standards address matters pertaining to research and publication.
D. the standards assist professionals to resolve ethical issues.
6. Which of the following is true regarding the age of majority?
A. It’s 18 in 34 of the U.S. States.
B. It’s 19 years in all Canadian provinces.
C. It’s 18 years of age in every USA State
D. It’s not an important consideration for psychologists working with children.
7. In the context of Sue’s 2006 article on cultural competent treatment, gift giving refers to
A. giving a token gift to the client
B. rules about barbering
C. accepting a gift from the client
D. gifts of therapy, such as reduced tension
8. Which of the following is one of the guiding principle of the American Psychological Association (APA).
A. Generosity
B. Duplicity
C. Felicity
D. Integrity
9. Mash and Wolfe (2002) suggest three goals of assessment . Which of the following is not one of the goals?
A. Diagnosis
B. Treatment planning
C. Prognosis
D. Research
10. Using the K-3 Paradigm involves knowledge of
A. brain chemistry
B. the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
C. a child’s family medical history
D. developmental expectations
12. Which of the following is true regarding a functional behavioral assessment?
A. An FBA assesses the degree to which a behavior exists.
B. An FBA is norms-based.
C. The FBA was developed to analyzed why a behavior exists.
D. The use of FBA has been discouraged by the American Psycholo.
-Prior to the Civil War, how did the (dominant) discourse over the U.docxgertrudebellgrove
-Prior to the Civil War, how did the (dominant) discourse over the United States’ future reach a crisis point? What were the arguments regarding the Constitutionality of slavery and notions of citizenship? How did relative definitions of liberty/freedom/equality become irreconcilable?
.
- Using the definition Awareness of sensation and perception to ex.docxgertrudebellgrove
- Using
the definition Awareness of sensation and perception to explain why or why not dolphins have consciousness
!
-
two to three paragraph explanation
-
Specify the definition you are using.
Then demonstrate appropriate application of that definition.
- You should describe the creature you are exploring and its behavior for those unfamiliar with it.
- Stick to behaviors that are relevant to whether the creature has consciousness or not under your chosen definition.
- The behavior must be observable! You declaring that a creature "looks fearful/happy/sad" is not on observation, it's an opinion.
- Present arguments that illustrates your position.
* For example, "Research has shown (citation if available can help) that Orangutans can recognize themselves in the mirror and realize the image they see is a reflection of themselves. This suggests they have awareness of their themselves as separate from the environment and others."
.
- should include an introduction to the environmental issue and its .docxgertrudebellgrove
- should include an introduction to the environmental issue and its location
- next portion should be about the opposing views (atleast 3 cons. and 3 possible solutions to the cons) The cons needs to be focused on the environmental impact of the problem, not just how it's affecting humans. What is it doing to the ecosystems?
- must be 4 pages double-spaced not including references and include in-text citation
-not opinion based!!
.
- FIRST EXAM SPRING 20201. Describe how the view of operations.docxgertrudebellgrove
- FIRST EXAM SPRING 2020
1. Describe how the view of operations as a process can be applied to the following:
a. Acquisition of another company
b. Marketing Research for a New Product
c. Design of an Information System
2. An operations manager was heard complaining
“My boss never listens to me ----- all the boss wants from me is to avoid making waves. I rarely get any capital to improve operations. Also, we do not have weekly, biweekly or even monthly meetings with our product managers, supply chain department, customer service or the sales department. We only meet with the accounting and finance departments when there are issues with the monthly budgets. Furthermore, our department has interacted with information service department about four times in past fiscal year”
Please assess the following:
a. Whether this business has a business strategy ?
b. Does it have an operations strategy?
c. What would you recommend?
3. Firm A has recorded the following costs in 2018:
Incoming materials and inspection $20,000
Training of Personnel $40,000
Warranty $45,000
Process Planning $15,000
Scrap $13,000
Quality Laboratory $30,000
Rework $25,000
Allowances $10,000
Complaints $14,000
a. What are the Prevention, Appraisal, Internal Failure and External Failure costs?
b. What inferences can you draw on Quality Measures taken by Firm A?
c. What would you recommend to improve quality programs in Firm A?
d. What initiatives should Firm A implement for 2019 and 2020?
4. Please explain the House of Quality (QFD) as discussed in class.
5. A certain process is under statistical control and has a mean value of 130 and a standard deviation of 8. The specifications for the process are:
a. USL (upper specification limit) = 150
b. LSL(lower specification limit) =100
a. Calculate the cp and cpk
b. Which of these indices is a better measure of process capability and why?
c. Assuminng a normal distribution what percentage of output is expected to fall ourside the specification. Why is it important to know this?
d. What would you recommend?
2
Chapter 7
Government Ethics
and the Law
William A. Myers, Ph.D.
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
• Describe some of the reasons why there has
been a loss of trust in government.
• Explain the purpose of various government
committees on ethics.
• Discuss how public policy protects the rights of
citizens.
Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
• Describe federal laws designed to protect each
individual’s rights.
• Explain the concept of political malpractice.
• Understand the importance of ethics in public
service.
Let every American, every lover of liberty, every
well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood
of the Revolution, never to violate in the least
particular, the laws of the country; and never to
tolerate their violation by others.
—Abraham Lincoln
Executive Branch:
U.S. Office of Government Ethics
• Exercises leadership .
- Considering the concepts, examples and learning from the v.docxgertrudebellgrove
- Considering the concepts, examples and learning from the various modules you have attended this year, summarise and reflect on in a critical way what you think are the key elements (both internal and external to businesses) that organisations should consider to develop and grow responsibly and effectively in today’s economy.
.
- Discuss why a computer incident response team (CIRT) plan is neede.docxgertrudebellgrove
- Discuss why a computer incident response team (CIRT) plan is needed, and its purpose.
- Why are the roles and responsibilities important to be listed and kept updated for a CIRT plan.
- Connect the dots: Discuss your understanding of the CIRT incident handling procedures, the role policies play, and the importance of communication escalation procedures.
- What are some best practices for implementing a CIRT plan? Do some personal research to answer this questions.
.
More Related Content
Similar to QSO 500 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docx
ObjectiveResearch shows that people learn effectively when working.docxarnit1
Objective
Research shows that people learn effectively when working on real problems grounded in their own work experience. To this end, our course project is designed to incorporate students' work experience into the learning process in this course.
The project is an opportunity to explore, in-depth, a topic related to the course objectives (TCOs) that is of significance to you or your organization (current or former).
Summary
Members of the class are required to prepare an applied research paper, with a minimum of 10 pages but not to exceed 12 pages in length (excluding cover page and appendices), on a specific issue related to leadership or organizational behavior.
Guidelines
Topic Selection
Select a
specific
organization of interest to you and identify a problem at the firm related to organizational behavior (OB).
Think of yourself as an organizational consultant and assume that a key manager has requested a thorough analysis and recommended course of action to resolve an actual organizational problem that will make a difference to the future performance of the organization.
Identify which of our TCOs or specific topics in the syllabus are related to the problem you identify.
Research Sources
All papers must have a minimum of six scholarly sources cited within the text of the paper and identified in the references section.
Additional research sources can be attached in a bibliography.
Review the following document for instructions on how to access and use EBSCOhost for your research:
EBSCOhost
.
Paper Format
All papers should be single sided, double-spaced, using a 11- or 12-point font.
Length of the paper to be between 10 and 12 pages, not counting cover page and appendices.
The first page should include the title of the work, student name, address, telephone and e-mail address, course number, date, and instructor name.
Follow APA style for general format and citations.
Paper sections must adhere to the guidelines below and each section must be labeled in the text.
Language should be clear, concise, and precise.
Tone should be professional, consistent, and not filled with jargon.
Grammar and syntax (sentence structure) must be correct.
Report must be free of misspellings and typos.
Tables and Figures
All figures and tables must be referred to in your text before they appear on the page.
Figures and tables should appear on the same page as or the page after the text that refers to them.
All figures and tables need captions. Captions go below figures and above tables.
Quotations and Citations
Quotations and citations are crucial components of a research paper and must be present.
Failure to properly cite research sources and borrowed ideas is plagiarism.
Refer to APA style guide for assistance with properly citing quoted and/or borrowed materials and ideas.
Milestones
WEEK
ACTION REQUIRED
1
Familiarize yourself with course content and select an organization and problem area to research.
2
Submit written project proposal containi.
Critical Task 2 Rubric Critical Elements Exemplary (1.docxannettsparrow
Critical Task 2 Rubric
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Main Elements Includes all of the main
elements and requirements
and cites ample appropriate
support to illustrate each
element
Includes most of the main
elements and requirements
and cites appropriate support
to illustrate each element
Includes some of the main
elements and requirements
Does not include any of the
main elements and
requirements
25
Inquiry and Analysis Explores multiple reasons and
offers accurate and in-depth
analysis of the argument in its
structural form
Explores some reasons and
offers somewhat accurate and
in-depth analysis of the
argument in its structural form
Explores minimal reasons and
offers minimally accurate
analysis of the argument in its
structural form
Does not explore reasons and
analysis of evidence and does
not offer accurate analysis of
the argument in its structural
form
20
Integration and
Application
All of the course concepts are
correctly applied
Most of the course concepts
are correctly applied
Some of the course concepts
are correctly applied
Does not correctly apply any of
the course concepts
10
Critical Thinking Demonstrates comprehensive
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion about
the argument
Demonstrates moderate
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion about
the argument
Demonstrates minimal
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion about
the argument
Does not demonstrate
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion about
the argument
20
Research Incorporates a pertinent
scholarly resource (the
editorial) that fulfills the
requirements and effectively
reflects research
Incorporates a somewhat
pertinent scholarly resource
that fulfills the requirements
and effectively reflects research
Incorporates a minimally
pertinent scholarly resource
that somewhat fulfills the
requirements and minimally
reflects research
Does not incorporate a
pertinent scholarly resource, or
does not include a resource
that fulfills the requirements
15
Writing
(Mechanics/Citations)
No errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Minor errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Some errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Major errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
10
Earned Total 100%
MSL 5080, Methods of Analysis for Business Operations 1
Course Description
Practical examination of quantitative analysis techniques in strategic business decision making and the management of
production and service operations. Introduces tools such as forecasting, decision analysis simulation, linear .
DHA Prospectus FormStudents Complete your doctoral prospectus LinaCovington707
DHA Prospectus Form
Students | Complete your doctoral prospectus within this form. Write your responses in the white spaces using a scholarly tone and include in-text citations and APA reference entries where appropriate. You can click on underlined terms and headings for descriptions, resource links, and examples located in the Appendix. For additional prospectus information and resources, refer to the Doctoral Research Coach. Complete the Research Design Alignment Table within this form using the information from earlier sections and self-assess your research design alignment. Submit this completed form into MyDR for formal evaluation and feedback when your committee chair indicates that you are ready to do so.
Student’s Name | Click or tap here to enter text. Student ID | Click or tap here to enter text.
Program and Specialization* | Click or tap here to enter text. Submission Date |Click arrow to select a date.
*Remember that your study focus must be within the realm of your program and specialization area.
Evaluators Only | Complete this section and provide feedback on responses and rubric scores in the form where noted.
Committee Chairperson Name: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
Second Committee Member Name: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
PhD Program Director: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
Title
In 12 words or less, what is the working title for this study? Include the topic, variables and relationship between them, and the most critical key words.
Replace this text with your title.
Supporting Literature
The first step in developing your prospectus is to search the literature related to the general area related to healthcare administration you want to investigate (see social problem below).In your review of recent, empirical literature, what keywords did you search and in what databases?
The keywords and databases searched included Replace this text with your response.
Search Log
Database
Search Terms
Results
Notes
Provide at maximum of 10brief summaries of recent, scholarly (peer-reviewed) articles and empirical literature. The summaries should include: a) 3 – 5 brief summaries within the last 5 years that justify a current and relevant problem in your discipline or professional field; b) article(s) that support your theoretical/conceptual framework; c) article that supports your Nature of the Study section; d) additional articles that support that your problem is current and relevant to your discipline or professional field for a total of 10 brief summaries.
Include the complete, APA reference entry and(a) an in-text citation; (b) what was studied; (c) what was found; and (d) why this research is important in relation to your study. This evidence provides the justification for your research problem.
HSO Justification Literature
(minimum of 3 sources within last 5 years ju ...
