This document provides an overview of software quality assurance. It discusses key quality concepts, quality control, the cost of quality, and software quality assurance. It also describes formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, software reliability, and the components of a software quality assurance plan. The goal of software quality assurance is to achieve a high-quality software product through standards, reviews, testing, and other quality control measures.
The document discusses software quality assurance concepts including quality, quality control, quality assurance, the cost of quality, software reviews, statistical quality assurance, and the SQA plan. It defines these terms and describes techniques for their implementation such as formal technical reviews, error tracking, and establishing metrics. The goal of software quality assurance is to achieve high quality software through standards, testing, documentation control and other management practices.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality as meeting requirements and user expectations. Quality criteria include correctness, efficiency, flexibility, and others. Software quality assurance involves monitoring processes and products throughout development to ensure quality. This includes reviewing requirements, design, code, and testing products. It also involves assessing conformance to standards and processes.
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and quality control (QC). It defines SQA as a planned set of activities to evaluate the development process and ensure software meets requirements. QC focuses on reviews, inspections, and tests to find and remove defects before product release. Formal technical reviews (FTRs) are important QC activities that involve evaluation of work products by other engineers to uncover errors early. The goal is to improve quality and catch the majority of defects in a cost-effective manner.
This document provides an overview of software quality assurance. It discusses key quality concepts, quality control, the cost of quality, and software quality assurance. It also describes formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, software reliability, and the components of a software quality assurance plan. The goal of software quality assurance is to achieve a high-quality software product through standards, reviews, testing, and other quality control measures.
The document outlines an IEEE standard for a software quality assurance (SQA) plan, including basic items such as the plan's purpose and scope, reference documents, management and organizational structure, documentation standards, testing procedures, code control, media storage, maintenance and retention policies, training, and risk management. The SQA plan provides a roadmap for implementing quality assurance activities throughout the software development lifecycle.
Software QA Fundamentals by Prabhath DarshanaShamain Peiris
The document provides an overview of software quality assurance (QA) fundamentals. It defines software QA as a process to ensure software matches expected results in terms of correctness, completeness, and quality. It discusses why QA is needed to ensure reliability, usability, and that software meets requirements and works as intended. The document also describes different types of testing methods like black box, white box, and grey box testing and explains unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and other testing types part of the software development life cycle.
This document discusses software quality assurance (SQA). It defines SQA as a planned set of activities to provide confidence that software meets requirements and specifications. The document outlines important software quality factors like correctness, reliability, and maintainability. It describes SQA objectives in development and maintenance. Key principles of SQA involve understanding the development process, requirements, and how to measure conformance. Typical SQA activities include validation, verification, defect prevention and detection, and metrics. SQA can occur at different levels like testing, validation, and certification.
Software maintenance and configuration management, software engineeringRupesh Vaishnav
Types of Software Maintenance, Re-Engineering, Reverse Engineering, Forward Engineering, The SCM Process, Identification of Objects in the Software Configuration, Version
Control and Change Control
The document discusses software quality assurance concepts including quality, quality control, quality assurance, the cost of quality, software reviews, statistical quality assurance, and the SQA plan. It defines these terms and describes techniques for their implementation such as formal technical reviews, error tracking, and establishing metrics. The goal of software quality assurance is to achieve high quality software through standards, testing, documentation control and other management practices.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality as meeting requirements and user expectations. Quality criteria include correctness, efficiency, flexibility, and others. Software quality assurance involves monitoring processes and products throughout development to ensure quality. This includes reviewing requirements, design, code, and testing products. It also involves assessing conformance to standards and processes.
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and quality control (QC). It defines SQA as a planned set of activities to evaluate the development process and ensure software meets requirements. QC focuses on reviews, inspections, and tests to find and remove defects before product release. Formal technical reviews (FTRs) are important QC activities that involve evaluation of work products by other engineers to uncover errors early. The goal is to improve quality and catch the majority of defects in a cost-effective manner.
This document provides an overview of software quality assurance. It discusses key quality concepts, quality control, the cost of quality, and software quality assurance. It also describes formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, software reliability, and the components of a software quality assurance plan. The goal of software quality assurance is to achieve a high-quality software product through standards, reviews, testing, and other quality control measures.
The document outlines an IEEE standard for a software quality assurance (SQA) plan, including basic items such as the plan's purpose and scope, reference documents, management and organizational structure, documentation standards, testing procedures, code control, media storage, maintenance and retention policies, training, and risk management. The SQA plan provides a roadmap for implementing quality assurance activities throughout the software development lifecycle.
