3. Organizational Flow Chart
Hydro-Geologist
BHU
Other Experts
KEY:
Direct Liaison (Function)
Training
District Government
PROJECT MANAGEMENT VILLAGE MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT
Maintenance
Engineer Water Users Group
Project Manager Panchayat Union Council
Technology Implemention Sweat Equity
LEI
4. Desalination System
Photovoltaic Reverse Osmosis uses energy from
the sun to desalinate brackish ground water –
making it suitable for drinking.
5. Solar Powered Water Pump
Solar-powered water pumps are widely
used for irrigation, livestock, and drinking
water purposes
6. Pro Forma Income Statement (in US Dollars)
Expenses Start Up Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Direct Expenses
PV and RO Pump System 51,021 0 0 0 0 0
Miscellaneous Expense 4,564 0 0 0 0 0
Site preparation 1,000 0 0 0 0 0
Latrine 250 0 0 0 0 0
Labor and Wage Expense 0 1,151 1,151 1,151 1,151 1,151
Total Direct Expenses 56,835 1,151 1,151 1,151 1,151 1,151
Indirect Expenses
Maintenance cost 0 250 250 250 250 250
Annual Depreciation (equip.) 0 2,551 2,424 2,302 3,660 3,294
Total Indirect Expenses 0 2,801 2,674 2,552 3,910 3,544
Total Dir. & Ind. Exp. 56,835 3,952 3,825 3,703 5,061 4,695
Revenues Year 1 - 5 (constant revenue amount)
100% revenue goal (achieved) 59,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Surplus/(Deficit) 2,165 3,213 4,388 5,685 5,624 5,929
90% revenue goal (achieved) 53,100 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Surplus/(Deficit) ($3,735) ($2,687) ($1,512) ($215) ($276) 29
85% revenue goal (achieved) 50150 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000
Surplus/(Deficit)* ($6,685) ($5,637) ($4,462) ($3,165) ($3,226) ($2,921)
NPV of US$ 22,675
8. Social Return on Investment (SROI)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net PV Investment SROI
4.52% 531,194 288,381 195,381 102,381 55,881 1,073,899 $56,835 1890%
4.52% 842,038 484,404 298,404 205,404 112,404 1,772,601 $56,835 3119%
4.52% 1,214,076 772,785 493,785 307,785 168,285 2,694,228 $56,835 4967%
SOCIAL NET PRESENT VALUE SROI
Social Cash Flow Discounted High
Social Cash Flow Discouted Medium
Social Cash Flow Discounted Low
9. Risks
Possible instability of political environment
Lack of program ownership by the local inhabitants
Inadequate operation and maintenance system
established
Unsustainable flow of funds
10. Benefits
Improved access to
potable water
Improved access to
water for other uses
Enhanced living
conditions & increased
productivity
Improved health of local
inhabitants & their
livestock
Improved sanitation
11. Chak 288
750 residents, 100 Cholistani nomads
Agriculture - main source of income
for residents
Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane
A recent survey by the Asian
Development Bank listed three main
problems:
Lack of drinking water
Shortage of irrigational water
Sanitation
Strong informal committees & trust in
government
12. Secondary Benefits
Human Capital / Development
Decreases in time used to carry water for home use
Women will have time for literacy classes and WID
Female children will have time to attend school
Decrease in disease and deaths
Fewer deaths leading to less time and effort taking
care of the ill and dying
Latrines decrease ground water contamination and
health related issues
Increased crop productivity due to increased water
availability for irrigation or drip systems
13. Project Timeline
2006 2007
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Phase I
Secure Funds
Initiate contact with site
Phase II
Complete construction of
desalination system
Phase III
Build local capacity for
project sustainability
15. Equipment Specifications: Pump
No Inverter: Special D.C. motor connects directly to solar
array for efficient operation.
Rugged Construction: Stainless steel and bronze provides
strength and corrosion resistance.
Built-In Overload Protection: Internal magnetic drive protects
the motor from damage if the pump ever becomes plugged.
Simple Installation: Use of plastic discharge pipe allows
installation totally by hand with simple tools.
No maintenance: Motor and pump will operate for years
without servicing.