PPOG 500
Criteria
Points Possible
Points Earned
Content/Development:
All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. All elements of the paper as described in the instructions are thoroughly analyzed.
Content is comprehensive, accurate, and/or persuasive.
Major points are stated clearly and are supported by professional literature and/or logic. Student employs sound, reasoned analysis based on sufficient support, rather than mere opinion.
Meaningful use of source material and analytical reasoning to elaborate upon the topic or theme.
Research is adequate and timely for the topic.
Adequate quality and quantity of cited sources to support positions.
Quality of Analysis. Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Organization:
The introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points.
Ideas flow in a logical sequence.
The structure of the paper is clear and easy to follow. All necessary aspects of the assignment as described in the instructions are clearly identifiable and adequately addressed.
The paper’s organization emphasizes the central theme or purpose.
Paragraph transitions are present, logical, and direct the flow of thought throughout the paper.
The conclusion logically derives from the paper’s ideas.
Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Format:
Page requirements met. Citation requirements met.
The paper is laid out effectively and uses reader-friendly aids (e.g., section summaries, tables of contents, indices, appendices, etc.) when appropriate.
The reference page(s) contains complete, properly formatted, current Turabian style citations for all support utilized.
The paper follows current Turabian format.
The paper is written in 12pt font, Times New Roman, double-spaced and 1” margins.
Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Grammar/Punctuation/Spelling:
Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed.
Spelling is correct. Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Readability/Style:
Sentences are complete, clear and concise; Rhetorical skill shown.
Sentences are well constructed with consistently strong and varied structure.
Sentence transitions are present and direct the flow of thought.
Words used are precise, accurate, clear, and unambiguous.
Authoritative, persuasive, and statesmanlike voice.
Lessons from applicable modules/weeks fully incorporated.
0 to 20 points
Total
Research and Writing Assignment: “Separation of Church and State”
Grading Rubric
Instructor’s Comments:
Research Paper
Introduction | Possible Course Project Topics | Grading Rubrics
Introduction
This course project gives you the opportunity to select a problem that currently exists in our healthcare system and analyze its implications on our healthcare system. The paper should critically analyze the issues related to the topic and identify key strategies for improvem.
Project Organizational Level of AnalysisPurpose · To explore.docxwkyra78
Project: Organizational Level of Analysis
Purpose:
· To explore and better understand organizational performance and effectiveness through an organizational level perspective.
Related to the following course objectives:
· based on an understanding of human behavior, create and sustain an organizational environment that leads to high performance
· analyze and respond to leadership challenges such as decision making, change, conflict resolution, and organizational commitment in an organization at every level
Deliverable:
Approximately eight-page paper, including a cover page containing your name, assignment title, course name, the date, and the professor's name, and research references.
Introduction to Assignment
For this assignment, you will research and analyze the organizational performance and effectiveness of one of the organizations listed below. You will also propose OB-relevant recommendations for change and improvement.
Google
Target
Microsoft
Wal-Mart
FAA
FDIC
Alternative organizations may be selected for analysis but will require my approval. I would, for example, be open to discussing uniquely challenged organizations, such as the US Airways-American Airlines merger, or Dell, which recently announced a move to go private after many years as a public company. Contact me about alternative Final Project topics by posting a message under Content/Ask the Professor.
Your analysis should include:
1. 1. an interview, if available, of organizational members, stakeholders, or qualified relevantly-experienced OB experts familiar with your topic
2. 2. research findings of the organization's web sites
3. 3. data, information and ideas, particularly from Weeks 6 and 7 readings/resources, and at least four outside academic or credible, respected business publications
4. 4. a SWOT analysis on the organization.
5. 5. documented and evaluated OB strategies or interventions that the organization could use to enhance its overall performance and effectiveness.
6. 6. proposed and evaluated OB-related recommendations for improvements in the organization.
Read and follow all the Instructions carefully. Your analysis should evidence critical thinking skills (review Bloom’s Taxonomy) in identifying and explaining organizational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Emphasize course materials and resources assigned for Weeks 6 and 7; namely, but not limited to, managing groups and teams, group behavior, work and self-managed teams, communication, conflict and negotiation, and decision-making, along with outside research material. Strive for originality and depth. Use examples and research information to support claims. Use American Psychological Association (APA) format for in-text citations and the reference list. Use the comprehensive outline format described in Instruction 9 to present your research, findings, analysis, and recommendations.
Instructions
1) Review the assignment purpose, cou ...
Case Study 1 Individual Level of AnalysisPurpose ·To rec.docxromeliadoan
Case Study 1: Individual Level of Analysis
Purpose
:
·
To recognize and better understand the effect of individual characteristics and behavior (individual level of analysis) on organizational performance and effectiveness.
Related to the following course objective:
·
Maximize individual contributions to the organization based on an understanding of individual behavior
Deliverable
:
Three to four-page paper, in addition to a cover page containing your name, the course name, the date, and the professor's name, and bibliography.
Introduction to Assignment
For this assignment, you will read and analyze Case Study 1: Reach for the Stars—Developing Salespeople, Achieving Organizational Success. The case describes information and key observations concerning manager and worker behavior. You will identify and—to evidence critical thinking skills—analyze the critical incidents (problems, situations, issues, and consequences) in the case influencing individual and organizational performance and effectiveness, and make appropriate recommendations to improve problems, meet challenges, and take advantage of opportunities.
Overall, your analysis should include:
Identification and explanation of all relevant OB concepts and theories, using examples where appropriate
Explanation of the specific case characteristics, incidents and/or situations that addresses the concepts or theories
Analysis of the relevance of identifying and better understanding individual characteristics
Analysis of pros and cons of key incidents or situations (i.e., what are the drawbacks and/or positives associated with the situation as it related to individual performance and/or organizational productivity and effectiveness?)
Specific recommendations to address problems, challenges, and opportunities, and a proposed follow-up or evaluation
Read and follow all the Instructions carefully.
The paper must clearly demonstrate your ability to understand how and why individual characteristics and behavior influence organizational performance and effectiveness.
Demonstrate critical thinking, as described under higher thinking levels in Bloom’s Taxonomy (find through Google). Strive to be original along with applying data, information, and ideas from the required reading and outside research.
Use examples and research information to support claims.
Use American Psychological Association (APA) format for in-text citations and the reference list.
Use the comprehensive outline format described in Instruction 9 to present your research findings, analysis, recommendations, and significant personal learning.
Instructions
1)
Review the assignment purpose, course objective, and introduction above and the Assignment Grading rubric
.
2)
Read the case below,
Reach for the Stars—Developing Salespeople, Achieving Organizational Success.
Your analysis must evidence understanding of the case's specific characters, context, and circumstances. Avoid generalizations that might apply to simil.
Consider selecting a company for which you or a family member workAlleneMcclendon878
Consider selecting a company for which you or a family member works. You might also choose a civic organization. To ensure your selection sets you up for success in all assignments, be sure that your company:
· Is one with which you are familiar and is one in which you have access to internal processes.
· Has a true issue that need to be resolved.
· Is one for which you can think of possible solutions to the issue that are realistic and enforceable.
This assignment is two part, first write a 1–2 page double-spaced paper in which you will discuss:
· Your selected organization. Please use AAA of Michigan
· The issue you will be analyzing.
· How the issue hinders organization efficiency.
Then complete the following with the aforementioned information:
The new CEO has selected your consulting firm to provide an analysis of the organizational efficiency.
Write a 3–4 page, double-spaced paper in which you will present to the CEO your findings during your research steps. You must propose strategic solutions in your paper to include the following:
1. Describe the organization and the issue to resolve: Please use AAA of Michigan as the origination
. Provide a brief description of the organization you selected.
. Present the organizational issue that adversely affected productivity and that you, the consultant, will review and resolve.
. This information can be summarized from part 1 of your assignment.
· Analyze current corporate culture:
. How has the current corporate culture facilitated the development of the current issue? Research the organization, dig into the culture, and analyze how it contributed to this issue. Hint: Review the mission and vision statements as well as the corporate Web site.
· Identify areas of weakness:
. What are the organization's areas of weakness as they relate to the issue? Apply your research on organizational behavior approaches to aspects of corporate culture—such as diversity, teamwork, and motivational strategies—to help identify the areas of weakness.
· Propose solutions:
. What organizational practices would you modify? What solutions would you recommend to management that would help solve the identified weaknesses? As a consultant, you will identify the suggestions and solutions you would present to the organization's leadership with regard to modifying current organizational practices to resolve the issue.
· References and citations:
. Provide at least three quality resources such as the course textbook, a company Web site, business Web sites (CNBC, Bloomberg, etc.), resources from the Strayer Library, and/or outside sources. Note: Wikipedia and Web-based blogs do not qualify as credible resources.
Description: Part One
·
Exemplary
Competent
Satisfactory
Needs Improvement
Unacceptable
Original Post
Points:
15 (50.00%)
Answers all questions in a thoughtful, logical and well-organized manner. Makes strong connections to previous and/or current course content or to real-life experiences.
Points:
12.75 ...
Similar to QSO 500 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docx (9)
-I am unable to accept emailed exams or late exams. No exception.docxgertrudebellgrove
-I am unable to accept emailed exams or late exams. No exceptions.
-For technical issues you would need to go through tech support.
-Turn in work early to avoid technical issues. Technical issues are not a valid reason for failing to submit work.
-Make sure to research the exam drop box and where to find it a week or more ahead.
-Make sure to read all announcements and most importantly around exam times.
-The Professor has 2-3 days to grade the exam and once graded you need to check your grade book. I do not release exam grades via email.
-For any directions only contact your Professor, DO NOT use “all student” email to email other students because this only confuses them and points will be deducted as well as violations of the course policies
--Most exams you are given a FULL WEEK to complete. I also indicate day one of the course what the exam will cover and include. Do not email me the last minute to turn in work or ask any questions. I may not be available the hour before an exam so it is important to plan ahead.
- Review the sample exam to gain an A. Follow the length, and structured, apply APA format and go in depth. It is not too rough but points are deducted for failing to following the samples.
-Please do BOTH (1) copy and paste your work into the dropbox comment are or area provided, PLUS (2) attach the file. PLEASE DO BOTH. For attachments it must be in word. If it is any other format, or I am unable to open the file (such as word perfect) a 0 (zero) will be granted and no re-submissions will be allowed)
-See your course due dates for any dates as well as announcements. These are set and well planned week 1.
-Do not use work you previously submitted this term or a past one, do not work with anyone and do not plagiarize. This will result in a 0/F and I want you to gain an A!
-1 page each question, APA format.
-Keep an eye on your gradebook for grades. I am unable to respond to “confirm” if it is submitted or not, you can do so with tech support if needed.
NOTE +++IF YOUR TEXT DOES NOT HAVE END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS, YOU MAY SUMMARIZE EACH CHAPTER IN DEPTH, THAT MEANS ALL CHAPTERS 7,8,9,10,11,12
EXAM worth 25 points.
READ ALL OF THE DIRECTIONS OR POINTS WILL BE DEDUCTED.
Grades will be final and I will not discuss the grade or
change a grade under any circumstances.
Work alone.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
Feel free to attach and/or copy and paste the work into the provided drop box.
No emailed papers will count.
IF YOUR CLASS HAS A DROPBOX THAT IS THE MAIN AREA TO SUBMIT THE EXAM
If I cannot open it I will not GRADE IT.
I will not accept ANY late work for exams.
FOLLOW THE DATES IN THE SYLLABUS ONLY!
YOU HAVE till the date listed on the syllabus to email it back to me. Good luck!
USE APA FORMAT
Please email me with any questions. DO NOT WORK WITH ANYONE! Put time into it and go IN DEPTH!
Please apply Primary sources, journals, articles, etc.
The Midterm is essay/short answer. Use the readings, the discussion .
-delineate characteristics, prevalence of exceptionality-evalua.docxgertrudebellgrove
-delineate characteristics, prevalence of exceptionality
-evaluate causes and concerns of each exceptionality
-critique and analyses component of the IEP
-identify and analyze instructional assessment and strategies to the individual with the exceptional needs
Follow the rubs. 4 DOUBLE SPACE with running head
.
-1st play name is READY STEADY YETI GO-2nd play name is INTO .docxgertrudebellgrove
-1st play name is "READY STEADY YETI GO"
-2nd play name is "INTO THE WOODS "
REVIEW PAPER GUIDELINES (3 pages,
Essay format) Introduction
Plot
What happens?