Software QA Fundamentals by Prabhath DarshanaShamain Peiris
The document provides an overview of software quality assurance (QA) fundamentals. It defines software QA as a process to ensure software matches expected results in terms of correctness, completeness, and quality. It discusses why QA is needed to ensure reliability, usability, and that software meets requirements and works as intended. The document also describes different types of testing methods like black box, white box, and grey box testing and explains unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and other testing types part of the software development life cycle.
This document discusses software quality assurance (SQA). It defines SQA as a planned set of activities to provide confidence that software meets requirements and specifications. The document outlines important software quality factors like correctness, reliability, and maintainability. It describes SQA objectives in development and maintenance. Key principles of SQA involve understanding the development process, requirements, and how to measure conformance. Typical SQA activities include validation, verification, defect prevention and detection, and metrics. SQA can occur at different levels like testing, validation, and certification.
Software maintenance and configuration management, software engineeringRupesh Vaishnav
Types of Software Maintenance, Re-Engineering, Reverse Engineering, Forward Engineering, The SCM Process, Identification of Objects in the Software Configuration, Version
Control and Change Control
This document discusses the key components of software quality assurance (SQA). It outlines pre-project quality components like contract reviews and quality plans. It also describes project life cycle components such as reviews, testing, maintenance and quality assurance. Additionally, it discusses infrastructure components for error prevention like procedures, training and configuration management. The goal is to organize SQA efforts and ensure quality throughout the software development life cycle.
This document provides details on software quality assurance including:
1. It lists the 8 steps for launching an SQA program including initiating the program, identifying issues, writing an SQA plan, establishing standards and structure, and implementing and evaluating the plan.
2. It discusses reasons SQA programs sometimes fail such as lack of experienced staff and development groups not producing quality plans.
3. It provides responsibilities of SQA like reviewing development and quality plans and auditing source code management performance.
This document provides an overview of software configuration management (SCM) concepts and definitions. It discusses SCM as the discipline for systematically controlling changes to software systems throughout the software life cycle. The key activities of SCM are identified as configuration identification, configuration change control, configuration status accounting, and configuration auditing. Baselines, configuration items, and the importance of SCM are also summarized.
Software Engineering (An Agile View of Process)ShudipPal
1) Agile processes emphasize self-organizing teams, communication, embracing change, and rapid delivery of working software. Several agile process models were created to address these principles, including Extreme Programming (XP), Adaptive Software Development (ASD), Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM), Scrum, and Crystal.
2) The Manifesto for Agile Software Development values individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change over processes, tools, documentation, contracts, and plans.
3) Successful agile processes deliver working software frequently, emphasize collaboration between customers and developers, and can adapt to changing requirements through incremental development.
Testing is the process of executing software to find defects and verify requirements are met. It involves executing a program or modules to observe behavior and outcomes, and analyze failures to locate and fix faults. The main purposes of testing are to demonstrate quality and proper behavior, and to detect and fix defects. Testing strategies include starting with individual component tests and progressing to integrated system tests. Different techniques like black-box and white-box testing are used at various stages. Manual testing is time-consuming while automated testing is faster and more reliable. Testing continues until quality goals are met or resources run out. Debugging locates and removes defects found via testing.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It covers key concepts like quality, quality control, quality assurance, cost of quality. It then discusses topics like software reviews, formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, and the SQA plan. The overall goal of software quality assurance is to achieve high-quality software products.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality assurance as activities designed to ensure production meets requirements and standards. Software quality assurance involves systematic activities that provide evidence of a software product's fitness for use. It includes components like quality management, software testing, quality control, configuration management, and following quality standards. The document outlines various quality assurance processes like identifying components, version control, configuration building, and change control that are part of ensuring high-quality software.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality software as being reasonably bug-free, delivered on time and within budget, meeting requirements, and maintainable. It also discusses factors that can directly and indirectly measure quality, categories of quality factors, the McCall model for quality factors, and common problems and solutions in the software development process. The document emphasizes that requirements are foundational to quality and standards guide development. It also covers SQA activities, good code, design, user interfaces, and useful websites.
Software Quality Assurance in software engineeringMuhammadTalha436
1. Software quality assurance involves quality control through inspections, reviews and testing throughout development to ensure work products meet specifications.
2. The costs of quality include prevention costs like planning and training, appraisal costs like testing, and failure costs like rework and support; finding and fixing defects early through reviews reduces costs.
3. Formal technical reviews uncover errors at various stages of development to catch them before they become costly defects later on; a review meeting follows constraints and produces an issues list and report that is tracked to resolution.
