PURPOSE OF NEGOTIATION
4
Theodore Hickman
Instructor: Johnny Maddox
Unit 3 IP
SCM340 1703A-01
16 July 2017
Power and leverage
Sources of power
What leverage or power can people apply to achieve their goals?
The buyer of the plastics has power considering that it’s the company that is need of the materials. In other words, the fact that the business can decide to buy or not proves that it has the power to make its choices. Therefore, it has the power to bargain with the use of its financial capability. Moreover, the company has the authority to purchase the goods from another firm based on the fact that it is not mandatory to buy from the same firm that it has entered into the negotiation process. Also, the supplier has power considering that it is in possession of the goods that are required for the manufacturing process. Therefore, if it decides not to sell the goods, the buyer will face difficulties when it comes to where to acquire the goods. Also, the supplier’s power can be earned through the provision of high-quality raw materials that are in a position to attain the production of products that are of the highest quality possible.
Power and influence Define power and influence in the negotiation process.
Power refers to the ability to influence parties in the bargaining process to do according to your will (Zartman, & Rubin, 2000). In other words, power is the activity by which one party can make use of its knowledge and bargaining skills to influence the other parties to do what it wants. For instance, where the supplier decides to convince the buyer that the goods are of good quality and assure the buyer that the goods are going to him best so as to end up purchasing the goods. The word influence in the negotiation process refers to the situation by which people are not forced to do something. It is the use of the available information and knowledge to convince the one party to do something at their own will without having to use force.
Describe at least two sources of power and influence in negotiations.
Some of the sources of power include the position at which the organization is placed. For instance, the supplier can be holding the top position in the industry that allows the other firms to believe that they products are of better quality than any other organization in the same industry. Also, knowledge is another source of influence and power that arises with the initiation of the same knowledge to win over something. People gain knowledge that can be used to act as power during the negotiation processes by researching and going through a wide variety of data so as to acquire the statistics and facts that are related to a particular situation.
Walk-away alternative
Best alternative to negotiated agreement (BATNA)
BATNA suggests that the organizations should go for the choice that provides the highest level of benefits when agreement becomes a problem (Winkler, 2006). It is required that t ...
Presentation covers all the main aspects of negotiation process.
Key Elements of Negotiations
Variety of Negotiations
Type of Negotiations
Negotiation Styles
Type of Negotiators
Negotiation Tactics
Stages of Negotiation Cycle with Strategy & Tactics
Negotiation is a process where two or more parties decide how to allocate scarce resources. There are two main types: distributive negotiation, which seeks to divide a fixed resource in a win-lose manner, and integrative negotiation, which aims to expand resources to create a win-win solution. The negotiation process typically involves preparation, defining ground rules, clarifying positions, bargaining, and implementing an agreement. Cultural differences, personality traits, and tactics can also impact negotiation effectiveness.
Negotiating involves communicating between two or more parties to reach an agreement on differing needs or ideas. It draws on skills in communication, psychology, and conflict resolution. Effective negotiators prepare thoroughly, focus on interests rather than positions, and use a cooperative problem-solving approach to find mutually beneficial solutions.
Principled negotiation is a type of bargaining that focuses on mutual interests and finding mutually beneficial outcomes. There are four key elements: mutual gain, focusing on interests rather than positions, separating emotions from issues, and using objective criteria. Team and multiparty negotiations involve multiple people on each side and present additional challenges around fluctuating alternatives and coalition formation. An adversarial approach focuses on hard bargaining and achieving the most aggressive party's interests, while neglecting the other side's problems and interests. Overcoming biases around one's own viewpoints and perceptions of the other side can help reach mutually agreeable solutions.
Negotiation is a method to settle differences and reach compromise or agreement without argument. There are two main types of negotiation - distributive and integrative. Distributive negotiation involves bargaining over a fixed amount of value, while integrative negotiation aims to create value and find solutions where both parties benefit. Successful negotiation requires preparation, open discussion to clarify goals, and finding outcomes where all sides achieve mutual gains. Various strategies like making multiple offers simultaneously can help negotiations succeed in resolving conflicts to the satisfaction of all parties involved.
Training Slides of Negotiation & Conflict Management in Organization, discussing the importance of Negotiation Skills.
Some Key-Points:
- Stages of Negotiation
- Approaches to Negotiation
- The Five Communication Styles
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
Training Slides of Advanced Negotiation Communication & Presentation Skills , discussing the importance of Negotiation Skills.
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
Negotiation is a process where parties try to reach an agreement or compromise on issues in dispute. It involves exchanging offers and counteroffers to find mutually acceptable solutions. Effective negotiation requires preparation, understanding both sides' objectives and priorities, developing alternative options, and using strategies like focusing on interests rather than positions to achieve win-win outcomes when possible. Key roles for negotiators include maintaining team unity, understanding the issues, preparing necessary information, seeking compromise, and knowing when to conclude the negotiation. Personality traits alone do not determine outcomes, but both gender and power can influence negotiating style and perceived success.
Presentation covers all the main aspects of negotiation process.
Key Elements of Negotiations
Variety of Negotiations
Type of Negotiations
Negotiation Styles
Type of Negotiators
Negotiation Tactics
Stages of Negotiation Cycle with Strategy & Tactics
Negotiation is a process where two or more parties decide how to allocate scarce resources. There are two main types: distributive negotiation, which seeks to divide a fixed resource in a win-lose manner, and integrative negotiation, which aims to expand resources to create a win-win solution. The negotiation process typically involves preparation, defining ground rules, clarifying positions, bargaining, and implementing an agreement. Cultural differences, personality traits, and tactics can also impact negotiation effectiveness.