E.g., “Mother Courage follows the misadventures of Courage and her children over a ten year period during the 100 Years War...”
How does it happen?
E.g., “The play is built in a series of episodes, alternating personal struggles against a backdrop of the larger social/political struggles.”
What does it mean?
A one-two sentence that captures the essence of the action. In the case of Epic Theatre, this statement is primarily about the intended “lesson” of the play. E.g., “MC is about how capitalism inevitably leads to the corruption then destruction of society—from nations to families.”
Rhythm
Flow of the plots?
Character
Main character Description
E.g., “Courage is a middle-aged mother of three who will stop at nothing to exploit the financial opportunities she encounters. Her role in the play is ‘survivor.’ Her character is the ‘anti-mom’—a woman who sees her children (and other human beings) as a collection of debits and credits.”
Second Character Description
Thought—what are the ideas in the play
e.g., Mother Courage looks at the intersection of war and commerce and how one feeds off the other, to the destruction of land, civilization, and families. The ideas arise out of the work of Karl Marx. Summarize--
Historical (Where and When) Philosophical (What & Why)
Diction--
Summarize the language the playwright uses. How do the characters speak?
E.g., prose, poetry, cliché, long speeches, short, etc.?
7 of 8
Music—
is more than song, but the SOUND of the play. Describe the aural environment created and executed in the production.
Spectacle
—describe the visual environment of light and scenery created for the production, and their execution and relevance (e.g., it could look great but mean nothing, or it could look terrible but somehow it works!)
Conclusion
A paragraph about your particular feelings about the play—did it engage you? Were you changed, even a little? Goethe asked three questions—What was it trying to do? How well was it done? Was it worth doing? Answer these questions.
.
-6th-Edition-Template-without-Abstract.dotWhat are Heuristics .docxgertrudebellgrove
-6th-Edition-Template-without-Abstract.dot
What are Heuristics and can it lead to bias?
Why is Maslow's Hierarchy a basic psychological stable? (Watch the video for better understanding and cite it)
How does FEAR keep you alive? (See emotions and feelings video)
Please write 300 or more words and APA to address the above concepts for week four.
.
- write one 5-7 page paper about All forms of Euthanasia are moral..docxgertrudebellgrove
- write one 5-7 page paper about All forms of Euthanasia are moral.
- Argumentative/Persuasive paper structure
- Include an introduction and conclusion. The main points of your paper should be identified in
the introduction.
- include at least three arguments to support the position
- Include at least one opposing argument against your topic
- times new roman font
- double spaced
- 12 point font size
- work cited page
.
-1st Play name is BERNHARDTHAMLET -2nd Play name is READY ST.docxgertrudebellgrove
-1st Play name is "BERNHARDT/HAMLET "
-2nd Play name is "READY STEADY YETI GO"
PREVIEW PAPER GUIDELINES
1. Title of Show
2. Playwright (and, if musical, Composer, Librettist)
3. Creative Team: Lead actors, Director, Designers (if musical, Choreographer and Music Director)
4. Venue: Broadway, Off-Broadway, College, etc. (incl. # of seats, cost of a regular ticket
5. Audience: (that is, what demographic is the production trying to attract?) Whom do you think would come and enjoy the performance?
Substantiate this claim by citing advertising evidence--type of ad, where it is advertised (e.g., NY Times, TimeOut New York, Internet, radio)
6. In one sentence, what's the story about?
7. In three sentences, what is your expectation? E.g., Deliriously excited? Modestly intrigued? Morbidly curious? Apathetic? Anxiously anticipating? Horrifically terrified? Dolefully dreading? And why?
.
. 1. Rutter and Sroufe identified _____________ as one of three impo.docxgertrudebellgrove
. 1. Rutter and Sroufe identified _____________ as one of three important areas of focus in the future of developmental psychopathology.
A. How cause and effect underlie childhood disorders
B. The role of the media in the life of the modern child.
C. Creating a stricter definition of normal behavior.
D. Fetal development’s influence on childhood behavior
2. Which of the following questions is not appropriate on a mental status exam?
A. What’s four times five?
B. Who’s the current president of the United States?
C. What day of the week is it today?
D. Who wrote the Harry Potter books?
3. State laws can influence decision making in all the following ways, except
A. who can legally provide consent for the child.
B. beneficence and maleficence
C. timelines for reporting suspected child abuse
D. custodial versus noncustodial parental rights
4. The transactional model was developed to
A. illustrate how even very disabled children are able to adapt to their environments.
B. analyze exactly which characteristics are passed from a caregiver to a child.
C. predict the future of a child’s development by analyzing past events and behaviors.
D. show how a child adapts to an environment and how the environment changes as a result.
5. All of the following are true concerning the APA 10 ethical standards except
A. the standards were useful in past decades but are no longer useful.
B. the standards address appropriate advertising and displays of public information.
C. the standards address matters pertaining to research and publication.
D. the standards assist professionals to resolve ethical issues.
6. Which of the following is true regarding the age of majority?
A. It’s 18 in 34 of the U.S. States.
B. It’s 19 years in all Canadian provinces.
C. It’s 18 years of age in every USA State
D. It’s not an important consideration for psychologists working with children.
7. In the context of Sue’s 2006 article on cultural competent treatment, gift giving refers to
A. giving a token gift to the client
B. rules about barbering
C. accepting a gift from the client
D. gifts of therapy, such as reduced tension
8. Which of the following is one of the guiding principle of the American Psychological Association (APA).
A. Generosity
B. Duplicity
C. Felicity
D. Integrity
9. Mash and Wolfe (2002) suggest three goals of assessment . Which of the following is not one of the goals?
A. Diagnosis
B. Treatment planning
C. Prognosis
D. Research
10. Using the K-3 Paradigm involves knowledge of
A. brain chemistry
B. the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
C. a child’s family medical history
D. developmental expectations
12. Which of the following is true regarding a functional behavioral assessment?
A. An FBA assesses the degree to which a behavior exists.
B. An FBA is norms-based.
C. The FBA was developed to analyzed why a behavior exists.
D. The use of FBA has been discouraged by the American Psycholo.
-Prior to the Civil War, how did the (dominant) discourse over the U.docxgertrudebellgrove
-Prior to the Civil War, how did the (dominant) discourse over the United States’ future reach a crisis point? What were the arguments regarding the Constitutionality of slavery and notions of citizenship? How did relative definitions of liberty/freedom/equality become irreconcilable?
.
- Using the definition Awareness of sensation and perception to ex.docxgertrudebellgrove
- Using
the definition Awareness of sensation and perception to explain why or why not dolphins have consciousness
!
-
two to three paragraph explanation
-
Specify the definition you are using.
Then demonstrate appropriate application of that definition.
- You should describe the creature you are exploring and its behavior for those unfamiliar with it.
- Stick to behaviors that are relevant to whether the creature has consciousness or not under your chosen definition.
- The behavior must be observable! You declaring that a creature "looks fearful/happy/sad" is not on observation, it's an opinion.
- Present arguments that illustrates your position.
* For example, "Research has shown (citation if available can help) that Orangutans can recognize themselves in the mirror and realize the image they see is a reflection of themselves. This suggests they have awareness of their themselves as separate from the environment and others."
.
- should include an introduction to the environmental issue and its .docxgertrudebellgrove
- should include an introduction to the environmental issue and its location
- next portion should be about the opposing views (atleast 3 cons. and 3 possible solutions to the cons) The cons needs to be focused on the environmental impact of the problem, not just how it's affecting humans. What is it doing to the ecosystems?
- must be 4 pages double-spaced not including references and include in-text citation
-not opinion based!!
.
- FIRST EXAM SPRING 20201. Describe how the view of operations.docxgertrudebellgrove
- FIRST EXAM SPRING 2020
1. Describe how the view of operations as a process can be applied to the following:
a. Acquisition of another company
b. Marketing Research for a New Product
c. Design of an Information System
2. An operations manager was heard complaining
“My boss never listens to me ----- all the boss wants from me is to avoid making waves. I rarely get any capital to improve operations. Also, we do not have weekly, biweekly or even monthly meetings with our product managers, supply chain department, customer service or the sales department. We only meet with the accounting and finance departments when there are issues with the monthly budgets. Furthermore, our department has interacted with information service department about four times in past fiscal year”
Please assess the following:
a. Whether this business has a business strategy ?
b. Does it have an operations strategy?
c. What would you recommend?
3. Firm A has recorded the following costs in 2018:
Incoming materials and inspection $20,000
Training of Personnel $40,000
Warranty $45,000
Process Planning $15,000
Scrap $13,000
Quality Laboratory $30,000
Rework $25,000
Allowances $10,000
Complaints $14,000
a. What are the Prevention, Appraisal, Internal Failure and External Failure costs?
b. What inferences can you draw on Quality Measures taken by Firm A?
c. What would you recommend to improve quality programs in Firm A?
d. What initiatives should Firm A implement for 2019 and 2020?
4. Please explain the House of Quality (QFD) as discussed in class.
5. A certain process is under statistical control and has a mean value of 130 and a standard deviation of 8. The specifications for the process are:
a. USL (upper specification limit) = 150
b. LSL(lower specification limit) =100
a. Calculate the cp and cpk
b. Which of these indices is a better measure of process capability and why?
c. Assuminng a normal distribution what percentage of output is expected to fall ourside the specification. Why is it important to know this?
d. What would you recommend?
2
Chapter 7
Government Ethics
and the Law
William A. Myers, Ph.D.
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
• Describe some of the reasons why there has
been a loss of trust in government.
• Explain the purpose of various government
committees on ethics.
• Discuss how public policy protects the rights of
citizens.
Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
• Describe federal laws designed to protect each
individual’s rights.
• Explain the concept of political malpractice.
• Understand the importance of ethics in public
service.
Let every American, every lover of liberty, every
well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood
of the Revolution, never to violate in the least
particular, the laws of the country; and never to
tolerate their violation by others.
—Abraham Lincoln
Executive Branch:
U.S. Office of Government Ethics
• Exercises leadership .
- Considering the concepts, examples and learning from the v.docxgertrudebellgrove
- Considering the concepts, examples and learning from the various modules you have attended this year, summarise and reflect on in a critical way what you think are the key elements (both internal and external to businesses) that organisations should consider to develop and grow responsibly and effectively in today’s economy.
.
- Discuss why a computer incident response team (CIRT) plan is neede.docxgertrudebellgrove
- Discuss why a computer incident response team (CIRT) plan is needed, and its purpose.
- Why are the roles and responsibilities important to be listed and kept updated for a CIRT plan.
- Connect the dots: Discuss your understanding of the CIRT incident handling procedures, the role policies play, and the importance of communication escalation procedures.
- What are some best practices for implementing a CIRT plan? Do some personal research to answer this questions.
.
- Discuss why a computer incident response team (CIRT) plan is n.docxgertrudebellgrove
- Discuss why a computer incident response team (CIRT) plan is needed, and its purpose.
- Why are the roles and responsibilities important to be listed and kept updated for a CIRT plan.
- Connect the dots: Discuss your understanding of the CIRT incident handling procedures, the role policies play, and the importance of communication escalation procedures.
- What are some best practices for implementing a CIRT plan? Do some personal research to answer this questions.
.
- 2 -Section CPlease write your essay in the blue book.docxgertrudebellgrove
- 2 -
Section C
Please write your essay in the blue book.
Write an informal narrative about "some" composing process of yours. Essentially, you will write a Reflective Self-Evaluation of yourself as a college writer. What exactly does that mean? It requires you to:
a. look back over a recently completed process
b. think reflectively about that process
c. critically evaluate what went well, what didn’t go well, or what you might have done differently
As the aforementioned examples suggest, reflective writing is writing that describes, explains, interprets, and evaluates any past performance, action, belief, feeling, or experience. To reflect is to turn or look back, to reconsider something in the past from the perspective of the present. So, in your final essay, you will reflect and make an evaluation of your experience in this course.
Remember, reflection involves multiple angles of vision. Just as light waves are thrown or bent back from the surface of a mirror, so, too, reflective writing throws our experience, action, or performance back to us, allowing us to see differently. We view the past from the angle of the present, what was from the angle of what could have been or what might be. Multiplying your angle of vision through reflection often yields new insights and more complicated (complex) understanding of the issue on which you are reflecting.