Chapter 8 software quality assurance and configuration auditCliftone Mullah
This document discusses software quality assurance and configuration management. It defines quality assurance as forecasting and preventing quality problems. Software quality assurance aims to ensure software conforms to requirements. Key quality assurance activities include policies, reviews, checklists and testing. Software quality factors are categorized into product operations, revision and transition. Product operations factors include correctness, reliability, efficiency and usability. Formal technical reviews are planned meetings to uncover errors and ensure standards compliance. Guidelines are provided for organizing, preparing and conducting reviews.
The document discusses the various components of software quality assurance (SQA) systems that can be classified into six main classes: pre-project quality components, project life cycle components, infrastructure error preventive and improvement components, software quality management components, standardization, certification and SQA assessment components, and organizing for SQA – the human components. It provides details on various SQA activities like reviews, expert opinions, software testing, software maintenance, and ensuring quality of subcontractors' work. It also discusses documentation control and configuration management as important SQA components.
Softwarequalityassurance with Abu ul hassan SahadviAbuulHassan2
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and defines it as an umbrella activity that encompasses quality management, software engineering technology, formal reviews, testing strategies, documentation control, and compliance with standards. It describes key SQA activities like preparing an SQA plan, participating in process development, reviewing activities for compliance, auditing work products, and ensuring deviations are addressed. It also covers quality concepts, software reviews, reliability specifications, metrics, and perceptions of reliability.
A Guide to the Forthcoming 2012 Revision of the IEEE Software Quality Assuran...dheimann5
The IEEE is in the process of updating and adding significant content to its IEEE-730-2002 standard on Software Quality Assurance (SQA). The new version will coordinate with the four process areas and sixteen SQA tasks in the IEEE-12207-2008 standard “Systems and Software Engineering: Software Life Cycle Processes”, providing detailed elaborations for these areas and tasks.
The presentation provides a brief overview of these areas and tasks, discuss the difference between SQA and testing, and cover the annexes in IEEE 730 that provide industry-specific information as well as the relationships with software process approaches such as CMMI, Agile, SPICE, CSQE, PMBOK, and VSEs.
The document discusses quality management in software development. It covers concepts like software quality assurance, reviews, reliability, and standards like ISO 9000 and CMM. Quality management aims to reduce errors and costs by doing development correctly from the start. It involves assurance tasks, engineering practices, work product control, and compliance with standards. An SQA plan outlines the quality assurance process for a specific project.
Software Engineering (Software Process: A Generic View)ShudipPal
This document provides an overview of software processes and engineering. It defines a software process as a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. The document then discusses the generic process framework activities of communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It also covers umbrella activities like project management, reviews, and quality assurance that span the entire software process. Finally, it introduces the Capability Maturity Model Integration for assessing software processes and describes its five maturity levels from initial to optimized.
Introduction To Software Quality Assuranceruth_reategui
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and defines key terms and concepts. It outlines the components of an SQA plan according to IEEE standard 730, including required sections, documentation to review, standards and metrics, and types of reviews. It also summarizes approaches to SQA from the Software Capability Maturity Model and the Rational Unified Process.
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
This document provides an overview of software quality assurance. It discusses key quality concepts like quality, quality control, quality assurance, and the cost of quality. It also describes formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, software reliability, and the components of a software quality assurance plan. The goal of software quality assurance is to achieve a high-quality software product through standards, reviews, testing, and other quality control measures.
This short message exchanges greetings and expresses gratitude. The sender asks how the recipient is doing and responds that they are fine, thanking the other person profusely in three sentences.
This document discusses the key components of software quality assurance (SQA). It outlines pre-project quality components like contract reviews and quality plans. It also describes project life cycle components such as reviews, testing, maintenance and quality assurance. Additionally, it discusses infrastructure components for error prevention like procedures, training and configuration management. The goal is to organize SQA efforts and ensure quality throughout the software development life cycle.
This document provides details on software quality assurance including:
1. It lists the 8 steps for launching an SQA program including initiating the program, identifying issues, writing an SQA plan, establishing standards and structure, and implementing and evaluating the plan.
2. It discusses reasons SQA programs sometimes fail such as lack of experienced staff and development groups not producing quality plans.
3. It provides responsibilities of SQA like reviewing development and quality plans and auditing source code management performance.
This document provides an overview of software configuration management (SCM) concepts and definitions. It discusses SCM as the discipline for systematically controlling changes to software systems throughout the software life cycle. The key activities of SCM are identified as configuration identification, configuration change control, configuration status accounting, and configuration auditing. Baselines, configuration items, and the importance of SCM are also summarized.
