Pythagoras was born in Samos in 582 BC and traveled to Mesopotamia and Egypt as a young man. When he returned, he founded his first school during the tyranny of Polycrates and died in 507 BC. The Pythagoreans believed that the structure of the universe was based on mathematics and that the earth and planets revolved around the sun, not the center of the universe. The Pythagorean Theorem is named after Pythagoras, who discovered that in any right triangle the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the two legs.