Professors generally look for four kinds of knowledge in reflective self-evaluation essays: self-knowledge, content knowledge, rhetorical knowledge, and critical knowledge (aka judgment). Following are ideas for each of these types of knowledge, which may be used to generate ideas for your essay. Choose only a few of the questions to respond to, questions that allow you to explain and demonstrate your most important learning for the course.
You may write about your composing process for academic papers or creative genres or a combination of both. Reflect as thoroughly as possible upon your writing process and explain it. Your narrative should include whatever you DO when you write, as well as whatever you DO when you compose. Composing should be understood in the broad sense, i.e. composing goes on in your mind when you are cleaning your refrigerator, mowing your grass, etc. It also occurs when you are researching, taking notes, or procrastinating. In essence you are NEVER NOT composing something. So the key to your reflections is to include everything you do that makes a difference in your writing, from having to use a certain pen, to listening to music or sitting in the library. Both your formal and informal processes impact the way you produce a written work, if you use a formal method of note taking or outlining, if you compose on the computer or with pen and paper explore any and all of these activities that are helpful to you in your process. Explore all possible aspects that apply. This is a useful exercise for now and for you to revisit and revise in the future .
- Confidence intervals for a population mean, standard deviation kno.docxgertrudebellgrove
- Confidence intervals for a population mean, standard deviation known
- Confidence intervals for a population mean, standard deviation unknown
-Confidence intervals for population proportion
- Confidence intervals for a standard deviation
.
) Create a new thread. As indicated above, select two tools describ.docxgertrudebellgrove
) Create a new thread. As indicated above, select two tools described in chapter 7 from different categories, and describe how these tools could be used to develop a policy for optimizing bus and local train schedules to minimize energy use and passenger wait times in a SmartCity environment.
tools
•Visualization
•Argumentation
•eParticipation
•Opinion mining
•Simulation
•Serious games
•Tools specifically designed for policy makers
•Persuasive
•Social network analysis (SNA)
•Big data analytics
•Semantics and linked data
.
(Write 3 to 4 sentences per question) 1. Describe one way y.docxgertrudebellgrove
(Write 3 to 4 sentences per question)
1.
Describe one way you can leverage any strengths you have in research and information literacy to promote your success.
Consider successes, lessons learned, or skills you have gained as a result of your past academic, personal, or professional experiences.
2.
1.
Why do you think it is important to use source materials to support your viewpoints?
Why is it important that the sources you use in your coursework be scholarly sources?
.
( America and Venezuela) this is a ppt. groups assignment. Below is .docxgertrudebellgrove
( America and Venezuela) this is a ppt. groups assignment. Below is my part.
Explain how an American would apply the knowledge of verbal and nonverbal communication to foster effective cross-cultural communication within the selected country.
Lastly, summarize how cultural differences affect cross-cultural communications.
.
++ 2 PAGES++Topic Make a bill to legalize all felon has the rig.docxgertrudebellgrove
++ 2 PAGES++
Topic: Make a bill to legalize all felon has the right to vote with no condition (become a green state) https://www.aclu.org/issues/voting-rights/voter-restoration/felony-disenfranchisement-laws-map
Guideline: **only do part 2 (3-55)** follow guideline on this website: https://leg.wa.gov/CodeReviser/Documents/2019BillDraftingGuide.pdf
additional websites (or you can search more info beside the websites i provide):
https://www.sos.wa.gov/elections/voters/felons-and-voting-rights.aspxhttps://www.sos.wa.gov/elections/voter-eligibility.aspx
.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
QSO 500 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docx
1. QSO 500 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: In this final project, you will create a research report
based on the application of action research processes for
developing problem solving strategies.
In designing the report, you will follow the best practices for
ethical research. You will utilize the research process to inform
decisions in your professional life
and as a framework for approaching research projects in other
courses in your program. The final product will be a
comprehensive research report using the
five-step research process (identify the problem; understand the
theoretical framework of the problem; design the research
study; collect, explain, and analyze
the data; report the results; and make conclusions and
recommendations).
For Milestone One, submit a draft of your business problem and
literature review. Using the problem you identified in your
Module One journal and the
feedback you received, describe the research problem including
the context in which it exists. Using the problem statement,
describe the stakeholders and
research objective. Based on the research objective, develop a
research question that clearly and concisely articulates in one
sentence the purpose of the study.
Consider the key real or potential ethical issues or challenges of
the study.
After describing your business problem and research question,
prepare a comprehensive literature review that carefully and
2. thoughtfully examines the research
problem from a scholarly perspective using a minimum of seven
quality sources. A minimum of three of the sources must be
selected from scholarly, peer-
reviewed journals. Other quality sources can be professional
publications or magazines, internal corporate publications such
as annual reports or white papers,
or established news sources.
Prompt: Refer to the given case study Maruti Suzuki India:
Defending Market Leadership in the A-Segment and select a
data-driven business problem that can be
addressed using action research to be the basis for your research
report. Prepare a comprehensive literature review that carefully
and thoughtfully examines the
research problem from a scholarly perspective using a minimum
of seven quality sources. A minimum of three of the sources
must be selected from scholarly,
peer-reviewed journals. Other quality sources can be from
professional publications or magazines, internal corporate
publications such as annual reports or
white papers, or established news sources.
Specifically the following critical elements must be addressed:
Business Problem: Refer to the given case study and select a
data-driven business problem that can be addressed using action
research to be the basis for
your research report.
A. Describe the research problem, including the context in
which it exists. In other words, what caused or precipitated this
problem? What has
already been done to address it?
3. B. Describe the key stakeholders (or potential stakeholders) of
your business problem. In other words, who are the people who
have the most to
gain or lose from a decision?
C. Explain the research objective. How would it benefit the
stakeholder to know the results?
D. Develop a research question based on the research objective
that clearly and concisely articulates in one sentence the
purpose of the study.
E. Discuss the key real or potential ethical issues or challenges
of the study. Consider the following: How will data be collected
and protected? How
will human subjects be used, treated, and protected?
https://hbsp.harvard.edu/import/552654
Literature Review:
A. Explain the theories that best ground your organizational
problem. Support your explanation with specific examples.
These theories might be
management, behavioral, social, and/or business related.
B. Discuss the bias and limitations present in the relevant
literature and the potential impact these may have on your
research.
C. Summarize at least one other research study that has faced
this challenge that could potentially be replicated and applied to
your research
study.
4. D. From the literature, analyze at least one other organization
that has faced similar problems, explaining what they have done
to address the
problem.
Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Your milestone must be submitted
as a 5- to 6-page Microsoft Word document with double
spacing, 12-point Times New Roman
font, one-inch margins, and at least seven sources cited in APA
format.
Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (75%)
Not Evident (0%) Value
Business Problem:
Research Problem
Describes the research problem,
including the context in which it
exists
Describes the research
problem, but description is
cursory or does not include the
context in which the problem
exists
Does not describe the research
problem
9
Business Problem:
5. Stakeholders
Describes all key stakeholders of
the business problem
Describes the stakeholders of
the business problem, but
description is cursory or
neglects to address all key
stakeholders
Does not describe the
stakeholders of the business
problem
9
Business Problem:
Research Objective
Explains the research objective,
including how this research
would benefit the stakeholder
Explains the research objective,
but explanation is cursory or
does not show how this
research would benefit the
stakeholder
Does not explain the research
objective
9
Business Problem:
6. Research Question
Develops a research question
based on the research objective
that clearly and concisely
articulates in one sentence the
purpose of the study
Develops a research question
based on the research
objective, but it does not
clearly or concisely articulate in
one sentence the purpose of
the study
Does not develop a research
question based on the research
objective
9
Business Problem:
Ethical Issues
Discusses all key real or
potential ethical issues or
challenges of the study
Discusses real or potential
ethical issues or challenges of
the study, but discussion is
cursory, contains issues of
clarity, or neglects to address
7. key ethical issues
Does not discuss real or potential
ethical issues or challenges of the
study
12
Literature Review:
Theories
Explains the theories that best
ground the organizational
problem with support from
specific examples
Explains the theories that best
ground the organizational
problem, but explanation is
cursory or not supported with
specific examples
Does not explain the theories that
best ground the organizational
problem
12
Literature Review:
Bias and Limitations
Discusses the bias and
limitations present in the
relevant literature, including the
potential impact on research
8. Discusses the bias and
limitations present in the
relevant literature, but
discussion contains issues of
clarity or does not address the
potential impact on research
Does not discuss the bias and
limitations present in the relevant
literature
12
Literature Review:
Other Research Study
Summarizes another research
study that has faced this
challenge that could potentially
be replicated and applied to
your research study
Summarizes another research
study that has faced this
challenge that could potentially
be replicated and applied to
your research study, but
summary is cursory or contains
inaccuracies
Does not summarize another
research study that has faced this
challenge that could potentially
be replicated
12
9. Literature Review:
Other Organization
Analyzes another organization
that has faced similar problems,
including an explanation of
what was done to address the
problem
Analyzes another organization
that has faced similar
problems, but analysis is
cursory or does not explain
what was done to address the
problem
Does not analyze another
organization that has faced
similar problems
12
Articulation of
Response
Submission has no major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
Submission has major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that negatively impact
readability and articulation of
main ideas
10. Submission has critical errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that prevent understanding of
ideas
4
Total 100%
Public Administration and Information
Technology
Volume 10
Series Editor
Christopher G. Reddick
San Antonio, Texas, USA
[email protected]
More information about this series at
http://www.springer.com/series/10796
[email protected]
11. Marijn Janssen • Maria A. Wimmer
Ameneh Deljoo
Editors
Policy Practice and Digital
Science
Integrating Complex Systems, Social
Simulation and Public Administration
in Policy Research
2123
[email protected]
Editors
Marijn Janssen Ameneh Deljoo
Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Faculty of Technology,
Policy, and
Management Management
Delft University of Technology Delft University of Technology
Delft Delft
The Netherlands The Netherlands
Maria A. Wimmer
Institute for Information Systems Research
University of Koblenz-Landau
Koblenz
Germany
ISBN 978-3-319-12783-5 ISBN 978-3-319-12784-2 (eBook)
Public Administration and Information Technology
13. Preface
The last economic and financial crisis has heavily threatened
European and other
economies around the globe. Also, the Eurozone crisis, the
energy and climate
change crises, challenges of demographic change with high
unemployment rates,
and the most recent conflicts in the Ukraine and the near East or
the Ebola virus
disease in Africa threaten the wealth of our societies in
different ways. The inability
to predict or rapidly deal with dramatic changes and negative
trends in our economies
and societies can seriously hamper the wealth and prosperity of
the European Union
and its Member States as well as the global networks. These
societal and economic
challenges demonstrate an urgent need for more effective and
efficient processes of
governance and policymaking, therewith specifically addressing
crisis management
and economic/welfare impact reduction.
Therefore, investing in the exploitation of innovative
information and commu-
nication technology (ICT) in the support of good governance
and policy modeling
has become a major effort of the European Union to position
itself and its Member
States well in the global digital economy. In this realm, the
European Union has
laid out clear strategic policy objectives for 2020 in the Europe
2020 strategy1: In
14. a changing world, we want the EU to become a smart,
sustainable, and inclusive
economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should
help the EU and the
Member States deliver high levels of employment, productivity,
and social cohesion.
Concretely, the Union has set five ambitious objectives—on
employment, innovation,
education, social inclusion, and climate/energy—to be reached
by 2020. Along with
this, Europe 2020 has established four priority areas—smart
growth, sustainable
growth, inclusive growth, and later added: A strong and
effective system of eco-
nomic governance—designed to help Europe emerge from the
crisis stronger and to
coordinate policy actions between the EU and national levels.
