International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER ON BROKEN ARC ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS ON THE ABSORBER PLATE...IAEME Publication
Performance of solar air heater can be enhanced by adding roughness to the inner periphery. The present study on the effect of various shape parameters for broken arc roughness elements of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of rectangular duct. The duct has Reynolds number (Re) range of 3000-22300, respective roughness height (e/D) values is 0.045, arc angle (α) is 60˚ and roughness width (W/w) is 5 and relatively roughness pitch is 8.
Design and Analysis of Fin-X Technology Nitish Sharma
This document is all about Analysis on Fin-X Technology. Dr. Thomas Povey, an scientist working in Oxford University implemented this idea in Cookwares.
Performance Evaluation of Plate-Fin-And Tube Heat Exchanger with Wavy Fins- A...IJERA Editor
The plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in variety of industrial applications, particularly in the heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration, HVAC industries. In most cases the working fluid is liquid on the tube side exchanging heat with a gas, usually air. It is seen that the performance of heat exchangers can be greatly increased with the use of unconventionally shaped flow passages such as plain, perforated offset strip, louvered, wavy, vortex generator and pin. The current study is focused on wavy-fin. The wavy surface can lengthen the path of airflow and cause better airflow mixing. In order to design better heat exchangers and come up with efficient designs, a thorough understanding of the flow of air in these channels is required. Hence this study focuses on the heat transfer and friction characteristics of the air side for wavy fin and tube heat exchanger.
Assessment of thermo-hydraulic performance of inward dimpled tubes with varia...CFD LAB
This paper presents a numerical investigation and assessment of thermal and hydraulic performance of dimpled
tubes of varying topologies at constant heat flux of 10 kW m2 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 2300 to
15,000. The performance of the tubes consisting of conical, spherical and ellipsoidal dimples with equivalent
flow volumes were compared using steady state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations. The ellipsoidal
dimples, in comparison to other dimple shapes, demonstrated large increment in heat transfer rate. The variation
in the orientation of the ellipsoidal dimples was examined to further improve thermal and hydraulic performances of the tube. A 45° inclination angle of ellipsoidal dimple, from its major axis, increased the thermohydraulic performance by 58.1% and 20.2% in comparison to smooth tube and 0° ellipsoidal dimpled tube,
respectively. Furthermore, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out to investigate the role geometrical
assistance to fluid flow and heat transfer enhancement for the 45° and 90° ellipsoidal dimpled tubes. LES results
revealed a flow channel of connected zones of wakes which maximized fluid-surface contact and therefore
enhanced the thermal performance of the tube. In addition, correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor
for all angular topologies of ellipsoidal dimpled tube have been proposed.
STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER ON BROKEN ARC ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS ON THE ABSORBER PLATE...IAEME Publication
Performance of solar air heater can be enhanced by adding roughness to the inner periphery. The present study on the effect of various shape parameters for broken arc roughness elements of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of rectangular duct. The duct has Reynolds number (Re) range of 3000-22300, respective roughness height (e/D) values is 0.045, arc angle (α) is 60˚ and roughness width (W/w) is 5 and relatively roughness pitch is 8.
Design and Analysis of Fin-X Technology Nitish Sharma
This document is all about Analysis on Fin-X Technology. Dr. Thomas Povey, an scientist working in Oxford University implemented this idea in Cookwares.
Performance Evaluation of Plate-Fin-And Tube Heat Exchanger with Wavy Fins- A...IJERA Editor
The plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in variety of industrial applications, particularly in the heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration, HVAC industries. In most cases the working fluid is liquid on the tube side exchanging heat with a gas, usually air. It is seen that the performance of heat exchangers can be greatly increased with the use of unconventionally shaped flow passages such as plain, perforated offset strip, louvered, wavy, vortex generator and pin. The current study is focused on wavy-fin. The wavy surface can lengthen the path of airflow and cause better airflow mixing. In order to design better heat exchangers and come up with efficient designs, a thorough understanding of the flow of air in these channels is required. Hence this study focuses on the heat transfer and friction characteristics of the air side for wavy fin and tube heat exchanger.