Software Engineering (An Agile View of Process)ShudipPal
1) Agile processes emphasize self-organizing teams, communication, embracing change, and rapid delivery of working software. Several agile process models were created to address these principles, including Extreme Programming (XP), Adaptive Software Development (ASD), Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM), Scrum, and Crystal.
2) The Manifesto for Agile Software Development values individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change over processes, tools, documentation, contracts, and plans.
3) Successful agile processes deliver working software frequently, emphasize collaboration between customers and developers, and can adapt to changing requirements through incremental development.
Testing is the process of executing software to find defects and verify requirements are met. It involves executing a program or modules to observe behavior and outcomes, and analyze failures to locate and fix faults. The main purposes of testing are to demonstrate quality and proper behavior, and to detect and fix defects. Testing strategies include starting with individual component tests and progressing to integrated system tests. Different techniques like black-box and white-box testing are used at various stages. Manual testing is time-consuming while automated testing is faster and more reliable. Testing continues until quality goals are met or resources run out. Debugging locates and removes defects found via testing.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It covers key concepts like quality, quality control, quality assurance, cost of quality. It then discusses topics like software reviews, formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, and the SQA plan. The overall goal of software quality assurance is to achieve high-quality software products.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality assurance as activities designed to ensure production meets requirements and standards. Software quality assurance involves systematic activities that provide evidence of a software product's fitness for use. It includes components like quality management, software testing, quality control, configuration management, and following quality standards. The document outlines various quality assurance processes like identifying components, version control, configuration building, and change control that are part of ensuring high-quality software.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality software as being reasonably bug-free, delivered on time and within budget, meeting requirements, and maintainable. It also discusses factors that can directly and indirectly measure quality, categories of quality factors, the McCall model for quality factors, and common problems and solutions in the software development process. The document emphasizes that requirements are foundational to quality and standards guide development. It also covers SQA activities, good code, design, user interfaces, and useful websites.
Software Quality Assurance in software engineeringMuhammadTalha436
1. Software quality assurance involves quality control through inspections, reviews and testing throughout development to ensure work products meet specifications.
2. The costs of quality include prevention costs like planning and training, appraisal costs like testing, and failure costs like rework and support; finding and fixing defects early through reviews reduces costs.
3. Formal technical reviews uncover errors at various stages of development to catch them before they become costly defects later on; a review meeting follows constraints and produces an issues list and report that is tracked to resolution.
Chapter 8 software quality assurance and configuration auditCliftone Mullah
This document discusses software quality assurance and configuration management. It defines quality assurance as forecasting and preventing quality problems. Software quality assurance aims to ensure software conforms to requirements. Key quality assurance activities include policies, reviews, checklists and testing. Software quality factors are categorized into product operations, revision and transition. Product operations factors include correctness, reliability, efficiency and usability. Formal technical reviews are planned meetings to uncover errors and ensure standards compliance. Guidelines are provided for organizing, preparing and conducting reviews.
The document discusses the various components of software quality assurance (SQA) systems that can be classified into six main classes: pre-project quality components, project life cycle components, infrastructure error preventive and improvement components, software quality management components, standardization, certification and SQA assessment components, and organizing for SQA – the human components. It provides details on various SQA activities like reviews, expert opinions, software testing, software maintenance, and ensuring quality of subcontractors' work. It also discusses documentation control and configuration management as important SQA components.
Softwarequalityassurance with Abu ul hassan SahadviAbuulHassan2
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and defines it as an umbrella activity that encompasses quality management, software engineering technology, formal reviews, testing strategies, documentation control, and compliance with standards. It describes key SQA activities like preparing an SQA plan, participating in process development, reviewing activities for compliance, auditing work products, and ensuring deviations are addressed. It also covers quality concepts, software reviews, reliability specifications, metrics, and perceptions of reliability.
A Guide to the Forthcoming 2012 Revision of the IEEE Software Quality Assuran...dheimann5
The IEEE is in the process of updating and adding significant content to its IEEE-730-2002 standard on Software Quality Assurance (SQA). The new version will coordinate with the four process areas and sixteen SQA tasks in the IEEE-12207-2008 standard “Systems and Software Engineering: Software Life Cycle Processes”, providing detailed elaborations for these areas and tasks.
The presentation provides a brief overview of these areas and tasks, discuss the difference between SQA and testing, and cover the annexes in IEEE 730 that provide industry-specific information as well as the relationships with software process approaches such as CMMI, Agile, SPICE, CSQE, PMBOK, and VSEs.
The document discusses quality management in software development. It covers concepts like software quality assurance, reviews, reliability, and standards like ISO 9000 and CMM. Quality management aims to reduce errors and costs by doing development correctly from the start. It involves assurance tasks, engineering practices, work product control, and compliance with standards. An SQA plan outlines the quality assurance process for a specific project.