To specifically support European research in strengthening
capacities, in overcom-
ing fragmented research in the field of policymaking, and in
advancing solutions for
1 Europe 2020 http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_en.htm
v
[email protected]
vi Preface
ICT supported governance and policy modeling, the European
Commission has co-
funded an international support action called eGovPoliNet2. The
15. overall objective
of eGovPoliNet was to create an international, cross-
disciplinary community of re-
searchers working on ICT solutions for governance and policy
modeling. In turn,
the aim of this community was to advance and sustain research
and to share the
insights gleaned from experiences in Europe and globally. To
achieve this, eGovPo-
liNet established a dialogue, brought together experts from
distinct disciplines, and
collected and analyzed knowledge assets (i.e., theories,
concepts, solutions, findings,
and lessons on ICT solutions in the field) from different
research disciplines. It built
on case material accumulated by leading actors coming from
distinct disciplinary
backgrounds and brought together the innovative knowledge in
the field. Tools, meth-
ods, and cases were drawn from the academic community, the
ICT sector, specialized
policy consulting firms as well as from policymakers and
governance experts. These
results were assembled in a knowledge base and analyzed in
order to produce com-
parative analyses and descriptions of cases, tools, and scientific
approaches to enrich
a common knowledge base accessible via www.policy-
community.eu.
This book, entitled “Policy Practice and Digital Science—
Integrating Complex
Systems, Social Simulation, and Public Administration in Policy
Research,” is one
of the exciting results of the activities of eGovPoliNet—fusing
community building
16. activities and activities of knowledge analysis. It documents
findings of comparative
analyses and brings in experiences of experts from academia
and from case descrip-
tions from all over the globe. Specifically, it demonstrates how
the explosive growth
in data, computational power, and social media creates new
opportunities for policy-
making and research. The book provides a first comprehensive
look on how to take
advantage of the development in the digital world with new
approaches, concepts,
instruments, and methods to deal with societal and
computational complexity. This
requires the knowledge traditionally found in different
disciplines including public
administration, policy analyses, information systems, complex
systems, and com-
puter science to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion
and to share approaches.
This book provides the foundation for strongly multidisciplinary
research, in which
the various developments and disciplines work together from a
comprehensive and
holistic policymaking perspective. A wide range of aspects for
social and professional
networking and multidisciplinary constituency building along
the axes of technol-
ogy, participative processes, governance, policy modeling,
social simulation, and
visualization are tackled in the 19 papers.
With this book, the project makes an effective contribution to
the overall objec-
tives of the Europe 2020 strategy by providing a better
understanding of different
17. approaches to ICT enabled governance and policy modeling, and
by overcoming the
fragmented research of the past. This book provides impressive
insights into various
theories, concepts, and solutions of ICT supported policy
modeling and how stake-
holders can be more actively engaged in public policymaking. It
draws conclusions
2 eGovPoliNet is cofunded under FP 7, Call identifier FP7-ICT-
2011-7, URL: www.policy-
community.eu
[email protected]
Preface vii
of how joint multidisciplinary research can bring more effective
and resilient find-
ings for better predicting dramatic changes and negative trends
in our economies and
societies.
It is my great pleasure to provide the preface to the book
resulting from the
eGovPoliNet project. This book presents stimulating research by
researchers coming
from all over Europe and beyond. Congratulations to the project
partners and to the
authors!—Enjoy reading!
Thanassis Chrissafis
Project officer of eGovPoliNet
European Commission
18. DG CNECT, Excellence in Science, Digital Science
[email protected]
Contents
1 Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 1
Marijn Janssen and Maria A. Wimmer
2 Educating Public Managers and Policy Analysts
in an Era of Informatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 15
Christopher Koliba and Asim Zia
3 The Quality of Social Simulation: An Example from Research
Policy Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Petra Ahrweiler and Nigel Gilbert
4 Policy Making and Modelling in a Complex World . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 57
Wander Jager and Bruce Edmonds
5 From Building a Model to Adaptive Robust Decision Making
Using Systems Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 75
Erik Pruyt
6 Features and Added Value of Simulation Models Using
Different
Modelling Approaches Supporting Policy-Making: A
Comparative
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Dragana Majstorovic, Maria A.Wimmer, Roy Lay-Yee, Peter
Davis
and Petra Ahrweiler
7 A Comparative Analysis of Tools and Technologies
for Policy Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 125
Eleni Kamateri, Eleni Panopoulou, Efthimios Tambouris,
Konstantinos Tarabanis, Adegboyega Ojo, Deirdre Lee
and David Price
8 Value Sensitive Design of Complex Product Systems . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 157
Andreas Ligtvoet, Geerten van de Kaa, Theo Fens, Cees van
Beers,
Paulier Herder and Jeroen van den Hoven
ix
[email protected]
x Contents
9 Stakeholder Engagement in Policy Development: Observations
and Lessons from International Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 177
Natalie Helbig, Sharon Dawes, Zamira Dzhusupova, Bram
Klievink
and Catherine Gerald Mkude
10 Values in Computational Models Revalued . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 205
Rebecca Moody and Lasse Gerrits
20. 11 The Psychological Drivers of Bureaucracy: Protecting
the Societal Goals of an Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 221
Tjeerd C. Andringa
12 Active and Passive Crowdsourcing in Government . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 261
Euripidis Loukis and Yannis Charalabidis
13 Management of Complex Systems: Toward Agent-Based
Gaming for Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Wander Jager and Gerben van der Vegt
14 The Role of Microsimulation in the Development of Public
Policy . . . 305
Roy Lay-Yee and Gerry Cotterell
15 Visual Decision Support for Policy Making: Advancing
Policy
Analysis with Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 321
Tobias Ruppert, Jens Dambruch, Michel Krämer, Tina Balke,
Marco
Gavanelli, Stefano Bragaglia, Federico Chesani, Michela
Milano
and Jörn Kohlhammer
16 Analysis of Five Policy Cases in the Field of Energy Policy .
. . . . . . . . 355
Dominik Bär, Maria A.Wimmer, Jozef Glova, Anastasia
Papazafeiropoulou and Laurence Brooks
17 Challenges to Policy-Making in Developing Countries
and the Roles of Emerging Tools, Methods and Instruments:
21. Experiences from Saint Petersburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 379
Dmitrii Trutnev, Lyudmila Vidyasova and Andrei Chugunov
18 Sustainable Urban Development, Governance and Policy:
A Comparative Overview of EU Policies and Projects . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 393
Diego Navarra and Simona Milio
19 eParticipation, Simulation Exercise and Leadership Training
in Nigeria: Bridging the Digital Divide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 417
Tanko Ahmed
[email protected]
Contributors
Tanko Ahmed National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies
(NIPSS), Jos,
Nigeria
Petra Ahrweiler EA European Academy of Technology and
Innovation Assess-
ment GmbH, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany
Tjeerd C. Andringa University College Groningen, Institute of
Artificial In-
telligence and Cognitive Engineering (ALICE), University of
Groningen, AB,
Groningen, the Netherlands
Tina Balke University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
22. Dominik Bär University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
Cees van Beers Faculty of Technology, Policy, and
Management, Delft University
of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Stefano Bragaglia University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Laurence Brooks Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
Yannis Charalabidis University of the Aegean, Samos, Greece
Federico Chesani University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Andrei Chugunov ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Gerry Cotterell Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the
Social Sciences
(COMPASS Research Centre), University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand
Jens Dambruch Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics
Research, Darmstadt,
Germany
Peter Davis Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the
Social Sciences
(COMPASS Research Centre), University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand
Sharon Dawes Center for Technology in Government,
University at Albany,
Albany, New York, USA
xi
23. [email protected]
xii Contributors
Zamira Dzhusupova Department of Public Administration and
Development Man-
agement, United Nations Department of Economic and Social
Affairs (UNDESA),
NewYork, USA
Bruce Edmonds Manchester Metropolitan University,
Manchester, UK
Theo Fens Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management,
Delft University of
Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Marco Gavanelli University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Lasse Gerrits Department of Public Administration, Erasmus
University
Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Nigel Gilbert University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Jozef Glova Technical University Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
Natalie Helbig Center for Technology in Government,
University at Albany,
Albany, New York, USA
Paulier Herder Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management,
Delft University
of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
24. Jeroen van den Hoven Faculty of Technology, Policy, and
Management, Delft
University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Wander Jager Groningen Center of Social Complexity Studies,
University of
Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Marijn Janssen Faculty of Technology, Policy, and
Management, Delft University
of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Geerten van de Kaa Faculty of Technology, Policy, and
Management, Delft
University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Eleni Kamateri Information Technologies Institute, Centre for
Research &
Technology—Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
Bram Klievink Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management,
Delft University
of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Jörn Kohlhammer GRIS, TU Darmstadt & Fraunhofer IGD,
Darmstadt, Germany
Christopher Koliba University of Vermont, Burlington, VT,
USA
Michel Krämer Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics
Research, Darmstadt,
Germany
Roy Lay-Yee Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the
25. Social Sciences
(COMPASS Research Centre), University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand
Deirdre Lee INSIGHT Centre for Data Analytics, NUIG,
Galway, Ireland
[email protected]
Contributors xiii
Andreas Ligtvoet Faculty of Technology, Policy, and
Management, Delft Univer-
sity of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Euripidis Loukis University of the Aegean, Samos, Greece
Dragana Majstorovic University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz,
Germany
Michela Milano University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Simona Milio London School of Economics, Houghton Street,
London, UK
Catherine Gerald Mkude Institute for IS Research, University of
Koblenz-Landau,
Koblenz, Germany
Rebecca Moody Department of Public Administration, Erasmus
University
Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Diego Navarra Studio Navarra, London, UK
26. Adegboyega Ojo INSIGHT Centre for Data Analytics, NUIG,
Galway, Ireland
Eleni Panopoulou Information Technologies Institute, Centre
for Research &
Technology—Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
David Price Thoughtgraph Ltd, Somerset, UK
Erik Pruyt Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management,
Delft University of
Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for
Advanced Study,
Wassenaar, The Netherlands
Tobias Ruppert Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics
Research, Darmstadt,
Germany
Efthimios Tambouris Information Technologies Institute, Centre
for Research &
Technology—Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece; University of
Macedonia, Thessaloniki,
Greece
Konstantinos Tarabanis Information Technologies Institute,
Centre for Research
& Technology—Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece; University of
Macedonia, Thessa-
loniki, Greece
Dmitrii Trutnev ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
27. Gerben van der Vegt Faculty of Economics and Business,
University of Groningen,
Groningen, The Netherlands
Lyudmila Vidyasova ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Maria A. Wimmer University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz,
Germany
Asim Zia University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
[email protected]
Chapter 1
Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age
Marijn Janssen and Maria A. Wimmer
We are running the 21st century using 20th century systems on
top of 19th century political structures. . . .
John Pollock, contributing editor MIT technology review
Abstract The explosive growth in data, computational power,
and social media
creates new opportunities for innovating governance and policy-
making. These in-
formation and communications technology (ICT) developments
affect all parts of
the policy-making cycle and result in drastic changes in the way
policies are devel-
oped. To take advantage of these developments in the digital
world, new approaches,
concepts, instruments, and methods are needed, which are able
to deal with so-
28. cietal complexity and uncertainty. This field of research is
sometimes depicted
as e-government policy, e-policy, policy informatics, or data
science. Advancing
our knowledge demands that different scientific communities
collaborate to create
practice-driven knowledge. For policy-making in the digital age
disciplines such as
complex systems, social simulation, and public administration
need to be combined.
1.1 Introduction
Policy-making and its subsequent implementation is necessary
to deal with societal
problems. Policy interventions can be costly, have long-term
implications, affect
groups of citizens or even the whole country and cannot be
easily undone or are even
irreversible. New information and communications technology
(ICT) and models
can help to improve the quality of policy-makers. In particular,
the explosive growth
in data, computational power, and social media creates new
opportunities for in-
novating the processes and solutions of ICT-based policy-
making and research. To
M. Janssen (�)
Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management, Delft
University of Technology,
Delft, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected]
M. A. Wimmer
University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
30. and visualization of
rich data sets, all combined with public engagement, social
media, and participatory
tools. In this respect Web 2.0 and even Web 3.0 point to the
specific applications of
social networks and semantically enriched and linked data
which are important for
policy-making. In policy-making vast amount of data are used
for making predictions
and forecasts. This should result in improving the outcomes of
policy-making.
Policy-making is confronted with an increasing complexity and
uncertainty of the
outcomes which results in a need for developing policy models
that are able to deal
with this. To improve the validity of the models policy-makers
are harvesting data to
generate evidence. Furthermore, they are improving their
models to capture complex
phenomena and dealing with uncertainty and limited and
incomplete information.