Negotiating involves communicating between two or more parties to reach an agreement on differing needs or ideas. It draws on skills in communication, psychology, and conflict resolution. Effective negotiators prepare thoroughly, focus on interests rather than positions, and use a cooperative problem-solving approach to find mutually beneficial solutions.
Principled negotiation is a type of bargaining that focuses on mutual interests and finding mutually beneficial outcomes. There are four key elements: mutual gain, focusing on interests rather than positions, separating emotions from issues, and using objective criteria. Team and multiparty negotiations involve multiple people on each side and present additional challenges around fluctuating alternatives and coalition formation. An adversarial approach focuses on hard bargaining and achieving the most aggressive party's interests, while neglecting the other side's problems and interests. Overcoming biases around one's own viewpoints and perceptions of the other side can help reach mutually agreeable solutions.
Negotiation is a method to settle differences and reach compromise or agreement without argument. There are two main types of negotiation - distributive and integrative. Distributive negotiation involves bargaining over a fixed amount of value, while integrative negotiation aims to create value and find solutions where both parties benefit. Successful negotiation requires preparation, open discussion to clarify goals, and finding outcomes where all sides achieve mutual gains. Various strategies like making multiple offers simultaneously can help negotiations succeed in resolving conflicts to the satisfaction of all parties involved.
Training Slides of Negotiation & Conflict Management in Organization, discussing the importance of Negotiation Skills.
Some Key-Points:
- Stages of Negotiation
- Approaches to Negotiation
- The Five Communication Styles
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
Training Slides of Advanced Negotiation Communication & Presentation Skills , discussing the importance of Negotiation Skills.
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
Negotiation is a process where parties try to reach an agreement or compromise on issues in dispute. It involves exchanging offers and counteroffers to find mutually acceptable solutions. Effective negotiation requires preparation, understanding both sides' objectives and priorities, developing alternative options, and using strategies like focusing on interests rather than positions to achieve win-win outcomes when possible. Key roles for negotiators include maintaining team unity, understanding the issues, preparing necessary information, seeking compromise, and knowing when to conclude the negotiation. Personality traits alone do not determine outcomes, but both gender and power can influence negotiating style and perceived success.
This document discusses negotiation skills and provides information on different types of negotiation. It begins by defining negotiation as an interactive communication process where parties want something from each other and aim to find an agreement. There are three elements of negotiation: process, behavior, and substance. The document then describes two main types of negotiation: distributive and integrative. Distributive negotiation involves parties competing over a fixed resource, while integrative negotiation involves parties cooperating and sharing interests to create value for both sides and reach an optimal agreement. The document provides tips for successfully conducting each type of negotiation.
The document provides information about group members for a project and then discusses the concepts of negotiation. It begins by defining negotiation and explaining its origins from Latin words. It then covers negotiation styles, goals, processes, characteristics, types including distributive and integrative. The document also discusses multiparty negotiations, the effects of positive and negative emotions, and describes negotiation as both an art and a science.
The document discusses negotiation skills, defining negotiation as a process of communicating between two or more parties to reach an agreement. It notes that negotiation involves behaviors like communication, psychology, and conflict resolution. The principles of negotiation include defining goals, establishing a neutral position, encouraging mutual understanding, and providing multiple solutions to reach an acceptable agreement. Different types of negotiation are discussed, like day-to-day negotiations at work, commercial negotiations involving contracts, and legal negotiations that adhere to laws. The negotiation process involves preparation, exchanging information, bargaining to shape a deal, and closing with commitments. Common mistakes in negotiation are also outlined.
Negotiation - Porto (Porto case).note this is a case study so the.pdffathimaoptical
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
On January 1, a customer paid X Company $21,600 in advance for cleaning services. The
cleaning was going to be done once in January, once in February, and once in March, so the
payment was recorded as Deferred Revenue. What will be the result of the adjusting entry on
January 31?
A: a balance of $7,200 in the Deferred Revenue account on the Balance Sheet
B: a $7,200 increase in the Cash account on the Balance Sheet
C: revenue of $7,200 reported on the Income Statement
D: a $7,200 increase in the Deferred Revenue account on the Balance Sheet
Solution
Income to be recorded for the month of January = $21,600 / 3 months = $7,200
Hence, $7,200 shall be recognised as income for the month of January by transferring from
deferred revenue
The adjusting entry shall be
C: revenue of $7,200 reported on the Income Statement.
April 2011 Part I What Every Executive Should Know About Dispute ResolutionRBCG1
The document discusses various dispute resolution options for business executives including mediation, arbitration, negotiation and litigation. It provides details on each process and notes that mediation and arbitration are generally better than litigation when future relationships are important. The document also summarizes the key steps and considerations for mediation and arbitration as the main alternative dispute resolution approaches.
Negotiation is a process of communication between two or more parties to influence each other and reach an agreement. It can involve compromise to benefit both sides. There are two main types of negotiation: distributive negotiation which focuses on fixed resources and competitive goals, and integrative negotiation which aims to find mutually beneficial outcomes through problem solving and addressing underlying interests. Key factors for successful negotiation include thorough planning, understanding different perspectives, ensuring the right stakeholders are represented, and finding possible compromises.