Assessment of thermo-hydraulic performance of inward dimpled tubes with varia...CFD LAB
This paper presents a numerical investigation and assessment of thermal and hydraulic performance of dimpled
tubes of varying topologies at constant heat flux of 10 kW m2 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 2300 to
15,000. The performance of the tubes consisting of conical, spherical and ellipsoidal dimples with equivalent
flow volumes were compared using steady state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations. The ellipsoidal
dimples, in comparison to other dimple shapes, demonstrated large increment in heat transfer rate. The variation
in the orientation of the ellipsoidal dimples was examined to further improve thermal and hydraulic performances of the tube. A 45° inclination angle of ellipsoidal dimple, from its major axis, increased the thermohydraulic performance by 58.1% and 20.2% in comparison to smooth tube and 0° ellipsoidal dimpled tube,
respectively. Furthermore, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out to investigate the role geometrical
assistance to fluid flow and heat transfer enhancement for the 45° and 90° ellipsoidal dimpled tubes. LES results
revealed a flow channel of connected zones of wakes which maximized fluid-surface contact and therefore
enhanced the thermal performance of the tube. In addition, correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor
for all angular topologies of ellipsoidal dimpled tube have been proposed.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
“International Journal on Emerging Technologies” (ISSN NO. Online: 2249-3255) a peer-reviewed and free open access journal, aims to provide the complete and reliable source of information on current developments in the fields of all sciences. The emphasis will be on publishing quality articles rapidly and openly available to researchers worldwide. Manuscripts submitted to “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” must be original work that has not been published or under consideration for publication elsewhere. All submissions must be written in English. Manuscripts should be typed double space on A4 size paper using font size 12 and preferably not more than 30 pages in length inclusive of tables, figures and illustrations. All submissions will be peer reviewed. The scope of “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” covers all aspects of Electrical, Electronics, Computer IT, Instrumentation, Mechanical, Civil engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Environmental Sciences and Agriculture Sciences, “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” is biannual journal. Papers solicited for “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” can be in the form of survey/tutorial, regular papers, brief papers, case studied and technical correspondence. This journal provides a national and international forum for rapid publication of work describing theoretical as well as practical aspects.
An Experimental Research on Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Circular Tube with...IRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- In the literature, internal tube baffles are widely studied. There is a lack of data for baffles mounted on outside of the tubes. This study aims to fill this gap. Therefore, the effect of baffle inclination angles on heat transfer improvement has been studied experimentally. The experiments were carried out for forced convection of air on a circular tube with inclined baffles. Air has been used as the cold fluid. Experimental results for eight different velocities of air flow (2 – 20 m/s) are presented. Pitch between baffles is 12 mm.The baffle inclination angles with respect to the tube axis were 45º, 60º and 80º. Water temperature is fixed as 65 °C. According to the experimental results, the baffles with an inclination angle of 45º enhance the heat transfer over 60º and 80º around 13.7 % and 10.5 %, respectively. However, pressure drop values for 45º and 60º are 18 % higher than pressure drop values for 80º. The empirical correlations of the Nusselt number have also been obtained for each angle.