Despite all these efforts, there remains often uncertainty
concerning the outcomes of
policy interventions. Given the uncertainty, often multiple
scenarios are developed
to show alternative outcomes and impact. A condition for this is
the visualization of
policy alternatives and its impact. Visualization can ensure
involvement of nonexpert
and to communicate alternatives. Furthermore, games can be
used to let people gain
insight in what can happen, given a certain scenario. Games
allow persons to interact
and to experience what happens in the future based on their
interventions.
31. Policy-makers are often faced with conflicting solutions to
complex problems,
thus making it necessary for them to test out their assumptions,
interventions, and
resolutions. For this reason policy-making organizations
introduce platforms facili-
tating policy-making and citizens engagements and enabling the
processing of large
volumes of data. There are various participative platforms
developed by government
agencies (e.g., De Reuver et al. 2013; Slaviero et al. 2010;
Welch 2012). Platforms
can be viewed as a kind of regulated environment that enable
developers, users, and
others to interact with each other, share data, services, and
applications, enable gov-
ernments to more easily monitor what is happening and
facilitate the development
of innovative solutions (Janssen and Estevez 2013). Platforms
should provide not
only support for complex policy deliberations with citizens but
should also bring to-
gether policy-modelers, developers, policy-makers, and other
stakeholders involved
in policy-making. In this way platforms provide an information-
rich, interactive
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1 Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age 3
environment that brings together relevant stakeholders and in
which complex phe-
32. nomena can be modeled, simulated, visualized, discussed, and
even the playing of
games can be facilitated.
1.2 Complexity and Uncertainty in Policy-Making
Policy-making is driven by the need to solve societal problems
and should result in
interventions to solve these societal problems. Examples of
societal problems are
unemployment, pollution, water quality, safety, criminality,
well-being, health, and
immigration. Policy-making is an ongoing process in which
issues are recognized
as a problem, alternative courses of actions are formulated,
policies are affected,
implemented, executed, and evaluated (Stewart et al. 2007).
Figure 1.1 shows the
typical stages of policy formulation, implementation, execution,
enforcement, and
evaluation. This process should not be viewed as linear as many
interactions are
necessary as well as interactions with all kind of stakeholders.
In policy-making
processes a vast amount of stakeholders are always involved,
which makes policy-
making complex.
Once a societal need is identified, a policy has to be formulated.
Politicians,
members of parliament, executive branches, courts, and interest
groups may be
involved in these formulations. Often contradictory proposals
are made, and the
impact of a proposal is difficult to determine as data is missing,
models cannot
34. Fig. 1.1 Overview of policy cycle and stakeholders
[email protected]
4 M. Janssen and M. A. Wimmer
capture the complexity, and the results of policy models are
difficult to interpret and
even might be interpreted in an opposing way. This is further
complicated as some
proposals might be good but cannot be implemented or are too
costly to implement.
There is a large uncertainty concerning the outcomes.
Policy implementation is done by organizations other than those
that formulated
the policy. They often have to interpret the policy and have to
make implemen-
tation decisions. Sometimes IT can block quick implementation
as systems have
to be changed. Although policy-making is the domain of the
government, private
organizations can be involved to some extent, in particular in
the execution of policies.
Once all things are ready and decisions are made, policies need
to be executed.
During the execution small changes are typically made to fine
tune the policy formu-
lation, implementation decisions might be more difficult to
realize, policies might
bring other benefits than intended, execution costs might be
higher and so on. Typ-
ically, execution is continually changing. Evaluation is part of
35. the policy-making
process as it is necessary to ensure that the policy-execution
solved the initial so-
cietal problem. Policies might become obsolete, might not work,
have unintended
affects (like creating bureaucracy) or might lose its support
among elected officials,
or other alternatives might pop up that are better.
Policy-making is a complex process in which many stakeholders
play a role. In
the various phases of policy-making different actors are
dominant and play a role.
Figure 1.1 shows only some actors that might be involved, and
many of them are not
included in this figure. The involvement of so many actors
results in fragmentation
and often actors are even not aware of the decisions made by
other actors. This makes
it difficult to manage a policy-making process as each actor has
other goals and might
be self-interested.
Public values (PVs) are a way to try to manage complexity and
give some guidance.
Most policies are made to adhere to certain values. Public value
management (PVM)
represents the paradigm of achieving PVs as being the primary
objective (Stoker
2006). PVM refers to the continuous assessment of the actions
performed by public
officials to ensure that these actions result in the creation of PV
(Moore 1995). Public
servants are not only responsible for following the right
procedure, but they also have
to ensure that PVs are realized. For example, civil servants
36. should ensure that garbage
is collected. The procedure that one a week garbage is collected
is secondary. If it is
necessary to collect garbage more (or less) frequently to ensure
a healthy environment
then this should be done. The role of managers is not only to
ensure that procedures
are followed but they should be custodians of public assets and
maximize a PV.
There exist a wide variety of PVs (Jørgensen and Bozeman
2007). PVs can be
long-lasting or might be driven by contemporary politics. For
example, equal access
is a typical long-lasting value, whereas providing support for
students at universities
is contemporary, as politicians might give more, less, or no
support to students. PVs
differ over times, but also the emphasis on values is different in
the policy-making
cycle as shown in Fig. 1.2. In this figure some of the values
presented by Jørgensen
and Bozeman (2007) are mapped onto the four policy-making
stages. Dependent on
the problem at hand other values might play a role that is not
included in this figure.
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1 Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age 5
Policy
formulation
38. transparancy
evidence-based
equal access
balancing of interests
robust
honesty
fair
timelessness
reliable
flexible
fair
Fig. 1.2 Public values in the policy cycle
Policy is often formulated by politicians in consultation with
experts. In the PVM
paradigm, public administrations aim at creating PVs for society
and citizens. This
suggests a shift from talking about what citizens expect in
creating a PV. In this view
public officials should focus on collaborating and creating a
dialogue with citizens
in order to determine what constitutes a PV.
1.3 Developments
There is an infusion of technology that changes policy processes
39. at both the individual
and group level. There are a number of developments that
influence the traditional
way of policy-making, including social media as a means to
interact with the public
(Bertot et al. 2012), blogs (Coleman and Moss 2008), open data
(Janssen et al. 2012;
Zuiderwijk and Janssen 2013), freedom of information (Burt
2011), the wisdom
of the crowds (Surowiecki 2004), open collaboration and
transparency in policy
simulation (Wimmer et al. 2012a, b), agent-based simulation
and hybrid modeling
techniques (Koliba and Zia 2012) which open new ways of
innovative policy-making.
Whereas traditional policy-making is executed by experts, now
the public is involved
to fulfill requirements of good governance according to open
government principles.
[email protected]
6 M. Janssen and M. A. Wimmer
Also, the skills and capabilities of crowds can be explored and
can lead to better and
more transparent democratic policy decisions. All these
developments can be used for
enhancing citizen’s engagement and to involve citizens better in
the policy-making
process. We want to emphasize three important developments.
1.3.1 The Availability of Big and Open Linked Data (BOLD)
40. Policy-making heavily depends on data about existing policies
and situations to
make decisions. Both public and private organizations are
opening their data for use
by others. Although information could be requested for in the
past, governments
have changed their strategy toward actively publishing open
data in formats that are
readily and easily accessible (for example,
European_Commission 2003; Obama
2009). Multiple perspectives are needed to make use of and
stimulate new practices
based on open data (Zuiderwijk et al. 2014). New applications
and innovations can
be based solely on open data, but often open data are enriched
with data from other
sources. As data can be generated and provided in huge
amounts, specific needs for
processing, curation, linking, visualization, and maintenance
appear. The latter is
often denoted with big data in which the value is generated by
combining different
datasets (Janssen et al. 2014). Current advances in processing
power and memory
allows for the processing of a huge amount of data. BOLD
allows for analyzing
policies and the use of these data in models to better predict the
effect of new policies.
1.3.2 Rise of Hybrid Simulation Approaches
In policy implementation and execution, many actors are
involved and there are a
huge number of factors influencing the outcomes; this
complicates the prediction
of the policy outcomes. Simulation models are capable of
41. capturing the interdepen-
dencies between the many factors and can include stochastic
elements to deal with
the variations and uncertainties. Simulation is often used in
policy-making as an
instrument to gain insight in the impact of possible policies
which often result in
new ideas for policies. Simulation allows decision-makers to
understand the essence
of a policy, to identify opportunities for change, and to evaluate
the effect of pro-
posed changes in key performance indicators (Banks 1998; Law
and Kelton 1991).
Simulation heavily depends on data and as such can benefit
from big and open data.
Simulation models should capture the essential aspects of
reality. Simulation
models do not rely heavily on mathematical abstraction and are
therefore suitable
for modeling complex systems (Pidd 1992). Already the
development of a model
can raise discussions about what to include and what factors are
of influence, in this
way contributing to a better understanding of the situation at
hand. Furthermore,
experimentation using models allows one to investigate
different settings and the
influence of different scenarios in time on the policy outcomes.
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1 Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age 7
42. The effects of policies are hard to predict and dealing with
uncertainty is a key
aspect in policy modeling. Statistical representation of real-
world uncertainties is
an integral part of simulation models (Law and Kelton 1991).
The dynamics asso-
ciated with many factors affecting policy-making, the
complexity associated with
the interdependencies between individual parts, and the
stochastic elements asso-
ciated with the randomness and unpredictable behavior of
transactions complicates
the simulations. Computer simulations for examining,
explaining, and predicting so-
cial processes and relationships as well as measuring the
possible impact of policies
has become an important part of policy-making. Traditional
models are not able to
address all aspects of complex policy interactions, which
indicates the need for the
development of hybrid simulation models consisting of a
combinatory set of models
built on different modeling theories (Koliba and Zia 2012). In
policy-making it can
be that multiple models are developed, but it is also possible to
combine various
types of simulation in a single model. For this purpose agent-
based modeling and
simulation approaches can be used as these allow for combining
different type of
models in a single simulation.
1.3.3 Ubiquitous User Engagement
Efforts to design public policies are confronted with
considerable complexity, in
43. which (1) a large number of potentially relevant factors needs to
be considered, (2) a
vast amount of data needs to be processed, (3) a large degree of
uncertainty may exist,
and (4) rapidly changing circumstances need to be dealt with.
Utilizing computational
methods and various types of simulation and modeling methods
is often key to
solving these kinds of problems (Koliba and Zia 2012). The
open data and social
media movements are making large quantities of new data
available. At the same time
enhancements in computational power have expanded the
repertoire of instruments
and tools available for studying dynamic systems and their
interdependencies. In
addition, sophisticated techniques for data gathering,
visualization, and analysis have
expanded our ability to understand, display, and disseminate
complex, temporal, and
spatial information to diverse audiences. These problems can
only be addressed from
a complexity science perspective and with a multitude of views
and contributions
from different disciplines. Insights and methods of complexity
science should be
applied to assist policy-makers as they tackle societal problems
in policy areas such
as environmental protection, economics, energy, security, or
public safety and health.
This demands user involvement which is supported by
visualization techniques and
which can be actively involved by employing (serious) games.
These methods can
show what hypothetically will happen when certain policies are
implemented.
44. [email protected]
8 M. Janssen and M. A. Wimmer
1.4 Combining Disciplines in E-government Policy-Making
This new field has been shaped using various names, including
e-policy-making,
digital policy science, computational intelligence, digital
sciences, data sciences,
and policy informatics (Dawes and Janssen 2013). The essence
of this field it that it
is
1. Practice-driven
2. Employs modeling techniques
3. Needs the knowledge coming from various disciplines
4. It focused on governance and policy-making
This field is practice-driven by taking as a starting point the
public policy problem and
defining what information is relevant for addressing the
problem under study. This
requires understanding of public administration and policy-
making processes. Next,
it is a key to determine how to obtain, store, retrieve, process,
model, and interpret the
results. This is the field of e-participation, policy-modeling,
social simulation, and
complex systems. Finally, it should be agreed upon how to
present and disseminate
the results so that other researchers, decision-makers, and
practitioners can use it.
45. This requires in-depth knowledge of practice, of structures of
public administration
and constitutions, political cultures, processes and culture and
policy-making.
Based on the ideas, the FP7 project EgovPoliNet project has
created an inter-
national community in ICT solutions for governance and policy-
modeling. The
“policy-making 2.0” LinkedIn community has a large number of
members from dif-
ferent disciplines and backgrounds representing practice and
academia. This book
is the product of this project in which a large number of persons
from various dis-
ciplines and representing a variety of communities were
involved. The book shows
experiences and advances in various areas of policy-making.