Presentation - Breach of contract and remedies.pptxAbhinavChahar4
This document outlines the key aspects of contract negotiations and breach of contract. It discusses the definition and characteristics of contract negotiations, including that it is a voluntary process where parties negotiate to find an agreeable outcome. It also covers major negotiation techniques like distributive negotiation, which is a win-lose approach where parties compete over limited resources, and integrative negotiation, which is a cooperative approach where parties share information to find mutually beneficial solutions. The document provides strategies for each technique, such as discovering resistance points in distributive negotiation and emphasizing commonalities in integrative negotiation. Finally, it briefly introduces the topic of breach of contract and available remedies.
7Taxi limousine commercial service .docxrobert345678
The document contains summaries of categories of disorders from the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision). Each summary includes an overview of the category, one-sentence summaries of each disorder within the category, and a summary of risk and prognostic factors for one disorder. Three categories of disorders are summarized in one-page each, following APA style guidelines.
Running Head Conflict Management Strategy .docxjoellemurphey
Running Head: Conflict Management Strategy 1
Conflict Management Strategy
Amy Fjeld
HR Project Management
MPM468-1503B-01
Unit 4 – Individual Project
Introduction
Conflicts are common issues in most of the workplaces because they are avoided so as to maintain artificial harmony or because they are poorly dealt with. They are a common reality that cannot be avoided or ignored. In any situation that involves more than one person such as the recruitment process, conflicts are bound to arise (Black, 2001). We have seen the various causes of conflicts in a recruitment plan. Conflicts that are poorly managed or unmanaged lead to a breakdown of trust and loss of productivity. They can also lead to loss of revenue in the organization. These are the reasons the knowledge of effectively dealing with conflicts is required so as to improve profits and increase performance.
Strategies to deal with conflict
It is important to understand the basic conflict management strategies to deal with conflicts appropriately before they blow out of proportion. There are five strategies that are useful in dealing with conflicts. The first strategy is avoiding the conflict. The avoidance strategy aims at putting off the conflict indefinitely. When a conflict is ignored or delayed, the person who is avoiding the conflict hopes that the conflict will resolve itself without any confrontations. Individuals who always avoid power in most cases hold low positions of power or have low esteem (Black, 2001). There are situations where avoiding a conflict serves as a profitable strategy for managing conflicts. An example of such a situation is when the conflict was due to recruiting an unproductive employee, but the employee ends up being dismissed. When a more productive replacement is hired for that position, much of the conflict ends up being soothed. We can conclude that this strategy is most effective in unimportant issues, and the risk of the issue surfacing goes beyond the benefits of finding a solution (Isard, & Smith, 2000).
The second strategy of conflict resolution is accommodating. This strategy involves allowing the opposite side to have what it wants. Accommodation is mostly used in situations where it is the wish of one party to maintain peace or finds the issue as being minor. For instance, a panelist who is against the recruitment of a particular candidate for their reasons can choose to overlook the reasons because the candidate is qualified for the position. This is a low-stakes means of keeping peace with the rest of the members of the panel. This strategy is useful in situations where the issue is more important to others as compared to how it is to one person. The disadvantage of this conflict resolution strategy is that those employees who apply it keep track and end up developing resentment towards others. This strategy is als ...
document consist of the following:
NEGOTIATION process, OTHER NEGOTIATION STYLES, APPROACHES TO NEGOTIATION, PRINCIPLES OF NEGOTIATION, SKILLS REQUIRED FOR NEGOTIATION, Role of Emotions in Negotiation, NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT and NON NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT
This document provides an overview of negotiation research, including definitions, approaches, measures, and theoretical models. It discusses economic and social-psychological measures of negotiation behavior and performance. Normative and descriptive theoretical approaches are examined. Individual differences that may impact negotiation, such as gender, cognitive ability, and Machiavellianism, are also reviewed. The document summarizes research on how these factors influence negotiation outcomes and perceptions.
Negotiation involves groups with conflicting interests meeting to resolve differences through offers, counteroffers, and concessions. There are three types of third parties that can be involved - a mediator who helps parties reconcile differences, an arbiter who can impose a solution, or a neutral negotiator skilled in bargaining. Effective negotiation requires planning, understanding different strategies like distributive and integrative bargaining, properly handling the negotiation process, and avoiding common mistakes like poor preparation.
Negotiation is a process where parties involved try to reach an agreement or compromise on issues through discussion. It can occur in business, legal, and personal contexts. There are generally two types of negotiation: distributive negotiation which involves bargaining for a limited set of resources, and integrative negotiation which aims to expand resources and find mutually beneficial outcomes through cooperation. Effective negotiation requires understanding interests, having a plan, gathering information, and practicing negotiation skills. Training can help improve business negotiation abilities.
Describe how purchasing strategy is becoming more intertwined with o.pdfakukukkusarees
Describe how organizations can overcome the geographic, cultural, and language challenges
when seeking potential overseas suppliers. Give specific examples.
Decide how organizations can instill the same ethical standards in overseas suppliers, especially
Asian suppliers.
Explain what other two (2) assessments, in addition to what is published in the Global
Competitiveness Report, you might need to determine the risks and opportunities of an overseas
supplier for your company or organization or institution. Expand on the value add of these two
(2) assessments.
Solution
Each country has its own cultural customs, and these will affect local business deals. Firms in
Saudi Arabia will often mention the prophet Mohammed during their business deal; Chinese
firms place great emphasis on business cards; and Brazilian firms are often late to appointments.
Although there are exceptions in all these cases, as cultural rules they generally hold true.
This document discusses negotiation reflection and strategies for effective negotiation. It provides tips for being well-prepared, sticking to principles, not being intimidated, acknowledging strengths in other proposals, controlling the negotiation process, and finding common ground. Successful negotiation requires careful consideration of all elements, keeping perspective, and fairness. Different approaches to negotiation are discussed, including competitive, cooperative, and compromise approaches.