Software Engineering (Software Process: A Generic View)ShudipPal
This document provides an overview of software processes and engineering. It defines a software process as a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. The document then discusses the generic process framework activities of communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It also covers umbrella activities like project management, reviews, and quality assurance that span the entire software process. Finally, it introduces the Capability Maturity Model Integration for assessing software processes and describes its five maturity levels from initial to optimized.
Introduction To Software Quality Assuranceruth_reategui
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and defines key terms and concepts. It outlines the components of an SQA plan according to IEEE standard 730, including required sections, documentation to review, standards and metrics, and types of reviews. It also summarizes approaches to SQA from the Software Capability Maturity Model and the Rational Unified Process.
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
This document provides an overview of software quality assurance. It discusses key quality concepts like quality, quality control, quality assurance, and the cost of quality. It also describes formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, software reliability, and the components of a software quality assurance plan. The goal of software quality assurance is to achieve a high-quality software product through standards, reviews, testing, and other quality control measures.
This short message exchanges greetings and expresses gratitude. The sender asks how the recipient is doing and responds that they are fine, thanking the other person profusely in three sentences.
Gerbang logika dasar nand ,nor ,ex or ,ex - nor 1Mila Art
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang gerbang logika dasar seperti NAND, NOR, EX-OR, dan EX-NOR, yang masing-masing merupakan kombinasi dari gerbang logika AND, OR, dan NOT.
1. Mohammad Ashfaque is seeking senior level assignments in project management or construction supervision with a reputable organization. He has nearly 29 years of cross-cultural experience in these fields.
2. His core competencies include project management, contracts administration and management, site supervision and construction management, and techno-commercial operations.
3. Currently he is the Project Manager for Aftab Constructions in Mumbai, India overseeing the construction of two building projects with a total built up area of over 178,000 square feet and total costs of over 337 crore Indian rupees.
This document summarizes key aspects of quality management and software engineering based on a textbook. It discusses definitions of software quality, types of quality (design and conformance), the costs of quality, software quality assurance techniques like reviews and inspections, roles of a software quality assurance group, metrics for reviews, standards like ISO 9001, change management, software configuration management, and baselines.
Umbrella activities in software development include software project management, formal technical reviews, software quality assurance, software configuration management, reusability management, risk management, measurement and metrics, and document preparation and production. These activities ensure the software is delivered on time and on budget according to requirements, quality is maintained, changes are managed, existing components are reused, risks are assessed and mitigated, metrics are collected to influence plans, and documentation is produced.
This document discusses various concepts related to software quality management including quality, quality control, quality assurance, cost of quality, software quality assurance, statistical software quality assurance (SQA), quality evaluation standards like Six Sigma and ISO 9000 for software, Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), and McCall's quality factors. It provides definitions and explanations of these concepts as well as activities involved in SQA like preparing an SQA plan and auditing software work products.
Software testing involves several key activities: (1) defining test plans and cases to evaluate software attributes and capabilities, (2) executing tests to uncover errors manually or automatically, and (3) analyzing and reporting test results. The objectives of testing include finding errors, validating requirements are met, and ensuring quality. Testers, engineers, and quality assurance groups all perform various testing roles and activities throughout the software development lifecycle. Effective testing requires independence, planning, and understanding that complete testing is impossible due to risks and limitations of time and resources.
Software testing involves evaluating a system or program to determine if it meets its requirements and to identify any errors. There are many definitions of software testing but generally it involves executing a program and attempting to find bugs or errors. The objectives of testing are to uncover as many errors as possible, demonstrate the software matches requirements, and validate quality with minimal cost and effort. Testing activities include planning tests, designing and specifying test cases, setting up the environment, executing tests, analyzing results, and managing the testing process. Verification ensures the software is built correctly while validation ensures the right product is being built. Complete testing is impossible so testing is risk-based and must be planned with independence from the developers.
The document discusses software testing fundamentals and principles. It defines software testing as evaluating a product to determine if it contains any defects and satisfies requirements. Testing is important to prevent errors and ensure quality, security, efficiency and flexibility. The key goals of testing are to find defects, verify that specifications are properly implemented, and ensure customer expectations are met.
Software metrics are quantitative measures used to characterize aspects of software, like size, quality, and complexity. They are used for estimating costs and schedules, controlling projects, predicting quality, providing management information, and process improvement. There are three main categories of metrics: product metrics measure attributes of the software itself like size and reliability; process metrics assess the effectiveness of development processes; and project metrics help managers track project status, risks, and quality. Key roles of metrics include monitoring requirements, predicting resource needs, tracking processes, understanding maintenance costs, and improving software through measurement.