Numerical Predictions of Enhanced Impingement Jet Cooling with Ribs and Pins ...AZOJETE UNIMAID
Numerical calculations relevant to gas turbine internal wall heat transfer cooling were conducted using conjugate heat transfer (CHT) computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial codes. The CHT CFD predictions were carried out for impingement heat transfer with different types of obstacle walls (fins) on the target surfaces. A 10 × 10 row of impingement air jet holes (or hole density n of 4306 m-2) was used, which gives ten rows of holes in the cross-flow direction and only one heat transfer enhancement obstacle per impingement jet was investigated. Previously, four different shaped obstacles were investigated experimentally and were used to validate the present predictions. The obstacle walls, which were equally spaced on the centreline between each impingement jet are of the co-flow and cross-flow configurations. The impingement jet pitch X to diameter D, X/D and gap Z to diameter, Z/D ratios were kept constant at 4.66 and 3.06 for X, Z and D of 15.24, 10.00 and 3.27 mm, respectively. The obstacles investigated were ribs and rectangular pin-fins shapes, using two obstacles height H to diameter, H/D ratio of 1.38 and 2.45. Computations were carried out for three different mass flux G of 1.08, 1.48 and 1.94 kg/sm2. Relative pressure loss ∆P/P and surface average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) h predictions for the range of G, showed good agreement with the experimental results. The prediction also reveals that obstacles not only increases the turbulent flows, but also takes away most of the cooling heat transfer that produces the regions with highest thermal gradients. It also reduces the impingement gap downstream cross-flow.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
“International Journal on Emerging Technologies” (ISSN NO. Online: 2249-3255) a peer-reviewed and free open access journal, aims to provide the complete and reliable source of information on current developments in the fields of all sciences. The emphasis will be on publishing quality articles rapidly and openly available to researchers worldwide. Manuscripts submitted to “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” must be original work that has not been published or under consideration for publication elsewhere. All submissions must be written in English. Manuscripts should be typed double space on A4 size paper using font size 12 and preferably not more than 30 pages in length inclusive of tables, figures and illustrations. All submissions will be peer reviewed. The scope of “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” covers all aspects of Electrical, Electronics, Computer IT, Instrumentation, Mechanical, Civil engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Environmental Sciences and Agriculture Sciences, “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” is biannual journal. Papers solicited for “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” can be in the form of survey/tutorial, regular papers, brief papers, case studied and technical correspondence. This journal provides a national and international forum for rapid publication of work describing theoretical as well as practical aspects.
An Experimental Research on Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Circular Tube with...IRJESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- In the literature, internal tube baffles are widely studied. There is a lack of data for baffles mounted on outside of the tubes. This study aims to fill this gap. Therefore, the effect of baffle inclination angles on heat transfer improvement has been studied experimentally. The experiments were carried out for forced convection of air on a circular tube with inclined baffles. Air has been used as the cold fluid. Experimental results for eight different velocities of air flow (2 – 20 m/s) are presented. Pitch between baffles is 12 mm.The baffle inclination angles with respect to the tube axis were 45º, 60º and 80º. Water temperature is fixed as 65 °C. According to the experimental results, the baffles with an inclination angle of 45º enhance the heat transfer over 60º and 80º around 13.7 % and 10.5 %, respectively. However, pressure drop values for 45º and 60º are 18 % higher than pressure drop values for 80º. The empirical correlations of the Nusselt number have also been obtained for each angle.
Numerical Predictions of Enhanced Impingement Jet Cooling with Ribs and Pins ...AZOJETE UNIMAID
Numerical calculations relevant to gas turbine internal wall heat transfer cooling were conducted using conjugate heat transfer (CHT) computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial codes. The CHT CFD predictions were carried out for impingement heat transfer with different types of obstacle walls (fins) on the target surfaces. A 10 × 10 row of impingement air jet holes (or hole density n of 4306 m-2) was used, which gives ten rows of holes in the cross-flow direction and only one heat transfer enhancement obstacle per impingement jet was investigated. Previously, four different shaped obstacles were investigated experimentally and were used to validate the present predictions. The obstacle walls, which were equally spaced on the centreline between each impingement jet are of the co-flow and cross-flow configurations. The impingement jet pitch X to diameter D, X/D and gap Z to diameter, Z/D ratios were kept constant at 4.66 and 3.06 for X, Z and D of 15.24, 10.00 and 3.27 mm, respectively. The obstacles investigated were ribs and rectangular pin-fins shapes, using two obstacles height H to diameter, H/D ratio of 1.38 and 2.45. Computations were carried out for three different mass flux G of 1.08, 1.48 and 1.94 kg/sm2. Relative pressure loss ∆P/P and surface average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) h predictions for the range of G, showed good agreement with the experimental results. The prediction also reveals that obstacles not only increases the turbulent flows, but also takes away most of the cooling heat transfer that produces the regions with highest thermal gradients. It also reduces the impingement gap downstream cross-flow.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Using Triangula...IJERA Editor
Solar heat has been thrust area of research to explore renewable energy utilisation for the past few decades. In
solar air heaters artificial roughness is tried on the surface of the absorber plate by adding small roughness
elements to enhance the heat transfer rate. In the present work triangular protrusion are provided to act as
roughness elements over the surface of the aluminum absorber plate. The experimental study is carried out on
the effect of change in apex angle of protrusions on the heat transfer rate by keeping the other design parameters
unchanged. Maximum heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance between the range of apex angle 300
and 600 is studied. The Nusselt number is between 50 and 110, friction factor 4.5-6.7x10-3, Stanton number is 6-
14x10-3. The heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance are observed to be maximum for 450 apex
angle and least for the 600 plate.