16. Equipment Specifications:
Desalination System
Built to Last: Stainless Steel Frame and Element Vessels
Three Filter System: Thin Film Composite Membrane, 5 Micron
Pre Filter, Carbon Block Pre Filter
Built-in Monitoring System: Electronic sensors monitor all vital
functions of the system and automatically responds to changes in
these variables, initiating the proper response to virtually any
operating condition.
Replacement Filters provided: Includes a 3 year supply of
replacement filters
17. System Calculations – Amount of Water
Minimum Amount of Drinkable water needed per day (in liters) 4810
Amount of drinkable water needed per person per day (in Liters) 5
# of people 962
Pop'n Growth Rate 0.025
Estimated Population 2007 850
Over how many years 5
Total Amount of water for other uses needed per day (in liters) 19234
Amount of water for other uses per person per day (in Liters) 20
# of people 962
Pop'n Growth Rate 0.025
Estimated Population 2007 850
Over how many years 5
Amount of Storage Needed for Drinking Water (in liters) 9617
Total Amount of Drinkable Liters needed per day 4810
# of Days of storage 2
Amount of Storage Needed for Water for other uses (in liters) 38468
Total Amount of water for other uses needed per day (in liters) 19234
# of Days of storage 2
18. System Calculations – Pump & RO
Amount of water to pump each day (in liters) 48085
Total Amount of Drinkable Liters needed per day 4810
Total Amount of Water for other uses 19233
RO Recovery rate (from system documents) 0.5
Amount of energy needed to pump water (in kWh/day) 12.68
Density of Water (kg/m3) 1000
Gravity (in m/s2) 9.8
Conversion from feet to meters 0.31
Depth of water (in meters) 77.5
Amount of water to pump each day (in m3) 48.08
Amount of energy needed to pump water (in MJ) 45.65
Conversion J to kWh 3.6
Pump efficiency (ranges from 80% - 90%) 0.8
Depth of water (in feet) 250
Amount of energy needed for RO System (in kWh/day ) 5.05
Total Amount of Drinkable water needed per day (in m3/day) 4.80
Amount of energy needed for RO System (from RO docs in kWh/m3 produced) 1.051
Total Amount of energy needed for RO & Pump per day (in kWh) 17.73
19. Systems Calculations – Solar Panels
Total Amount of energy needed for RO & Pump per day (in kWh) 17.73
Total Amount of energy needed for RO & Pump per year (in kWh) 6473.07
Area of Solar panels required (in m2) 29.60
Power of Solar panels (in kw/m2) 1
Capacity Factor (for desert) 0.25
Hours per year 8760
Total Amount of energy needed for RO & Pump per year 6473.07
Efficiency of Panels (ranges from 0-20%) 0.1
Amount of Power needed from solar panels at any given time (in kW) .07389
Number of Solar Panels 23
Length of solar panel (in m) 1.593
Width of solar panel (in m) 0.79
Area needs to equal (in m2) 29.55737826
Area of one panel equals (in m2) 1.25847
Price of Solar Panels $18,582.85
Price per panel $807.95
Number of Solar Panels required 23
20. Change in Annual Death Rate
Annual deaths in Pakistan is 10 per 1,000
Client Population 850
Annual deaths per population = 8.57
Estimated change Lives Saved Lives Lost
Low estimate of benefits 10% 2 19
Medium estimate of benefits 25% 5 16
High estimate of benefits 60% 13 9
Photovoltaic Recycling
Recycling
Weight (lbs.) Cost/lbs Total Cost Panels Recycling Costs
33.1 30 $ 993 17 $ 16,881
Clean Water Valuation
Per Month Per Year Total Pop.