SE - Lecture 7 - Software Quality Reliability Mgmt - in lecture.pptxTangZhiSiang
This document discusses key concepts related to software quality including software quality assurance, software quality planning, software quality control, and software quality metrics. It defines software quality as having desirable attributes and approaches it through defect management and quality attributes. It explains that software quality management ensures the required level of product quality is achieved through procedures, standards, and quality data collection. Specifically, it outlines that software quality assurance is a monitoring process used throughout development to facilitate quality, software quality planning creates project-level quality plans, and software quality control ensures procedures are followed by development teams.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines software as computer programs, procedures, and documentation related to operating a computer system. Software quality is defined as meeting requirements and user needs/expectations. Quality factors include correctness, reliability, efficiency, integrity, usability, maintainability, flexibility, testability, portability, reusability, and interoperability. Software quality assurance is a planned set of actions to provide confidence that software development/maintenance conforms to requirements and schedules/budgets. The objectives of SQA are to assure acceptable confidence in conforming to functional/managerial requirements during development and maintenance. Three principles of QA are to know what is being done, know what should be done, and know how to
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and defines key terms related to quality. It describes SQA as encompassing quality management, software engineering processes, formal reviews, testing strategies, documentation control, and compliance with standards. Specific SQA activities mentioned include developing an SQA plan, participating in process development, auditing work products, and ensuring deviations are addressed. The document also discusses software reviews, inspections, reliability, and the reliability specification process.
Software Engineering (Metrics for Process and Projects)ShudipPal
The document discusses software process measurement and metrics. Some key points:
1. Measurement is fundamental to software engineering as it allows processes to be evaluated and improved continuously. Metrics can be used for estimation, quality control, productivity assessment, and project control.
2. Process metrics are collected across projects over long periods to provide indicators for long-term process improvements. Project metrics enable managers to assess status, track risks, and adjust tasks.
3. Guidelines for metrics include using common sense, providing feedback, not evaluating individuals, setting clear goals, and not threatening teams. Metrics should indicate problem areas for improvement, not be considered negative.
Software testing involves verifying that software meets requirements and works as intended. There are various testing types including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing. Testing methodologies include black box testing without viewing code and white box testing using internal knowledge. The goal is to find bugs early and ensure software reliability.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines software quality and quality assurance. The three general principles of quality assurance are knowing what you are doing, knowing what you should be doing, and knowing how to measure the difference. Quality assurance techniques include formal methods, testing, inspection, and metrics. These techniques are applied through a software process and the different phases of the software development lifecycle, including requirements, design, implementation, and testing. Verification ensures the product is being built correctly while validation ensures the right product is being built.
Software quality assurance (SQA) encompasses an SQA process, quality assurance tasks, effective software engineering practices, control of work products and changes, compliance with standards, and measurement and reporting. SQA includes ten key elements: standards, reviews and audits, testing, error analysis, change management, education, vendor management, security management, safety, and risk management. The goals of SQA are to ensure requirements, design, code and testing quality. SQA uses metrics to measure attributes that indicate quality. Statistical SQA involves collecting defect data, tracing defects to causes, isolating major causes, and correcting problems. Six Sigma methodology applies statistical methods like DMAIC to SQA. SQA planning develops quality plans and
This document provides an overview of key topics in software quality assurance including the cost of quality, definitions, the purpose and contents of an SQA plan. The SQA plan aims to ensure the desired quality of software products and development processes. It describes procedures, standards, reviews, problem reporting and resolution processes, configuration management, and other quality control methods. Maintaining thorough documentation, tracking issues, and ensuring supplier quality are important aspects covered in an SQA plan.
The document discusses quality management in software development. It describes the three main components of quality management as quality assurance, quality control, and quality improvement. Quality assurance focuses on establishing processes to ensure quality, while quality control examines outputs to ensure they meet requirements. The software development lifecycle involves requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance phases to develop quality software. Different testing methods like black box, white box, and grey box testing are used during the testing phase.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines software quality and describes two types - quality of design and quality of conformance. It discusses quality concepts at the organizational, project, and process levels. It also describes software reviews, their types and purposes. Software quality assurance aims to establish organizational procedures and standards to achieve high quality software. Key SQA activities include applying technical methods, reviews, testing, enforcing standards and measurement.
This document provides an overview of quality assurance frameworks for software development. It discusses key concepts like quality, software quality assurance, and its components including software testing, quality control, and software configuration management. It also describes a software quality assurance plan and quality standards like ISO9000, CMM, PCMM, and CMMI. The document is presented by Ketan Mehta from Heritage Institute of Technology in Kolkata and covers an agenda including definitions of quality and SQA, their components, SQA plans, and quality standards.