Effect of artificial roughness on Thermal and Thermohydraulic efficiency in R...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION IN A PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER: A REVIEWIAEME Publication
The improvement of the performance of heat exchangers with gas as the working fluid becomes particularly important due to the high thermal resistance offered by gases in general. In order to compensate for the poor heat transfer properties of gases, the surface area density of plate heat exchangers can be increased by making use of the secondary fins such as, off-set fins, triangular fins, wavy fins, louvered fins etc. In addition, a promising technique for the enhancement of heat transfer is the use of longitudinal vortex generators. The longitudinal vortices are produced due to the pressure difference generated between the front and back surface of the vortex generator.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Analysis Of Heat Transfer From Square Perforated Fins In Stagger...IJERA Editor
This project gives the experimental analysis of heat transfer over a flat surface equipped with Square perforated
pin fins in staggered arrangement in a rectangular channel. The Fin dimensions are 100mm in height & 25mm in
width. The range of Reynolds number is fixed & about 13,500– 42,000, the clearance ratio (C/H) 0, 0.33 and 1,
the inter-fin spacing ratio (Sy /D) 1.208, 1.524, 1.944 and 3.417. Sy i.e. stream wise distance is varies and Sx i.e.
span wise distance is constant. The friction factor, enhancement efficiency and heat transfer correlate in
equations with each other. Here we are comparing Square pin fins with cylindrical pin fins. Staggered
arrangement and perforation will enhance the heat transfer rate. Clearance ratio and inter-fin spacing ratio affect
on Enhancement efficiency. Both lower clearance ratio and lower inter-fin spacing ratio and comparatively lower
Reynolds number give higher thermal performance. Friction factor & Nusselt number are Key parameter which
relates with efficiency enhancement and heat transfer rate.
Performance evaluations of two pass solar air heater using 60â° inclinedv-sh...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Improved Thermal Performance of Solar Air Heater Using V-Rib with Symmetrical...IJERA Editor
The most efficient technique to increase the performance of solar air heater is to enhance the heat transfer by using artificial roughness in form of repeatedly used ribs on the absorbing heated absorber plate. In order to analyse the thermal performance and flow pattern of rectangular duct with aspect ratio (W/H) of 8, the present experimental investigation is performed with V-rib with Symmetrical Gap and Staggered Rib. The experiment has covered a Reynolds number (Re) range of 3000-14000, rib height 2 mm, pitch (P) 24mm, relative roughness pitch (P/e) of 12, gap width (g) 8mm, relative gap width (g/e) as 4 and angle of attack (α) 60o , number of gaps on each sides of V-rib (Ng) 3, relative roughness height (e/Dh) 0.045, staggered rib pitch (P’) 15.6mm, relative staggered rib pitch (P’/P) 0.65, staggered rib size (w) 20mm and relative staggered rib size (w/g) 2.5. Results have been compared with the smooth plate under similar flow condition to determine the enhancement in heat transfer and improvement in efficiency. Relative staggered rib pitch was kept at 0.65 and staggered rib size was kept as 2.5 times gap width.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
1. Manash Dey et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.88-95
www.ijera.com 88 | P a g e
Effect of Artificial Roughness on Solar Air Heater: An
Experimental Investigation
Manash Dey1
, Devendra Singh Dandotiya2.
M.Tech,FinalSem (Design of Thermal System) 1.
, Asst.Prof2.