The document discusses the concepts and techniques of power negotiating. It defines power negotiating as winning at the negotiating table while making the other person feel they have won. Some key points covered include overstating initial demands to establish a higher baseline, using techniques like "why not" to apply pressure, developing alternatives to increase leverage, understanding different sources of power, and adjusting approaches for cross-cultural negotiations. A case study example demonstrates how understanding negotiation strategies is important to avoid being taken advantage of in discussions.
Running head NEGOTIATION PLANNING1 NEGOTIATION PLANNING5.docxjeanettehully
Running head: NEGOTIATION PLANNING 1
NEGOTIATION PLANNING 5
Negotiation Planning
Keisha McKinney
Columbia Southern University
01/07/2020
Negotiation Planning
Negotiation involves an interaction between entities intended in reaching a beneficial outcome in any organization. Companies create a guide used in each step which includes a series of strategies and planning to have a successful negotiation. Planning for negotiation is essential for various reasons. First, it enables companies to be proactive in foreseeing their future and prepare accordingly to keep up with the changing trends in the market. Secondly, Planning goals and strategies increases operational efficiency in providing a roadmap in the management in making decisions by determining the required resources used in accomplishing the set goals (Ong, 2015). Deliberate planning also important in increasing profitability and market share. Corporations get insights that are valuable on consumer segments and market demands on products and services, which is the best approach used in turning marketing and sales efforts into the best outcomes.
Organization negotiators should always have goals and strategies before negotiation commences. Having goals and strategies in any preparation for negotiation can portray negotiators as people with vision and objectives goals of what they need out of the deal. Lack of negotiation goals in mind by negotiators may affect the best outcome for the business. Therefore, getting into negotiation with specific goals and a clear understanding of business strategies helps to improve performance in operation. There are various issues discussed during the negotiation process such as distributive, congruent and integrative issues (Kesler, 2019). Integrative negotiation is a strategy involving the collaboration of parties to get a substantive solution to their disagreement. The tactic focuses on the development of mutual agreement that is beneficial to the disputants’ interests. The congruent issue is where the interest of parties are aligned positively in which both sides are not willing to state what they need in case of any project discussion. When negotiators have the same interest on which project to be given the priority is a congruent issue in negotiation. Distributive negotiation involves a single issue such as the cost of the project, and mostly it relates to the bargaining process.
Defining the relative importance and the bargaining mix of each issue is a critical step in negotiation. Negotiators from different parties assemble a list of issues presented and decide on the most and least important issue to enhance proper priorities. Bargaining mix entails both parties coming together and combining their lists of issues in a negotiation before implementation. Accordingly, large bargaining mixes may benefit a negotiation because a large list of components are put together and can easily benefit both parties. Notably, a large bargaining ...
This document provides an outline for a country analysis presentation on market entry considerations. The presentation includes sections on introduction and country choice, the sociocultural environment, political-legal environment, and economic-infrastructural environment of the selected country. Key elements covered in each section include country composition, cultural values, business etiquette, government structure, trade regulations, economic measures, and infrastructure. The presentation concludes with recommendations on market entry strategies and cultural considerations for entering the market. Checkpoints are included to allow for feedback on sections completed throughout the course before submitting the final presentation.
Expert solutions to everday Book Review.pptxjunaidyaris99
This book is one of the Pocket Mentor Series by Harvard Business School Press, offering immediate solution to common challenges, Managers face in their job routine. It is packed with handy tools, self tests and real life examples to help identify someone’s strength and weaknesses and hone critical skills
This document provides guidance on conducting effective negotiations to deal with conflict situations. It discusses:
- Preparing for negotiations by organizing thoughts, thinking through responses and potential reactions, and translating messages to the other party's benefits.
- Conducting negotiations through concise, benefit-focused communication using both verbal and nonverbal skills while carefully listening to the other party.
- Conditions that make negotiations more likely to succeed, such as identifiable willing parties, interdependence, a willingness to compromise, and a sense of urgency. It emphasizes aligning behavior during negotiations with the chosen strategy and tactics.
According to Davenport (2014) social media and health care are c.docxmakdul
Social media is collaborating with healthcare to meet the needs of providers and patients, and is moving toward using analytics to evaluate its value within healthcare. The document instructs the reader to research areas of social media that could benefit from an analytic model combining data and value-based analytics, then evaluate a resource by discussing five major social media stakeholder roles, whether social media could improve medical practice and provide rationale, and concluding with main points.
According to (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.) theoretical orient.docxmakdul
According to (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.) theoretical orientation represent styles of mind for understanding reality. This theoretical orientation can be organized as a continuum from theoretical constructs that are independent and concrete as with the Behavioral/ CBT theories, to theoretical constructs that are interdependent and abstract as with the Psychodynamic theories (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.). Family systems and Humanistic/Existential are theoretical midpoints (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.). Trait theory tends to focus on the premise that we are born with traits or characteristics that make us unique and explain our behaviors (Cervone& Pervin, 2019). For example, introversion, extroversion, shyness, agreeableness, kindness, etc. all these innate characteristics that we are born help to explain why we behave in a certain manner according to the situations we face, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019). Psychoanalytic perspective on the other hand focuses on childhood experiences and the unconscious mind which plays a role in our personality development, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019).