Software Testing and Quality Assurance Assignment 3Gurpreet singh
Short questions :
Que 1 : Define Software Testing.
Que 2 : What is risk identification ?
Que 3 : What is SCM ?
Que 4 : Define Debugging.
Que 5 : Explain Configuration audit.
Que 6 : Differentiate between white box testing & black box testing.
Que 7 : What do you mean by metrics ?
Que 8 : What do you mean by version control ?
Que 9 : Explain Object Oriented Software Engineering.
Que 10 : What are the advantages and disadvantages of manual testing tools ?
Long Questions:
Que 1 : What do you mean by baselines ? Explain their importance.
Que 2 : What do you mean by change control ? Explain the various steps in detail.
Que 3 : Explain various types of testing in detail.
Que 4 : Differentiate between automated testing and manual testing.
Que 5 : What is web engineering ? Explain in detail its model and features.
2. Project Planning
Jerry Gao, Ph.D. Jan. 1999
- Quality Concepts
- Quality
- Quality Control
- Quality Assurance
- Cost of Quality
- Software Quality Assurance
- Software Reviews
- Formal Technical Reviews
- The Review Meeting
- Review Reporting and Record Keeping
- Review Guidelines
- Formal Approaches to SQA
- Statistical Quality Assurance
- Software Reliability
- The SQA Plan
3. Quality Concepts
Software quality assurance is an umbrella activity that is applied throughout
the software process.
SQA encompasses:
(1) a quality management approach
(2) effective software engineering technology
(3) formal technical reviews
(4) a multi-tiered testing strategy
(5) document change control
(6) software development standard and its control procedure
(7) measurement and reporting mechanism
Quality --> refers to measurable characteristics of a software.
These items can be compared based on a given standard
Two types of quality control:
- Quality design -> the characteristics that designers specify for an item.
--> includes: requirements, specifications, and the design of the system.
- Quality of conformance -> the degree to which the design specification are
followed. It focuses on implementation based on the design.
4. Quality Control
What is quality control -- the series of inspections, reviews, and test used
throughout the develop cycle of a software product
Quality control includes a feedback loop to the process.
Objective ---> minimize the produced defects, increase the product quality
Implementation approaches:
- Fully automated
- Entirely manual
- Combination of automated tools and human interactions
Key concept of quality control:
--> compare the work products with the specified and
measurable standards
Quality assurance consists of:
- the auditing and reporting function of management
Goal --> provide management with the necessary data about product quality.
--> gain the insight and confidence of product quality
5. Cost of Quality
Cost of quality --> includes all costs incurred in the pursuit of quality
or perform quality related work
Quality cost includes:
- prevention cost:
- quality planning
- formal technical reviews
- testing equipment
- training
- appraisal cost:
- in-process and inter-process inspection
- equipment calibration and maintenance
- testing
- failure cost:
internal failure cost:
- rework, repair, and failure mode analysis
external failure cost:
- complaint resolution
- product return and replacement
- help line support
- warranty work
6. Software Quality Assurance
Goal: to achieve high-quality software product
Quality definition:
“Conformance to explicitly stated functional and performance
requirements, explicitly documented development standards,
and implicit characteristics that expected of al professional
developed software.”
Three import points for quality measurement:
- Use requirements as the foundation
- Use specified standards as the criteria
- Considering implicit requirements
About quality assurance:
- The first formal quality assurance and control function was
introduced at Bell Labs in 1916 in the manufacturing world.
- During the 1950s and 1960s, the programmers controls their product quality.
- During the 1970s, quality assurance standards were introduced first in
military contract software development.
- In 1987, the extending definition is given in [SCH87].
7. SQA Group
Who involves quality assurance activities?
Software engineers, project managers, customers, sale people, SQA group
Engineers involved the quality assurance work:
- apply technical methods and measures
- conduct formal technical review
- perform well-planned software testing
The SQA group’s role -> serves as the customer’s in-house representative
assist the software engineering team in achieving high-quality
The SQA group’s responsibility:
- quality assurance planning oversight, record keeping, analysis and reporting
The SQA group’s tasks:
- Prepare a SQA plan for a project
- Participate in the development of the project’s software process description
- Review engineering activities to verify compliance with the defined process
- Audits designated software work products to verify compliance the defined process
- Ensure the deviations in software work and products according to a documented procedure
- Records any noncompliance and reports to senior management
8. Software Reviews
What is software reviews?
- a “filter” for the software engineering process.
