Python is a clear and powerful object-oriented programming language that is easy to test code snippets interactively. It supports basic data types like numbers, strings, lists, and dictionaries. Python can be installed on Windows by downloading from python.org or is pre-installed on Linux. Python scripts are run by saving files with a .py extension and running them using the shell on Windows or terminal on Linux. Python uses control statements like if/else, for and while loops, and break and continue statements.