According to Freud, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019) our unconscious mind includes all our hidden desires and conflicts which form the root cause of our mental health issues or maladaptive behaviors. The main difference between these two perspectives is that trait theory helps to explain why we behave in a certain manner, whereas psychoanalytic theory only describes the personality and predicting behavior and not really explaining why we behave the way we do. There is no such evident similarity between the two perspectives, but kind of rely on underlying mechanisms to explain personality. Also, there is some degree of subjectivity present in both the perspectives. Trait theories involve subjectivity regarding interpretations of which can be considered as important traits that explain our behaviors, and psychoanalytic theory is subjective and vague in the concepts been used like the unconscious mind. My opinions accord with the visible contrasts between the two, one focused on internal features describing our behaviors in clearer words, whilst other concentrating on unconscious mind in anticipating behavior which is ambiguous and harder to grasp.
References
Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2019). Personality: Theory and research (14th ed.). Wiley.
Fatehi, M., Gordon, R. M., & Florida, O. A Meta-Theoretical Integration of Psychotherapy Orientations.
.
More Related Content
Similar to PURPOSE OF NEGOTIATION4Theodore HickmanInstructor Joh.docx
This document discusses negotiation skills and provides information on different types of negotiation. It begins by defining negotiation as an interactive communication process where parties want something from each other and aim to find an agreement. There are three elements of negotiation: process, behavior, and substance. The document then describes two main types of negotiation: distributive and integrative. Distributive negotiation involves parties competing over a fixed resource, while integrative negotiation involves parties cooperating and sharing interests to create value for both sides and reach an optimal agreement. The document provides tips for successfully conducting each type of negotiation.
The document provides information about group members for a project and then discusses the concepts of negotiation. It begins by defining negotiation and explaining its origins from Latin words. It then covers negotiation styles, goals, processes, characteristics, types including distributive and integrative. The document also discusses multiparty negotiations, the effects of positive and negative emotions, and describes negotiation as both an art and a science.
The document discusses negotiation skills, defining negotiation as a process of communicating between two or more parties to reach an agreement. It notes that negotiation involves behaviors like communication, psychology, and conflict resolution. The principles of negotiation include defining goals, establishing a neutral position, encouraging mutual understanding, and providing multiple solutions to reach an acceptable agreement. Different types of negotiation are discussed, like day-to-day negotiations at work, commercial negotiations involving contracts, and legal negotiations that adhere to laws. The negotiation process involves preparation, exchanging information, bargaining to shape a deal, and closing with commitments. Common mistakes in negotiation are also outlined.
Negotiation - Porto (Porto case).note this is a case study so the.pdffathimaoptical
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
On January 1, a customer paid X Company $21,600 in advance for cleaning services. The
cleaning was going to be done once in January, once in February, and once in March, so the
payment was recorded as Deferred Revenue. What will be the result of the adjusting entry on
January 31?
A: a balance of $7,200 in the Deferred Revenue account on the Balance Sheet
B: a $7,200 increase in the Cash account on the Balance Sheet
C: revenue of $7,200 reported on the Income Statement
D: a $7,200 increase in the Deferred Revenue account on the Balance Sheet
Solution
Income to be recorded for the month of January = $21,600 / 3 months = $7,200
Hence, $7,200 shall be recognised as income for the month of January by transferring from
deferred revenue
The adjusting entry shall be
C: revenue of $7,200 reported on the Income Statement.
April 2011 Part I What Every Executive Should Know About Dispute ResolutionRBCG1
The document discusses various dispute resolution options for business executives including mediation, arbitration, negotiation and litigation. It provides details on each process and notes that mediation and arbitration are generally better than litigation when future relationships are important. The document also summarizes the key steps and considerations for mediation and arbitration as the main alternative dispute resolution approaches.
Negotiation is a process of communication between two or more parties to influence each other and reach an agreement. It can involve compromise to benefit both sides. There are two main types of negotiation: distributive negotiation which focuses on fixed resources and competitive goals, and integrative negotiation which aims to find mutually beneficial outcomes through problem solving and addressing underlying interests. Key factors for successful negotiation include thorough planning, understanding different perspectives, ensuring the right stakeholders are represented, and finding possible compromises.
Presentation - Breach of contract and remedies.pptxAbhinavChahar4
This document outlines the key aspects of contract negotiations and breach of contract. It discusses the definition and characteristics of contract negotiations, including that it is a voluntary process where parties negotiate to find an agreeable outcome. It also covers major negotiation techniques like distributive negotiation, which is a win-lose approach where parties compete over limited resources, and integrative negotiation, which is a cooperative approach where parties share information to find mutually beneficial solutions. The document provides strategies for each technique, such as discovering resistance points in distributive negotiation and emphasizing commonalities in integrative negotiation. Finally, it briefly introduces the topic of breach of contract and available remedies.
7Taxi limousine commercial service .docxrobert345678
The document contains summaries of categories of disorders from the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision). Each summary includes an overview of the category, one-sentence summaries of each disorder within the category, and a summary of risk and prognostic factors for one disorder. Three categories of disorders are summarized in one-page each, following APA style guidelines.
Running Head Conflict Management Strategy .docxjoellemurphey
Running Head: Conflict Management Strategy 1
Conflict Management Strategy
Amy Fjeld
HR Project Management
MPM468-1503B-01
Unit 4 – Individual Project
Introduction
Conflicts are common issues in most of the workplaces because they are avoided so as to maintain artificial harmony or because they are poorly dealt with. They are a common reality that cannot be avoided or ignored. In any situation that involves more than one person such as the recruitment process, conflicts are bound to arise (Black, 2001). We have seen the various causes of conflicts in a recruitment plan. Conflicts that are poorly managed or unmanaged lead to a breakdown of trust and loss of productivity. They can also lead to loss of revenue in the organization. These are the reasons the knowledge of effectively dealing with conflicts is required so as to improve profits and increase performance.