Low water cost per person $ 50 $ 600 $ 465,000
Medium water cost per person $ 78 $ 936 $ 725,400
High water cost per person $ 105 $ 1,260 $ 976,500
SROI – Death Rate, Recycling & Water
21. SROI – Women Carrying Water
Women Carrying Water 4 Hours
Daily
fetching 4
boiling 0.5
Weekly Fetching & Boiling 31.5
Weekly washing 6
Weekly Total Hours 37.5
Montly Total Hours (4.3 Weeks) 161.25
Monthly Wages for Carrying Water
Low wage 0.26$ 41.93$ 2,505.02 403,934
Medium wage 0.40$ 64.50$ 3,853.88 621,437
High wage 0.62$ 99.98$ 5,973.51 963,228
700 clients, average 8 individuals per household 106 Households
On average 2 women carrying water per household 212 Women
Dollars Rupees
Low Range Wages 212 women 8,888$ 531,064
Medium Range Wages 212 women 13,674$ 817,022
High Range Wages 212 women 21,195$ 1,266,383
Annual Opportunity Cost Low 212 women 106,657$ 6,372,768
Annual Opportunity Cost Medium 212 women 164,088$ 9,804,258
Annual Opportunity Cost High 212 women 254,336$ 15,196,600
Dollars Monthly Rupees Monthly
22. SROI - Decrease in Health Care Loans
Currency Equivalents Total Households 106
US 1.00 = 59.75
Rupee 1.00 = 0.01673
Dollars Rupees
Annual Gov't. Expenditures for Health Care = 17% 162$ 9,680
Average Cost of Health Care Visit 953$ 56,942
High
Loans for Health Care taken Annually no. of HH 76$ 4,400
Low estimate # of loans 4.0% 4 322$ 19,253.84
Medium estimate # ofloans 6.0% 6 483$ 28,880.76
High Estimate # of loans 8.0% 8 644$ 38,507.68
Medium
Loans for Health Care taken Annually no. of HH 38$ 2,200
Low estimate # of loans 4.0% 4 161$ 9,627
Medium estimate # of loans 6.0% 6 242$ 14,440
High Estimate # of loans 8.0% 8 322$ 19,254
Low
Loans for Health Care taken Annually no. of HH 19$ 1,100
Low estimate # of loans 4.0% 4 81$ 4,813
Medium estimate # of loans 6.0% 6 121$ 7,220
High Estimate # of loans 8.0% 8 161$ 9,627
.5 Month's Wage Equivalent
2 Month's Wage Equivalent
1 Month's Wage Equivalent
23. SROI - Health Loans Sensitivity Analysis
High Savings in Rupees
Low estimate of savings for loans 10% 322$ 32$ 1,925
Medium estimate of savings of loans 25% 483$ 121$ 7,220
High estimate of savings for loans 60% 644$ 387$ 23,105
Medium Savings
Low estimate of savings for loans 10% 161$ 16$ 963
Medium estimate of savings of loans 25% 242$ 60$ 3,610
High estimate of savings for loans 60% 322$ 193$ 11,552
Low Savings
Low estimate of savings for loans 10% 81$ 8$ 481
Medium estimate of savings of loans 25% 121$ 30$ 1,805
High estimate of savings for loans 60% 161$ 97$ 5,776
2 Month's Wages
1 Month's Wages
.5 Month's Wages
24. Social Net Present Value of US$ 1,073,899
LOW
Start Up Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Water Values 465,000 279,000 186,000 93,000 46,500
Recycling PV Panels (675) (675) (675) (675) (675)
Health Loans (Medium Est.) 30 30 30 30 30
Fetching Water 66,839 10,026 10,026 10,026 10,026
Sum Social Cash Flows (SCF) 531,194 288,381 195,381 102,381 55,881
MEDIUM
Start Up Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Water Values 725,400 465,000 279,000 186,000 93,000
Recycling PV Panels (675) (675) (675) (675) (675)
Health Loans (Medium Est.) 60 60 60 60 60
Fetching Water 133,458 20,019 20,019 20,019 20,019
Sum Social Cash Flows (SCF) 842,038 484,404 298,404 205,404 112,404
HIGH
Start Up Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Water Values 976,500 725,400 465,000 279,000 186,000
Recycling PV Panels (675) (675) (675) (675) (675)
Health Loans (Medium Est.) 121 121 121 121 121
Fetching Water 254,336 38,150 38,150 38,150 38,150
Sum Social Cash Flows (SCF) 1,214,076 762,996 502,596 316,596 223,596
Social Return on Investment (in USD)