Shri Ram College of Engineering & Management, Gwalior
ABSTRACT:
It is well known, that, the heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and working fluid of solar air
heater is low. It is attributed to the formation of a very thin boundary layer at the absorber plate surface
commonly known as viscous sub-layer The heat transfer coefficient of a solar air heater duct can be increased
by providing artificial roughness on the heated wall (i.e. the absorber plate) The use of artificial roughness on
the underside of the absorber plate disturbs the viscous sub-layer of the flowing medium. It is well known that in
a turbulent flow a sub-layer exists in the flow in addition to the turbulent core. The purpose of the artificial
roughness is to make the flow turbulent adjacent to the wall in the sub-layer region. Experiments were
performed to collect heat transfer and friction data for forced convection flow of air in solar air heater
rectangular duct with one broad wall roughened by discrete v –groove & v- shape ribs. The range of parameters
used in this experiment has been decided on the basis of practical considerations of the system and operating
conditions. The range of Reynolds number of 3000-14000, Relative Roughness Height ( eh/D ) of height 0.030
to 0.035, Rib angle of attack 600
, heat flux 720 W/m2
and pitch of relative roughness pitch 10 the Result has
been compared with smooth duct under similar flow and boundary condition It is found from the investigation
that on increasing the roughness of a roughened plate the friction factor andheat transfer performance of solar air
heater increase and the rate of increase of heat transfer performance of solar air heater get reduced as the
roughness of plate increases.
Keywords:-Solar Air Heater, Duct, Absorber Plate, ArtificialRoughness, Reynolds Number,
I. Introduction
Solar air heaters, because of their inherent
simplicity, are cheap and most widely used as
collection device. The thermal efficiency of solar air
heaters has been found to be generally poor because of
their inherently low heat transfer capability between
the absorber plate and air flowing in the duct. In order
to make the solar air heaters economically viable, their
thermal efficiency needs to be improved by enhancing
the heat transfer coefficient. In order to attain higher
heat transfer coefficient, the laminar sub-layer formed
in the vicinity of the absorber plate is broken and the
flow at the heat-transferring surface is made turbulent
by introducing artificial roughness on the surface.
Various investigators have studied different types of
roughness geometries and their arrangements.
A conventional solar air heater generally
consists of an absorber plate with a parallel plate below
forming a passage of high aspect ratio through which
the air to be heated flows. As in the case of the liquid
flat-plate collector, a transparent cover system is
provided above the absorber plate, while a sheet metal
container filled with insulation is 'provided on the
bottom and sides. The arrangement is sketched in fig.
1.1 Two other arrangement, which are not so common
are also shown in fig 1.1 In the arrangement shown in
fig 1.1, the air flows between the cover and absorber
plate; as well as through the passage below the
absorber plate.
However, the value of the heat transfer
coefficient between the absorber plate and air is low
and this result in lower efficiency. For this reason, the
surfaces are sometimes roughened or longitudinal fins
are provided in the airflow passage. A roughness
element has been used to improve the heat transfer
coefficient by creating turbulence in the flow.
However, it would also result in increase in friction
losses and hence greater power requirements for
pumping air through the duct. In order to keep the
friction losses at a low level, the turbulence must be
created only in the region very close to the duct
surface, i.e. in laminar sub layer.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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Fig-1Various flow arrangements in solar air heater
1.1Basic Equation for Solar Air Heater:
The useful heat gain of the air is calculated as:
Where,
m’ is mass flow rate of air through the test duct
(kg/sec)
Cp is specific heat of air
Tfo is fluid temperature at exit of test duct
Tfi is fluid temperature at inlet of test duct
The heat transfer coefficient for the test section is:
where,
Tpm is the average value of the heater surface
temperatures,
Tfmis the average air temperature in the duct = (Tfi +
Tfo)/2
The Nusselt number:
Dh is hydraulic mean diameter of test duct
h is convective heat transfer coefficient
K air is thermal conductivity of air
The friction factor was determined from the measured
values of pressure drop across the test length:
ΔP is pressure drop in the test duct
ρ is density of air
L is test duct length
V air is average velocity of air
Thermal Performance (overall enhancement ratio)
(Nur/Nus)/ (fr/fs) 1/3
1.2 Mean Air & Plate Temperature
Tile mean air temperature or average flow
temperature flow is the simple arithmetic mean of the
measure values at the inlet and exit of the test section.
Thus
Tfav = (ti + toav) /2
The mean plate temperature, tpav is the
weighted average of the reading of 6 points located on
the absorber plate.