Furthermore, it contains
comparative analyses and descriptions of cases, tools, and
scientific approaches from
the knowledge base created in this project. Using this book,
practices and knowl-
edge in this field is shared among researchers. Furthermore, this
book provides the
foundations in this area. The covered expertise include a wide
range of aspects for so-
cial and professional networking and multidisciplinary
constituency building along
the axes of technology, participative processes, governance,
policy-modeling, social
simulation, and visualization. In this way eGovPoliNet has
advanced the way re-
search, development, and practice is performed worldwide in
using ICT solutions
for governance and policy-modeling.
46. Although in Europe the term “e-government policy” or “e-
policy,” for short, is
often used to refer to these types of phenomena, whereas in the
USA often the term
“policy informatics” is used. This is similar to that in the USA
the term digital
government is often used, whereas in Europe the term e-
government is preferred.
Policy informatics is defined as “the study of how information
is leveraged and efforts
are coordinated towards solving complex public policy
problems” (Krishnamurthy
et al. 2013, p. 367). These authors view policy informatics as an
emerging research
space to navigate through the challenges of complex layers of
uncertainty within
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1 Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age 9
governance processes. Policy informatics community has
created Listserv called
Policy Informatics Network (PIN-L).
E-government policy-making is closely connected to “data
science.” Data science
is the ability to find answers from larger volumes of
(un)structured data (Davenport
and Patil 2012). Data scientists find and interpret rich data
sources, manage large
amounts of data, create visualizations to aid in understanding
data, build mathemat-
47. ical models using the data, present and communicate the data
insights/findings to
specialists and scientists in their team, and if required to a
nonexpert audience. These
are activities which are at the heart of policy-making.
1.5 Overview of Chapters
In total 54 different authors were involved in the creation of
this book. Some chapters
have a single author, but most of the chapters have multiple
authors. The authors rep-
resent a wide range of disciplines as shown in Fig. 1.2. The
focus has been on targeting
five communities that make up the core field for ICT-enabled
policy-making. These
communities include e-government/e-participation, information
systems, complex
systems, public administration, and policy research and social
simulation. The com-
bination of these disciplines and communities are necessary to
tackle policy problems
in new ways. A sixth category was added for authors not
belonging to any of these
communities, such as philosophy and economics. Figure 1.3
shows that the authors
are evenly distributed among the communities, although this is
less with the chapter.
Most of the authors can be classified as belonging to the e-
government/e-participation
community, which is by nature interdisciplinary.
Foundation The first part deals with the foundations of the
book. In their Chap. 2
Chris Koliba and Asim Zia start with a best practice to be
incorporated in public
48. administration educational programs to embrace the new
developments sketched in
EGOV
IS
Complex Systems
Public Administration and
Policy Research
Social Simulation
other (philosophy, energy,
economics, )
Fig. 1.3 Overview of the disciplinary background of the authors
[email protected]
10 M. Janssen and M. A. Wimmer
this chapter. They identify two types of public servants that
need to be educated.
The policy informatics include the savvy public manager and
the policy informatics
analyst. This chapter can be used as a basis to adopt
interdisciplinary approaches and
include policy informatics in the public administration
curriculum.
Petra Ahrweiler and Nigel Gilbert discuss the need for the
quality of simulation
49. modeling in their Chap. 3. Developing simulation is always
based on certain as-
sumptions and a model is as good as the developer makes it.
The user community is
proposed to assess the quality of a policy-modeling exercise.
Communicative skills,
patience, willingness to compromise on both sides, and
motivation to bridge the
formal world of modelers and the narrative world of policy-
makers are suggested as
key competences. The authors argue that user involvement is
necessary in all stages
of model development.
Wander Jager and Bruce Edmonds argue that due to the
complexity that many
social systems are unpredictable by nature in their Chap. 4.
They discuss how some
insights and tools from complexity science can be used in
policy-making. In particular
they discuss the strengths and weaknesses of agent-based
modeling as a way to gain
insight in the complexity and uncertainty of policy-making.
In the Chap. 5, Erik Pruyt sketches the future in which different
systems modeling
schools and modeling methods are integrated. He shows that
elements from policy
analysis, data science, machine learning, and computer science
need to be combined
to deal with the uncertainty in policy-making. He demonstrates
the integration of
various modeling and simulation approaches and related
disciplines using three cases.
Modeling approaches are compared in the Chap. 6 authored by
50. Dragana Majs-
torovic, Maria A. Wimmer, Roy Lay-Yee, Peter Davis,and Petra
Ahrweiler. Like in
the previous chapter they argue that none of the theories on its
own is able to address
all aspects of complex policy interactions, and the need for
hybrid simulation models
is advocated.
The next chapter is complimentary to the previous chapter and
includes a com-
parison of ICT tools and technologies. The Chap. 7 is authored
by Eleni Kamateri,
Eleni Panopoulou, Efthimios Tambouris, Konstantinos
Tarabanis, Adegboyega Ojo,
Deirdre Lee, and David Price. This chapter can be used as a
basis for tool selecting
and includes visualization, argumentation, e-participation,
opinion mining, simula-
tion, persuasive, social network analysis, big data analytics,
semantics, linked data
tools, and serious games.
Social Aspects, Stakeholders and Values Although much
emphasis is put on mod-
eling efforts, the social aspects are key to effective policy-
making. The role of values
is discussed in the Chap. 8 authored by Andreas Ligtvoet,
Geerten van de Kaa, Theo
Fens, Cees van Beers, Paulien Herder, and Jeroen van den
Hoven. Using the case of
the design of smart meters in energy networks they argue that
policy-makers would
do well by not only addressing functional requirements but also
by taking individual
stakeholder and PVs into consideration.
51. In policy-making a wide range of stakeholders are involved in
various stages
of the policy-making process. Natalie Helbig, Sharon Dawes,
Zamira Dzhusupova,
Bram Klievink, and Catherine Gerald Mkude analyze five case
studies of stakeholder
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1 Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age 11
engagement in policy-making in their Chap. 9. Various
engagement tools are dis-
cussed and factors identified which support the effective use of
particular tools and
technologies.
The Chap. 10 investigates the role of values and trust in
computational models in
the policy process. This chapter is authored by Rebecca Moody
and Lasse Gerrits. The
authors found that a large diversity exists in values within the
cases. By the authors
important explanatory factors were found including (1) the role
of the designer of
the model, (2) the number of different actors (3) the level of
trust already present,
and (4) and the limited control of decision-makers over the
models.
Bureaucratic organizations are often considered to be inefficient
and not customer
friendly. Tjeerd Andringa presents and discusses a
52. multidisciplinary framework con-
taining the drivers and causes of bureaucracy in the Chap. 11.
He concludes that the
reduction of the number of rules and regulations is important,
but that motivating
workers to understand their professional roles and to learn to
oversee the impact of
their activities is even more important.
Crowdsourcing has become an important policy instrument to
gain access to
expertise (“wisdom”) outside own boundaries. In the Chap. 12,
Euripids Loukis
and Yannis Charalabidis discuss Web 2.0 social media for
crowdsourcing. Passive
crowdsourcing exploits the content generated by users, whereas
active crowdsourcing
stimulates content postings and idea generation by users.
Synergy can be created by
combining both approaches. The results of passive
crowdsourcing can be used for
guiding active crowdsourcing to avoid asking users for similar
types of input.
Policy, Collaboration and Games Agent-based gaming (ABG) is
used as a tool
to explore the possibilities to manage complex systems in the
Chap. 13 by Wander
Jager and Gerben van der Vegt. ABG allows for modeling a
virtual and autonomous
population in a computer game setting to exploit various
management and leadership
styles. In this way ABG contribute to the development of the
required knowledge on
how to manage social complex behaving systems.
53. Micro simulation focuses on modeling individual units and the
micro-level pro-
cesses that affect their development. The concepts of micro
simulation are explained
by Roy Lay-Yee and Gerry Cotterell in the Chap. 14. Micro
simulation for pol-
icy development is useful to combine multiple sources of
information in a single
contextualized model to answer “what if” questions on complex
social phenomena.
Visualization is essential to communicate the model and the
results to a variety
of stakeholders. These aspects are discussed in the Chap. 15 by
Tobias Ruppert,
Jens Dambruch, Michel Krämer, Tina Balke, Marco Gavanelli,
Stefano Bragaglia,
Federico Chesani, Michela Milano, and Jörn Kohlhammer. They
argue that despite
the significance to use evidence in policy-making, this is
seldom realized. Three
case studies that have been conducted in two European research
projects for policy-
modeling are presented. In all the cases access for nonexperts to
the computational
models by information visualization technologies was realized.
[email protected]
12 M. Janssen and M. A. Wimmer
Applications and Practices Different projects have been
initiated to study the best
suitable transition process towards renewable energy. In the
54. Chap. 16 by Dominik
Bär, Maria A. Wimmer, Jozef Glova, Anastasia
Papazafeiropoulou,and Laurence
Brooks five of these projects are analyzed and compared. They
please for transferring
models from one country to other countries to facilitate
learning.
Lyudmila Vidyasova, Andrei Chugunov, and Dmitrii Trutnev
present experiences
from Russia in their Chap. 17. They argue that informational,
analytical, and fore-
casting activities for the processes of socioeconomic
development are an important
element in policy-making. The authors provide a brief overview
of the history, the
current state of the implementation of information processing
techniques, and prac-
tices for the purpose of public administration in the Russian
Federation. Finally, they
provide a range of recommendations to proceed.
Urban policy for sustainability is another important area which
is directly linked
to the first chapter in this section. In the Chap. 18, Diego
Navarra and Simona Milio
demonstrate a system dynamics model to show how urban policy
and governance in
the future can support ICT projects in order to reduce energy
usage, rehabilitate the
housing stock, and promote sustainability in the urban
environment. This chapter
contains examples of sustainable urban development policies as
well as case studies.
In the Chap. 19, Tanko Ahmed discusses the digital divide
55. which is blocking
online participation in policy-making processes. Structuration,
institutional and
actor-network theories are used to analyze a case study of
political zoning. The
author recommends stronger institutionalization of ICT support
and legislation for
enhancing participation in policy-making and bridging the
digital divide.
1.6 Conclusions
This book is the first comprehensive book in which the various
development and disci-
plines are covered from the policy-making perspective driven by
ICT developments.
A wide range of aspects for social and professional networking
and multidisciplinary
constituency building along the axes of technology,
participative processes, gover-
nance, policy-modeling, social simulation, and visualization are
investigated. Policy-
making is a complex process in which many stakeholders are
involved. PVs can be
used to guide policy-making efforts and to ensure that the many
stakeholders have
an understanding of the societal value that needs to be created.
There is an infusion
of technology resulting in changing policy processes and
stakeholder involvement.
Technologies like social media provides a means to interact
with the public, blogs
can be used to express opinions, big and open data provide
input for evidence-based
policy-making, the integration of various types of modeling and
simulation tech-
56. niques (hybrid models) can provide much more insight and
reliable outcomes, gam-
ing in which all kind of stakeholders are involved open new
ways of innovative policy-
making. In addition trends like the freedom of information, the
wisdom of the crowds,
and open collaboration changes the landscape further. The
policy-making landscape
is clearly changing and this demands a strong need for
interdisciplinary research.
[email protected]
1 Introduction to Policy-Making in the Digital Age 13
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61. Chapter 2
Educating Public Managers and Policy Analysts
in an Era of Informatics
Christopher Koliba and Asim Zia
Abstract In this chapter, two ideal types of practitioners who
may use or cre-
ate policy informatics projects, programs, or platforms are
introduced: the policy
informatics-savvy public manager and the policy informatics
analyst. Drawing from
our experiences in teaching an informatics-friendly graduate
curriculum, we dis-
cuss the range of learning competencies needed for traditional
public managers and
policy informatics-oriented analysts to thrive in an era of
informatics. The chapter
begins by describing the two different types of students who
are, or can be touched
by, policy informatics-friendly competencies, skills, and
attitudes. Competencies
ranging from those who may be users of policy informatics and
sponsors of policy
informatics projects and programs to those analysts designing
and executing policy
informatics projects and programs will be addressed. The
chapter concludes with
an illustration of how one Master of Public Administration
(MPA) program with a
policy informatics-friendly mission, a core curriculum that
touches on policy infor-
matics applications, and a series of program electives that
allows students to develop
63. 16 C. Koliba and A. Zia
administrators and policy analysts. In this chapter, we discuss
the role of policy infor-
matics in the development of present and future public
managers and policy analysts.