Purpose: serves to uncover errors in analysis, design, coding, and testing.
Why software reviews?
- To err is human
- Easy to catch the errors in engineers’ work
A review --> a way to
- identify the needed improvements of the parts in a product
- confirm the improvement parts of a product.
- achieve technical work of more uniform, predicable, and manageable.
Different types of reviews:
- Informal reviews:
informal meeting and informal desk checking
- Formal reviews: (design to an audience of customers, management, and staff)
Walkthrough, inspection, and round-robin reviews
The terms “defect” and “fault” are synonymous
--> quality problems found after software release
Software “error” refers to a quality problem found b y engineers before software release
9. Formal Technical Reviews (FTR)
Objectives of FTR:
- to uncover errors in function, logic, or implementation
- to verify the software under review meets its requirements
- to ensure that the software has been represented according to predefined standards
- to develop software in a uniform manner
- to make projects more manageable
Purposes of FTR:
- serves as a training ground for junior engineers
- promote backup and continuity
Review meeting’s constraints:
- 3-5 people involved in a review
- advanced preparation (no more than 2 hours for each person)
- the duration of the review meeting should be less than 2 hours
- focus on a specific part of a software product
People involved in a review meeting:
- producer, review leader, 2 or 3 reviewers (one of them is recorder)
10. Formal Technical Review Meeting
The preparation of a review meeting:
- a meeting agenda and schedule (by review leader)
- review material and distribution (by the producer)
- review in advance (by reviewers)
Review meeting results:
- a review issues list
- a simple review summary report (called meeting minutes)
- meeting decisions:
- accept the work product w/o further modification
- reject the work product due to errors
- accept the work under conditions (such as change and review)
- sign-off sheet
Review summary report (a project historical record) answers the following questions:
- what was reviewed?
- who reviewed it?
- what were the findings and conclusions
Review issues list serves two purposes:
- to identify problem areas in the project
- to serve as an action item checklist (a follow-up procedure is needed)
11. Review Guidelines (for FTR)
A minimum set of guidelines for FTR:
- Review the product, not the producer
- Set an agenda and maintain it
- Limit debate and rebuttal
- Enunciate problem areas, but don’t attempt to solve every problem noted
- Take written notes
- Limit the number of participants and insist upon advance preparation
- Develop a checklist for each work product that is likely to be reviewed
- Allocate resources and time schedule for FTRs
- Conduct meaningful training for all reviewers
- Review your early reviews
12. Statistical Quality Assurance
Statistical quality assurance reflects a growing trend throughout industry to become more
quantitative about quality.
Statistical quality assurance implies the following steps:
- Information about software defects is collected and categorized
- An attempt is made to trace each defect to its underlying cause
- Using the Pareto principle (80 percent of the defects can be traced to 20 percent,
and isolate the 20 percent)
- Once the vital few causes have been identified, correct the defects.
Causes of errors:
- incomplete or erroneous specification (IES)
- misinterpretation of customer communication (MCC)
- intentional deviation from specification (IDS)
- violation of programming standards (VPS)
- error in data representation (EDR)
- inconsistent module interface (IMI)
- error in design logic (EDL)
- incomplete or erroneous testing (IET)
- inaccurate or incomplete documentation (IID)
- error in programming language translation of design (PLT)
- ambiguous or inconsistent human-computer interface (HCI)
- miscellaneous (MIS)
13. Statistical Quality Assurance
In conjunction with the collection of defect information, software developers can calculate an
error index (EI) for each major step in the software engineering process.
After analysis, design, coding, testing, and release, the following data are collected:
Ei = the total no. of errors uncovered during the ith step in the process.
Si = the no. of serious errors
Mi = the no. of moderate errors
Ti = the no. of minor errors
PS = the size of the product at the ith step.
At each step in the software engineering process, a phase index (PI i ) is computed:
PI i = ws (Si/Ei) + wm(Mi/Ei) + wt(Ti/Ei)
Error index (EI) can be computed as follows:
EI = (PI 1 + 2 PI 2 + 3 PI 3 + iPI I)/PS
14. The SQA Plan
The SQA plan provides a road map for instituting software quality assurance.
Figure 8.5 presents an outline for SQA plans by IEEE [IEEE94].
Basic items:
- purpose of plan and its scope
- management
- organization structure, SQA tasks, their placement in the process
- roles and responsibilities related to product quality
- documentation
- project documents, models, technical documents, user documents.
- standards, practices, and conventions
- reviews and audits
- test - test plan and procedure
- problem reporting, and correction actions
- tools
- code control
- media control
- supplier control
- records collection, maintenance, and retention
- training
- risk management