1.3 Pressure Drop Calculation
Pressure drop measurement across the orifice
plate by using the following relationship:
Po = h x 9.81 x 1
Where, Po = Pressure diff.
m = Density of the fluid
(kerosene) i.e. 0.8x103
h = Difference of liquid head in
U-tube manometer, m
1.4 Mass Flow Measurement
Mass flow rate of air has been determined
from pressure drop measurement across the orifice
plate by using the following relationship:
m = Cd x A0 x [2 P0 / (1 - 4
)]0.5
Where
m = Mass flow rate, kg / sec.
Cd = Coefficient of discharge of orifice i.e. 0.62
A0 = Area of orifice plate, m2
= Density of air in Kg/m3
= Ratio of dia. (do / dp) i.e. 26.5/53 = 0.5
1.5 Velocity Measurement:
Where,
m = Mass flow rate, kg / sec
3
H = Height of the duct in m
W = Width of the duct, m
1.6 Reynolds Number
The Reynolds number for flow of air in the
duct is calculated from:
Re
Where,
of air at tfav in m2
/sec
Dh = 4WH / 2 (W+H) =0.04444
1.7 Heat Transfer Coefficient
Heat transfer rate, Qa to the air is given by:
Qa = m cp (to – ti)
The heat transfer coefficient for the heated test
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section has been calculated from:
h = Qa / Ap (tpav - tfav)
Ap is the heat transfer area assumed to be the
corresponding smooth plate area.
1.8 Nusselt Number
Tile Heat Transfer Coefficient has been used
to determine the Nusselt number defined as;
Nusselt No. (Nu) = h Dh/ K
Where k is the thermal conductivity of the air
at the mean air temperature and Dh is the hydraulic
diameter based on entire wetted parameter.
1.9 Thermo hydraulic performance
Heat transfer and friction characteristic of the
roughened duct shows that enhancement in heat
transfer is , in general , accompanied with friction
power penalty due to a corresponding increase in the
friction faceted. Therefore it is essential to determine
the geometry that will result in maximum enhancement
in heat transfer with minimum friction penalty. In
order to achieve this object of simultaneous
consideration of thermal as well hydraulic
performance, i.e. thermo hydraulic performance,
hp = (Nu /Nus) / (fr/fs)1/3
A value of this parameter higher then unity ensure the
fruitfulness of using an enhancement device and can be
used to compare the performance of a number of
arrangement to decide the best among these. The value
of this parameter for the roughness geometries are
investigated.
II. OBJECTIVES OF PRESENT
INVESTIGATION
Forced convection heat transfer in smooth and
roughened ducts has been investigated by several
investigators, and a large amount of useful information
is in tile literature. The use of artificial roughness on a
surface is an effective technique to enhance heat
transfer to fluid flowing in the duct.
The application of artificial roughness in the
form of fine wires and staggered inclined ribs of
different shapes has been recommended to enhance the
heat transfer coefficient by several investigators.
Roughness elements have been used to improve the
heat transfer coefficient by creating turbulence in the
flow. However, it would also result in an increase in
friction losses and hence greater power requirements
for pumping air through the duct. In order to keep the
friction losses at a low level, the turbulence must be
created only in the region very close to the duct
surface, i.e. in the laminar sub layer. A number of
investigations have been carried out on the heat
transfer characteristics of channels or pipes with
roughness elements on the surface.
Our objective is to investigate the effect
discrete v & v-groove shaped roughness on the
absorber plate of solar air heater, on the heat transfer
coefficient and friction factor and to compare it with
smooth absorber plate to know the actual increase in
performance of flat plate solar air collector by using
this particular artificial roughness on absorber plate.
The steps to be followed in present experimental
investigation are:
1) Setting of experimental setup for solar air heater.
2) Preparation of artificially roughened plate.
3) Data collection for roughened and smooth absorber
plate.
4) Heat Transfer analysis.
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Fig 2.Schematic diagram showing top view of experimental Setup
Fig 3.Experimental setup
Fig 4.Location of thermocouple in the inlet section, on the absorber plate and in the outlet section
1. Air
inlet section
2. Test
section
3. Air outlet
section
4. Variac 5. Selector
switch
6. Mixing
section7. G.I.