Drawing from our experiences in teaching an informatics-
friendly graduate curricu-
lum, we discuss the range of learning competencies needed for
traditional public
managers and policy informatics-oriented analysts to thrive in
an era of informatics.
The chapter begins by describing the two different types of
students who are, or can
be touched by, policy informatics-friendly competencies, skills,
and attitudes. Com-
petencies ranging from those who may be users of policy
informatics and sponsors of
policy informatics projects and programs to those analysts
designing and executing
policy informatics projects and programs will be addressed. The
chapter concludes
with an illustration of how one MPA program with a policy
informatics-friendly
mission, a core curriculum that touches on policy informatics
applications, and a
series of program electives that allows students to develop
analysis and modeling
skills, designates its informatics-oriented competencies.
2.2 Two Types of Practitioner Orientations to Policy
Informatics
Drawn from our experience, we find that there are two “ideal
types” of policy infor-
64. matics practitioner, each requiring greater and greater levels of
technical mastery of
analytics techniques and approaches. These ideal types are:
policy informatics-savvy
public managers and policy informatics analysts.
A policy informatics-savvy public manager may take on one of
two possible roles
relative to policy informatics projects, programs, or platforms.
They may play instru-
mental roles in catalyzing and implementing informatics
initiatives on behalf of their
organizations, agencies, or institutions. In the manner, they may
work with technical
experts (analysts) to envision possible uses for data,
visualizations, simulations, and
the like. Public managers may also be in the role of using policy
informatics projects,
programs, or platforms. They may be in positions to use these
initiatives to ground
decision making, allocate resources, and otherwise guide the
performance of their
organizations.
A policy informatics analyst is a person who is positioned to
actually execute
a policy informatics initiative. They may be referred to as
analysts, researchers,
modelers, or programmers and provide the technical assistance
needed to analyze
databases, build and run models, simulations, and otherwise
construct useful and
effective policy informatics projects, programs, or platforms.
To succeed in either and both roles, managers and analysts will
require a certain set
65. of skills, knowledge, or competencies. Drawing on some of the
prevailing literature
and our own experiences, we lay out an initial list of potential
competencies for
consideration.
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2 Educating Public Managers and Policy Analysts in an Era of
Informatics 17
2.2.1 Policy Informatics-Savvy Public Managers
To successfully harness policy informatics, public managers
will likely not need to
know how to explicitly build models or manipulate big data.
Instead, they will need
to know what kinds of questions that policy informatics projects
or programs can
answer or not answer. They will need to know how to contract
with and/or manage
data managers, policy analysts, and modelers. They will need to
be savvy consumers
of data analysis and computational models, but not necessarily
need to know how to
technically execute them. Policy informatics projects, programs,
and platforms are
designed and executed in some ways, as any large-scale,
complex project.
In writing about the stages of informatics project development
using “big data,”
DeSouza lays out project development along three stages:
planning, execution, and
66. postimplementation. Throughout the project life cycle, he
emphasizes the role of
understanding the prevailing policy and legal environment, the
need to venture into
coalition building, the importance of communicating the broader
opportunities af-
forded by the project, the need to develop performance
indicators, and the importance
of lining up adequate financial and human resources (2014).
Framing what traditional public managers need to know and do
to effectively
interface with policy informatics projects and programs requires
an ability to be a
“systems thinker,” an effective evaluator, a capacity to integrate
informatics into
performance and financial management systems, effective
communication skills,
and a capacity to draw on social media, information technology,
and e-governance
approaches to achieve common objectives. We briefly review
each of these capacities
below.
Systems Thinking Knowing the right kinds of questions that
may be asked through
policy informatics projects and programs requires public
managers to possess a “sys-
tems” view. Much has been written about the importance of
“systems thinking” for
public managers (Katz and Kahn 1978; Stacey 2001; Senge
1990; Korton 2001).
Taking a systems perspective allows public managers to
understand the relationship
between the “whole” and the “parts.” Systems-oriented public
managers will possess
67. a level of situational awareness (Endsley 1995) that allows them
to see and under-
stand patterns of interaction and anticipate future events and
orientations. Situational
awareness allows public mangers to understand and evaluate
where data are coming
from, how best data are interpreted, and the kinds of
assumptions being used in
specific interpretations (Koliba et al. 2011). The concept of
system thinking laid out
here can be associated with the notion of transition management
(Loorbach 2007).
Process Orientations to Public Policy The capacity to view the
policy making and
implementation process as a process that involves certain levels
of coordination
and conflict between policy actors is of critical importance for
policy informatics-
savvy public managers and analysts. Understanding how data
are used to frame
problems and policy solutions, how complex governance
arrangements impact policy
implementation (Koliba et al. 2010), and how data visualization
can be used to
[email protected]
18 C. Koliba and A. Zia
facilitate the setting of policy agendas and open policy windows
(Kingdon 1984) is
of critical importance for public management and policy
analysts alike.
68. Research Methodologies Another basic competency needed for
any public manager
using policy informatics is a foundational understanding of
research methods, par-
ticularly quantitative reasoning and methodologies. A
foundational understanding of
data validity, analytical rigor and relevance, statistical
significance, and the like are
needed to be effective consumers of informatics. That said,
traditional public man-
agers should also be exposed to qualitative methods as well,
refining their powers of
observation, understanding how symbols, stories, and numbers
are used to govern,
and how data and data visualization and computer simulations
play into these mental
models.
Performance Management A key feature of systems thinking as
applied to policy
informatics is the importance of understanding how data and
analysis are to be
used and who the intended users of the data are (Patton 2008).
The integration of
policy informatics into strategic planning (Bryson 2011),
performance management
systems (Moynihan 2008), and ultimately woven into an
organization’s capacity to
learn, adapt, and evolve (Argyis and Schön 1996) are critically
important in this
vein. As policy informatics trends evolve, public managers will
likely need to be
exposed to uses of decision support tools, dashboards, and other
computationally
driven models and visualizations to support organizational
69. performance.
Financial Management Since the first systemic budgeting
systems were put in place,
public managers have been urged to use the budgeting process
as a planning and eval-
uation tool (Willoughby 1918). This approach was formally
codified in the 1960s
with the planning–programming–budgeting (PPB) system with
its focus on plan-
ning, managerial, and operational control (Schick 1966) and
later adopted into more
contemporary approaches to budgeting (Caiden 1981). Using
informative projects,
programs, or platforms to make strategic resource allocation
decisions is a necessary
given and a capacity that effective public managers must
master. Likewise, the pol-
icy analyst will likely need to integrate financial resource flows
and costs into their
projects.
Collaborative and Cooperative Capacity Building The
development and use of pol-
icy informatics projects, programs, or platforms is rarely, if
ever, undertaken as
an individual, isolated endeavor. It is more likely that such
initiatives will require
interagency, interorganizational, or intergroup coordination. It
is also likely that
content experts will need to be partnered with analysts and
programmers to com-
plete tasks and execute designs. The public manager and policy
analyst must both
possess the capacity to facilitate collaborative management
functions (O’Leary and
70. Bingham 2009).
Basic Communication Skills This perhaps goes without saying,
but the heart of any
informatics project lies in the ability to effectively
communicate findings and ideas
through the analysis of data.
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2 Educating Public Managers and Policy Analysts in an Era of
Informatics 19
Social Media, Information Technology, and e-Governance
Awareness A final com-
petency concerns public managers’ capacity to deepen their
understanding of how
social media, Web-based tools, and related information
technologies are being em-
ployed to foster various e-government, e-governance, and
related initiatives (Mergel
2013). Placing policy informatics projects and programs within
the context of these
larger trends and uses is something that public managers must
be exposed to.
Within our MPA program, we have operationalized these
capacities within a four-
point rubric that outlines what a student needs to do to
demonstrate meeting these
standards. The rubric below highlights 8 of our program’s 18
capacities. All 18 of
these capacities are situated under 1 of the 5 core competencies
tied to the accred-
71. itation standards of the Network of Schools of Public Affairs
and Administration
(NASPAA), the professional accrediting association in the USA,
and increasingly in
other countries as well, for MPA and MPP programs. A
complete list of these core
competencies and the 18 capacities nested under them are
provided in Appendix of
this chapter.
The eight capacities that we have singled out as being the most
salient to the role
of policy informatics in public administration are provided in
Table 2.1. The rubric
follows a four-point scale, ranging from “does not meet
standard,” “approaches
standard,” “meets standard,” and “exceeds standard.”
2.2.2 Policy Informatics Analysts
A second type of practitioner to be considered is what we are
referring to as a “policy
informatics analyst.” When considering the kinds of
competencies that policy infor-
matics analysts need to be successful, we first assume that the
basic competencies
outlined in the prior section apply here as well. In other words,
effective policy in-
formatics analysts must be systems thinkers in order to place
data and their analysis
into context, be cognizant of current uses of decision support
systems (and related
platforms) to enable organizational learning, performance, and
strategic planning,
and possess an awareness of e-governance and e-government
initiatives and how they
72. are transforming contemporary public management and policy
planning practices.
In addition, policy analysts must possess a capacity to
understand policy systems:
How policies are made and implemented? This baseline
understanding can then be
used to consider the placement, purpose, and design of policy
informatics projects
or programs. We lay out more specific analyst capacities below.
Advanced Research Methods of Information Technology
Applications In many in-
stances, policy informatics analysts will need to move beyond
meeting the standard.
This is particularly true in the area of exceeding the public
manager standards for re-
search methods and utilization of information technology. It is
assumed that effective
policy informatics analysts will have a strong foundation in
quantitative methodolo-
gies and applications. To obtain these skills, policy analysts
will need to move beyond
basic surveys of research methods into more advanced research
methods curriculum.
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20 C. Koliba and A. Zia
T
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2.
224. tt
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2 Educating Public Managers and Policy Analysts in an Era of
Informatics 23
Competencies in advanced quantitative methods in which
students learn to clean and
manage large databases, perform advanced statistical tests,
develop linear regression
models to describe causal relationship, and the like are needed.
Capacity to work
225. across software platforms such as Excel, Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences
(SPSS), Analytica, and the like are important. Increasingly, the
capacity to triangu-
late different methods, including qualitative approaches such as
interviews, focus
groups, participant observations is needed.
Data Visualization and Design Not only must analysts be aware
of how these meth-
ods and decision support platforms may be used by practitioners
but also they must
know how to design and implement them. Therefore, we suggest
that policy infor-
matics analysts be exposed to design principles and how they
may be applied to
decision support systems, big data projects, and the like. Policy
informatics analysts
will need to understand and appreciate how data visualization
techniques are being
employed to “tell a story” through data.
Figure 2.1 provides an illustration of one student’s effort to
visualize campaign
donations to state legislatures from the gas-extraction (fracking)
industry undertaken
by a masters student, Jeffery Castle for a system analysis and
strategic management
class taught by Koliba.
Castle’s project demonstrates the power of data visualization to
convey a central
message drawing from existing databases. With a solid research
methods background
and exposure to visualization and design principles in class, he
was able to develop
226. an insightful policy informatics project.
Basic to Advanced Programming Language Skills Arguably,
policy informatics ana-
lysts will possess a capacity to visualize and present data in a
manner that is accessible.
Increasingly, web-based tools are being used to design user
interfaces. Knowledge
of JAVA and HTML are likely most helpful in these regards. In
some instances,
original programs and models will need to be written through
the use of program-
ming languages such as Python, R, C++, etc. The extent to
which existing software
programs, be they open source or proprietary, provide enough
utility to execute pol-
icy informatics projects, programs, or platforms is a continuing
subject of debate
within the policy informatics community. Exactly how much
and to what extent spe-
cific programming languages and software programs are needing
to be mastered is
a standing question. For the purposes of writing this chapter, we
rely on our current
baseline observations and encourage more discussion and debate
about the range of
competencies needed by successful policy analysts.
Basic to More Advanced Modeling Skills More advanced policy
informatics analysts
will employ computational modeling approaches that allow for
the incorporation of
more complex interactions between variables. These models
may be used to capture
systems as dynamic, emergent, and path dependent. The outputs
of these models