Strategies to deal with conflict
It is important to understand the basic conflict management strategies to deal with conflicts appropriately before they blow out of proportion. There are five strategies that are useful in dealing with conflicts. The first strategy is avoiding the conflict. The avoidance strategy aims at putting off the conflict indefinitely. When a conflict is ignored or delayed, the person who is avoiding the conflict hopes that the conflict will resolve itself without any confrontations. Individuals who always avoid power in most cases hold low positions of power or have low esteem (Black, 2001). There are situations where avoiding a conflict serves as a profitable strategy for managing conflicts. An example of such a situation is when the conflict was due to recruiting an unproductive employee, but the employee ends up being dismissed. When a more productive replacement is hired for that position, much of the conflict ends up being soothed. We can conclude that this strategy is most effective in unimportant issues, and the risk of the issue surfacing goes beyond the benefits of finding a solution (Isard, & Smith, 2000).
The second strategy of conflict resolution is accommodating. This strategy involves allowing the opposite side to have what it wants. Accommodation is mostly used in situations where it is the wish of one party to maintain peace or finds the issue as being minor. For instance, a panelist who is against the recruitment of a particular candidate for their reasons can choose to overlook the reasons because the candidate is qualified for the position. This is a low-stakes means of keeping peace with the rest of the members of the panel. This strategy is useful in situations where the issue is more important to others as compared to how it is to one person. The disadvantage of this conflict resolution strategy is that those employees who apply it keep track and end up developing resentment towards others. This strategy is als ...
document consist of the following:
NEGOTIATION process, OTHER NEGOTIATION STYLES, APPROACHES TO NEGOTIATION, PRINCIPLES OF NEGOTIATION, SKILLS REQUIRED FOR NEGOTIATION, Role of Emotions in Negotiation, NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT and NON NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT
This document provides an overview of negotiation research, including definitions, approaches, measures, and theoretical models. It discusses economic and social-psychological measures of negotiation behavior and performance. Normative and descriptive theoretical approaches are examined. Individual differences that may impact negotiation, such as gender, cognitive ability, and Machiavellianism, are also reviewed. The document summarizes research on how these factors influence negotiation outcomes and perceptions.
Negotiation involves groups with conflicting interests meeting to resolve differences through offers, counteroffers, and concessions. There are three types of third parties that can be involved - a mediator who helps parties reconcile differences, an arbiter who can impose a solution, or a neutral negotiator skilled in bargaining. Effective negotiation requires planning, understanding different strategies like distributive and integrative bargaining, properly handling the negotiation process, and avoiding common mistakes like poor preparation.
Negotiation is a process where parties involved try to reach an agreement or compromise on issues through discussion. It can occur in business, legal, and personal contexts. There are generally two types of negotiation: distributive negotiation which involves bargaining for a limited set of resources, and integrative negotiation which aims to expand resources and find mutually beneficial outcomes through cooperation. Effective negotiation requires understanding interests, having a plan, gathering information, and practicing negotiation skills. Training can help improve business negotiation abilities.
Describe how purchasing strategy is becoming more intertwined with o.pdfakukukkusarees
Describe how organizations can overcome the geographic, cultural, and language challenges
when seeking potential overseas suppliers. Give specific examples.
Decide how organizations can instill the same ethical standards in overseas suppliers, especially
Asian suppliers.
Explain what other two (2) assessments, in addition to what is published in the Global
Competitiveness Report, you might need to determine the risks and opportunities of an overseas
supplier for your company or organization or institution. Expand on the value add of these two
(2) assessments.
Solution
Each country has its own cultural customs, and these will affect local business deals. Firms in
Saudi Arabia will often mention the prophet Mohammed during their business deal; Chinese
firms place great emphasis on business cards; and Brazilian firms are often late to appointments.
Although there are exceptions in all these cases, as cultural rules they generally hold true.
This document discusses negotiation reflection and strategies for effective negotiation. It provides tips for being well-prepared, sticking to principles, not being intimidated, acknowledging strengths in other proposals, controlling the negotiation process, and finding common ground. Successful negotiation requires careful consideration of all elements, keeping perspective, and fairness. Different approaches to negotiation are discussed, including competitive, cooperative, and compromise approaches.
The document discusses the concepts and techniques of power negotiating. It defines power negotiating as winning at the negotiating table while making the other person feel they have won. Some key points covered include overstating initial demands to establish a higher baseline, using techniques like "why not" to apply pressure, developing alternatives to increase leverage, understanding different sources of power, and adjusting approaches for cross-cultural negotiations. A case study example demonstrates how understanding negotiation strategies is important to avoid being taken advantage of in discussions.
Running head NEGOTIATION PLANNING1 NEGOTIATION PLANNING5.docxjeanettehully
Running head: NEGOTIATION PLANNING 1
NEGOTIATION PLANNING 5
Negotiation Planning
Keisha McKinney
Columbia Southern University
01/07/2020
Negotiation Planning
Negotiation involves an interaction between entities intended in reaching a beneficial outcome in any organization. Companies create a guide used in each step which includes a series of strategies and planning to have a successful negotiation. Planning for negotiation is essential for various reasons. First, it enables companies to be proactive in foreseeing their future and prepare accordingly to keep up with the changing trends in the market. Secondly, Planning goals and strategies increases operational efficiency in providing a roadmap in the management in making decisions by determining the required resources used in accomplishing the set goals (Ong, 2015). Deliberate planning also important in increasing profitability and market share. Corporations get insights that are valuable on consumer segments and market demands on products and services, which is the best approach used in turning marketing and sales efforts into the best outcomes.