Pipe
8. Orifice
plate
9. Inclined
U-Tube manometer
10. Micro
manometer
11. Flow
control valve
12. Flexible
pipe13.Blower
S
7
8
9
6
1
0
0
1
1
4
1
2
Ai
r
In
1
3
Air
Out
V
A
1 2 3
15
00
3
5
0
1
9
2
206
0
8
3
0
0
5
1
5
0
0
3
5
0
150 2
1
5
2
1
5
2
1
5
2
1
5
2
1
5
2
1
5
2
1
0
1
1
6
8
7 7
7
7
02
.
6
5
.
3
2
.
9
3
.
4
4
.
2
2
.
5
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III. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
The experimental schematic diagram set-up
including the test section consists of an entry section, a
test section, an exit section, a flow meter and a
centrifugal blower. The duct is of size 2042mm x 200
mmX20mm (dimension of inner cross-section) and is
constructed from wooden panels of 25 mm thickness.
The test section is of length 1500mm (33.75 Dh). The
entry and exit lengths were 192 mm (7.2 Dh) and 350
mm (12 Dh), respectively.
A short entrance length (L/Dh=7.2) was
chosen because for a roughened duct the thermally
fully developed flow is established in a short length 2-
3 hydraulic diameter [24]. For the turbulent flow
regime, ASHRAE standard 93-77 [24] recommends
entry and exit length of 5√WH and 2.5√WH,
respectively.
In the exit section after 116 mm, three
equally spaced baffles are provided in a 87 mm length
for the purpose of mixing the hot air coming out of
solar air duct to obtain a uniform temperature of air
(bulk mean temperature) at the outlet.
An electric heater having a size of 1500 mm x
216 mm was fabricated by combining series and
parallel loops of heating. Mica sheet of 1 mm is placed
between the electric heater and absorber plate. This
mica sheet acts as an insulator between the electric
heater and absorber plate (GI plate). The heat flux may
be varied from 0 to 4500 W/m2
by a variac across it.
The outside of the entire set-up, from the
inlet to the orifice plate, is insulated with 25 mm thick
polystyrene foam having a thermal conductivity of
0.037 W/m- K. The heated plate is a 1 mm thick GI
plate with integral rib-roughness formed on its rear
side and this forms the top broad wall of the duct,
while the bottom wall is formed by 1 mm aluminium
plate and 25 mm wood with insulation below it. The
top sides of the entry and exit sections of the duct are
covered with smooth faced 8 mm thick plywood.
The mass flow rate of air is measured by
means of a calibrated orifice meter connected with an
inclined manometer, and the flow is controlled by the
control valves provided in the lines. The orifice plate
has been designed for the flow measurement in the
pipe of inner diameter of 53 mm, as per the
recommendation of Preobrazhensky [25]. The orifice
plate is fitted between the flanges, so aligned that it
remains concentric with the pipe.
OBSERVATION TABLE
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Tile following results have been obtained
from the experiment
S.
No.
Reynolds
no.
(Re)
Inlet
temperatu
re of air
(ti) O
C
Average
outlet
temperatur
e (toav) O
C
Average
air
temperatu
re (tfav) O
C
Average
plate
temperat
ure (tpav)
O
C
Heat
transfer
Q (Watt)
Convectiv
e heat
transfer
coffecient
(h) W/m2
-
o
K
Nusselt
no.
(Nu)
Friction
Factor
(f)
Thermo
hydraulic
performa
nce
1 5387 34.00 46.00 40.00 72.28
136.80
14.12 22.57
0.032 0.5
2 7604 33.50 44.00 38.75 70.48 169.00 17.75 28.37 0.0275 0.69
3 9315 33.00 42.00 37.50 66.00 178.00 20.81 33.23 0.025 0.853
4 10788 33.00 41.00 37.00 63.00 182.00 23.33 37.26 0.023 1.0
5 12051 32.00 39.50 36.00 61.20 191.30 25.26 40.37 0.022 1.1
6 13211 31.50 39.00 35.2 60.00 209.00 27.80 44.40 0.021 1.07
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Fig-Reynolds numbers vsNusselt number
Fig-Reynolds numbers vs friction factor
Fig-Reynolds numbers vsThermo hydraulic performance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5000 10000 15000
nu
re
re vs nu
smooth
v-shap
v-groove
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0 5000 10000 15000
f
Re
re vs f
smooth
v-shap
v-groove
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 5000 10000 15000
Thp
Re
Re vs Thp
smooth
v- shap
v- groove
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V. Result and Discussions
The effect of various flow and roughness
parameters on heat transfer characteristics for flow of
air in rectangular ducts of different relative roughness
height in the present investigation are discussed below.
