Potholes form due to the presence of water in the underlying soil structure of asphalt pavements. Traffic then breaks the weakened asphalt surface, creating holes. There are many reasons for potholes in India, including insufficient pavement thickness, drainage, and repairs of cracks and utility trenches. Preventing potholes requires regularly surveying roads for risks, providing adequate drainage, and performing preventative maintenance such as sealing cracks before they worsen.

1. CHALLLENGE 3
QIMPRO

2. ANJALI TANEJA
NAMITA SHARMA
PARETO DIAGRAM

3. A pothole is a type of failure in an asphalt
pavement caused by the presence of water in
the underlying soil structure and the presence
of traffic passing over the affected area.
Introduction of water to the underlying soil
structure first weakens the supporting soil.
Traffic then fatigues and breaks the poorly
supported asphalt surface in the affected area.
Continued traffic action ejects both asphalt and
the underlying soil material to create a hole in
the pavement.
POTHOLE

4. Come monsoon and the Indian city people struggle
to commute. As it rains, in potholed India, it's all
about bumpy rides, accidents and traffic jams.
In the cities of Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore, where
authorities claim to be spending lakhs and crores on
maintenance of roads, commuters are leading a
miserable life struggling to sail through potholed
roads every day.
POTHOLES IN
INDIA

5. PHOTOGRAPHIC DISCRIPTION

10. There are many reasons leading to the
potholes in India.
Some of them are listed here:
REASON FOR POTHOLES

11. 1. Insufficient pavement thickness to support traffic during freeze/thaw periods without
localized failures.
2. Insufficient drainage.
3. Failures at utility trenches and castings (manhole and drain casings).
4. Miscellaneous pavement defects and cracks left unmaintained and unsealed so as
to admit moisture and compromise the structural integrity of the pavement.
5 .Presence of water in the underlying soil structure.

13. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR POTHOLES
 WATER
 FREEZW/THAW
 CAVITIES/VOIDS
 HEAVY LOADING
 WORN-OUT ASPHALT
 WORN-OUT ROAD BASE
 CONNECTING CRACKS
 STUD TIRES
 EDGE RAVELING

14.  SHOULDERS
 POOR REAPAIRS
 QUALITY OF DESIGN
 WORKMANSHIP
 DIRECT IMPACT/DAMAGE
 CONCRETE GRAVEL ROADS

18. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
%Effect on causing potholes
%Effect on causing
potholes

20. HOW TO TACKLE THE
PROBLEM ?

21. 1.Prevention is better than cure - intervening at the right time
will reduce the amount of potholes forming and prevent bigger
problems later.
2.Right first time - do it once and get it right, rather than face
continuous bills.
3.Clarity for the public - local highway authorities need to
communicate to the public what is being done and how it is being
done.
The part of the coalition government’s £6 million Highways Maintenance
Efficiency Programme - looks at how best to fix potholes once they have
formed but also how to prevent them from appearing in the first place. The
recommendations for central government, local highway authorities and
the highways sector fall into 3 main themes:

22. 1 . Surveying of pavements for risk factors.
2 . Providing adequate drainage structures.
3 . Preventative maintenance.
4 . Utility cut management.
PREVENTION

23. SURVEYING OF PAVEMENTS :At-risk
pavement are more often local roads with
lower structural standards and more
complicating factors, like underground
utilities, than major arteries. Pavement
condition monitoring can lead to timely
preventative action. Surveys address pavement
distresses, which both diminishes the strength
of the asphalt layer and admits water into the
pavement, and effective drainage of water from
within and around the pavement structure.

24. DRAINAGE : Drainage structures, including
ditching and storm sewers are essential for
removing water from pavements. Avoiding
other risk factors with good construction
includes well-draining base and sub-base
soils that avoid frost action and promote
drying of the soil structure. Adequate
crowns promote drainage to the sides.

25. PREVENTATIVE :Preventative maintenance
adds maintaining pavement structural
integrity with thickness and continuity to the
mix of preventing water penetration and
promoting water migration away from the
roadway.

26. UTILITY CUT MANAGEMENT :Eaton, et
al., advocate a permitting process for utility
cuts with specifications that avoid loss of
structural continuity of pavements and
flaws or failures that allow water
penetration.