Organization negotiators should always have goals and strategies before negotiation commences. Having goals and strategies in any preparation for negotiation can portray negotiators as people with vision and objectives goals of what they need out of the deal. Lack of negotiation goals in mind by negotiators may affect the best outcome for the business. Therefore, getting into negotiation with specific goals and a clear understanding of business strategies helps to improve performance in operation. There are various issues discussed during the negotiation process such as distributive, congruent and integrative issues (Kesler, 2019). Integrative negotiation is a strategy involving the collaboration of parties to get a substantive solution to their disagreement. The tactic focuses on the development of mutual agreement that is beneficial to the disputants’ interests. The congruent issue is where the interest of parties are aligned positively in which both sides are not willing to state what they need in case of any project discussion. When negotiators have the same interest on which project to be given the priority is a congruent issue in negotiation. Distributive negotiation involves a single issue such as the cost of the project, and mostly it relates to the bargaining process.
Defining the relative importance and the bargaining mix of each issue is a critical step in negotiation. Negotiators from different parties assemble a list of issues presented and decide on the most and least important issue to enhance proper priorities. Bargaining mix entails both parties coming together and combining their lists of issues in a negotiation before implementation. Accordingly, large bargaining mixes may benefit a negotiation because a large list of components are put together and can easily benefit both parties. Notably, a large bargaining ...
This document provides an outline for a country analysis presentation on market entry considerations. The presentation includes sections on introduction and country choice, the sociocultural environment, political-legal environment, and economic-infrastructural environment of the selected country. Key elements covered in each section include country composition, cultural values, business etiquette, government structure, trade regulations, economic measures, and infrastructure. The presentation concludes with recommendations on market entry strategies and cultural considerations for entering the market. Checkpoints are included to allow for feedback on sections completed throughout the course before submitting the final presentation.
Expert solutions to everday Book Review.pptxjunaidyaris99
This book is one of the Pocket Mentor Series by Harvard Business School Press, offering immediate solution to common challenges, Managers face in their job routine. It is packed with handy tools, self tests and real life examples to help identify someone’s strength and weaknesses and hone critical skills
This document provides guidance on conducting effective negotiations to deal with conflict situations. It discusses:
- Preparing for negotiations by organizing thoughts, thinking through responses and potential reactions, and translating messages to the other party's benefits.
- Conducting negotiations through concise, benefit-focused communication using both verbal and nonverbal skills while carefully listening to the other party.
- Conditions that make negotiations more likely to succeed, such as identifiable willing parties, interdependence, a willingness to compromise, and a sense of urgency. It emphasizes aligning behavior during negotiations with the chosen strategy and tactics.
Similar to PURPOSE OF NEGOTIATION4Theodore HickmanInstructor Joh.docx (20)
According to Davenport (2014) social media and health care are c.docxmakdul
Social media is collaborating with healthcare to meet the needs of providers and patients, and is moving toward using analytics to evaluate its value within healthcare. The document instructs the reader to research areas of social media that could benefit from an analytic model combining data and value-based analytics, then evaluate a resource by discussing five major social media stakeholder roles, whether social media could improve medical practice and provide rationale, and concluding with main points.
According to (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.) theoretical orient.docxmakdul
According to (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.) theoretical orientation represent styles of mind for understanding reality. This theoretical orientation can be organized as a continuum from theoretical constructs that are independent and concrete as with the Behavioral/ CBT theories, to theoretical constructs that are interdependent and abstract as with the Psychodynamic theories (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.). Family systems and Humanistic/Existential are theoretical midpoints (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.). Trait theory tends to focus on the premise that we are born with traits or characteristics that make us unique and explain our behaviors (Cervone& Pervin, 2019). For example, introversion, extroversion, shyness, agreeableness, kindness, etc. all these innate characteristics that we are born help to explain why we behave in a certain manner according to the situations we face, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019). Psychoanalytic perspective on the other hand focuses on childhood experiences and the unconscious mind which plays a role in our personality development, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019).
According to Freud, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019) our unconscious mind includes all our hidden desires and conflicts which form the root cause of our mental health issues or maladaptive behaviors. The main difference between these two perspectives is that trait theory helps to explain why we behave in a certain manner, whereas psychoanalytic theory only describes the personality and predicting behavior and not really explaining why we behave the way we do. There is no such evident similarity between the two perspectives, but kind of rely on underlying mechanisms to explain personality. Also, there is some degree of subjectivity present in both the perspectives. Trait theories involve subjectivity regarding interpretations of which can be considered as important traits that explain our behaviors, and psychoanalytic theory is subjective and vague in the concepts been used like the unconscious mind. My opinions accord with the visible contrasts between the two, one focused on internal features describing our behaviors in clearer words, whilst other concentrating on unconscious mind in anticipating behavior which is ambiguous and harder to grasp.
References
Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2019). Personality: Theory and research (14th ed.). Wiley.
Fatehi, M., Gordon, R. M., & Florida, O. A Meta-Theoretical Integration of Psychotherapy Orientations.
.
According to Libertarianism, there is no right to any social service.docxmakdul
According to Libertarianism, there is no right to any social services besides those of a night-watchman state, protecting citizens from harming each other via courts, police, and military.