Results have also been compared with those of smooth
ducts under similar flow and geometrical conditions to
see the enhancement in heat transfer coefficient.
Figure 1 shows the values of Nusselt Number
increases with increases in Reynolds Numbers because
it is nothing but the ratio of conductive resistance to
convective resistance of heat flow and as Reynolds
Number increases thickness of boundary layer
decreases and hence convective resistance decreases
which in turn increase the Nusselt Number.
Figure 2 shows the plots of experimental
values of the friction factor as the function of Reynolds
number for smooth plate and rough surface. It is clear
that Value of friction factor drop proportionally as the
Reynolds number increases due to the suppression of
viscous sub-layer with increase in Reynolds number.
Figure 3 shows as Reynold No. increases
Thermo hydraulic performance
also increases and it is max. for v groove plate and
minimum for smooth plate.
VI. CONCLUSION
The present work was undertaken of with the
objectives of extensive investigation into v shaped ribs
as artificial roughness on the broad wall of solar air
heater Results have been compared with those of a
smooth duct under similar flow condition to determine
heat transfer and friction factor
The following conclusion has been draw from this
investigation
1) In the entire range of Reynolds number, it is found
that the Nusselt Number increases, attains a
maximum value for v groove roughened plate and
increases with increasing roughness geometry.
2) On increasing the roughness on the plate the
friction factor also increase.
3) The value of the friction factor reduces sharply at
low Reynolds Number and then decrease very
slightly in comparison to low Reynolds Number.
The experimental values of the heat transfer of the
v groove Roughness absorber plate has been
compared with smooth plate. The plate having
Roughness geometry v groove, gives the
maximum heat transfer
CALCULATIONS FOR ROUGHENED DUCT
Sample calculations for l = 800 w/m2
, Dh =
0.04444 m, Re = 13211, Rough Plate No 1,
e/Dh = 0.0225
1. Average plate temperature:
Tpav = (Tp1 + Tp2 + Tp3 + p4 + Tp5 + Tp6) / 6
= (54.76 + 55.74 + 58.9 + 60.35 +
55.49 + 55) / 6
= 56.71o
C
2. Average Outlet Air Temperature:
Similarly the average air temperature is
determined as :
Toav = (T01 + T02 + T03 + T04) / 4
= (44.475 + 42.531 + 42.045 + 45.206) / 4
= 43.5360
C.
3. Pressure difference:
P0 h x 9.81 x 0.8
= 36 x 9.81 x13.76
= 2830 N/m2
4. Mass flow rate:
m = Cd x A0 0 / (1 - ᵝ4
)]0.5
= 0.62 x π / 4 (26.5 / 1000)2
x [2 x
1.1 x 2830/ (1-0.54
)]0.5
= 0.0278kg/s
5. Velocity of Air:
V = m / ρWH
= 0.0278 / 1.1 x 0.2 x 0.025
= 5.054 m/s
6. Equivalent Diameter:
Dh = 4 x Area of Cross section /
Perimeter
= 4 x .02 x 0.025 /2 (0.2 +
0.025)
= 0.04444m
7. Reynolds Number:
Re = V D /
= 5.054 x 0.04444 / 17 x 10-6
= 13211
8. Heat gained by Air:
Qa = m Cp (To – Ti)
= 0.0278 x 1006 x (42 – 30.)
= 335.6 Watts
9. Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient:
h = Qa / Ap (Tpav - Tfav)
= 335.6 / 0.3 (66.– 36)
= 37.28 W / m2
- 0
C
10. Nusselt Number:
Nu = h d / K
= 37.28 x 0.04444 / 0.0278
= 59.60
11. Thermo hydraulic performance
Thp = (Nu /Nus) / (fr/fs)1/3
= 1.2
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