Consider this town
that decided to remove fire rescue as a basic social service. To benefit from it, one had to pay a yearly fee. Do you think libertarians would generally have to support such a policy in order to be consistent? Why or why not? Also, can you think of any other social services that might no longer exist in a libertarian society? (Btw, none has ever existed).
.
According to Kirk (2016), most of your time will be spent working wi.docxmakdul
Kirk (2016) identified four data action groups for working with data: data acquisition, data examination, data transformation, and data exploration. Data acquisition involves gathering the raw material.
According to cultural deviance theorists like Cohen, deviant sub.docxmakdul
This document discusses how cultural deviance theorists view subcultures as having their own value systems that oppose mainstream society's values. It asks how rap culture has perpetuated these subcultural values and promoted violence and crime among young men. It also asks how theorists would explain the persistence and popularity of rap culture given its deviation from conventional norms and values, citing examples from Tupac Shakur and 50 Cent. The document requests a 750-1000 word essay on this topic supported by 3-5 scholarly sources.
According to Gray et al, (2017) critical appraisal is the proce.docxmakdul
According to Gray et al, (2017) “critical appraisal is the process of carefully and systematically assessing the outcome of all aspects of a study, judging the strengths, limitation, trustworthiness, meaning, and its applicability to practice”. The steps involved in critical appraisal include “identifying the study's elements or processes, determining the strengths and weaknesses, and evaluating the credibility and trustworthiness of the study” (Gray et al., 2017). The journal article chosen is
“change in staff perspectives on indwelling urinary catheter use after implementation of an intervention bundle in seven Swiss acute care hospitals: a result of a before/after survey study”
by Niederhauser, Zullig, Marschall, Schweiger, John, Kuster, and Schwappach. (2019).
Identifying the study's elements or processes
A significant issue addressed by the study is the nursing “staffs’ perspective towards indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) and evaluation of changes in their perspectives towards indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) use after implementation of a 1-year quality improvement project” (Niederhauser et al, 2019). the process of the research was conducted in “seven acute care hospitals in Switzerland” (Niederhauser et al, 2019). With a “sample size of 1579 staff members participated in the baseline survey and 1527 participated in the follow-up survey. The survey captures all nursing and medical staff members working at the participating hospitals at the time of survey distribution, using a multimodal intervention bundle, consisting of an evidence-based indication list, daily re-evaluation of ongoing catheter needs, and staff training were implemented over the course of 9 months” (Niederhauser et al, 2019).
Determining the strengths and weaknesses
A great strength of the study is a large sample size of over 1000 and the use of well-constructed and easy-to-read heading for better understanding. Also, the use of figures, graphs, and tables make the article less cumbersome to read. Another strength is the implementation of the ethical principles of research by enabling informed consent and voluntary participation as well as confidentiality and anonymity of information.
On the other hand, the study has several weaknesses such as the use of “the theory of planned behavior to model intentions to reduce catheter use, but it is not possible to know if changes observed in staff perception led to a true change in practice” (Niederhauser et al, 2019). Another weakness of the study is the repeated survey design which allows assessment of changes in staff perspectives after implementation of a quality improvement intervention but the sustainability of the effects over time could not be evaluated.
Evaluating the credibility and trustworthiness of the study
Although the study used a larger sample size of over 1000, the “use of a single-group design and no control group weakens its credibility and trustworthiness because there are no causal inferences abou.
According to article Insecure Policing Under Racial Capitalism by.docxmakdul
According to article "Insecure: Policing Under Racial Capitalism" by Robin D.G. Kelley and the article "Yes, We Mean Literally Abolish the Police" by Mariame Kaba, the police are no longer an attribute of safety and security. The facts that are given in the articles are similar within the meaning of the content. The police do not serve for the benefit of the whole community. Racial and class division according to social status became the basis of lawlessness and injustice on the part of the police. Kaaba in his article cites several stories confirming the racial hatred that led to the murder of African Americans. After that, people massively took to the streets of many cities in several countries, demanding an end to racial discrimination and the murder of African Americans. Kelley's article describes numerous manifestos where demands for police abolition have been raised, but all have been rejected. In the protests, people suggested that they themselves would take care of each other, which the police could not do. I understand that the police system is far from ideal and the permissiveness of police representatives should be limited. Ruth Wilson Gilmore says that "capitalism is never racial." I think that this phrase she wants to say that the stronger people take away from the weak people and use them for their own well-being. And since the roots of history go back to slavery, then African Americans are the weak link. In this regard, a huge number of prisons and police power appeared. The common and small class do not feel protected, on the contrary; they expect a threat from people who must protect them. The police take an oath to respect and protect human and civil rights and freedoms, regardless of skin color and social status. If this does not happen, then you need to change the system.
.
Abstract In this experiment, examining the equivalence poi.docxmakdul
Abstract:
In this experiment, examining the equivalence point in a titration with NaOH identified an
unknown diprotic acid. The molar mass of the unknown was found to be 100.78 g/mol with pKa
values of 2.6 and 6.6. The closest diprotic acid to this molar mass is malonic acid with a percent
error of 3.48%.
Introduction:
The purpose of the experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown diprotic acid. The
equivalence and half-equivalence points on the titration curve give important information, which
can then be used to calculate the molecular weight of the acid. The equivalence point is the
moment when there is an equal amount of acid and NaOH. Knowing the concentration and
volume of added NaOH at that moment, the amount of moles of NaOH can be determined. The
amount of moles of NaOH is then equivalent to the amount of acid present. Dividing the original
mass of the acid by the moles present gave the molar mass of the acid.
In this particular titration, there were two equivalence points as the acid is diprotic.
Consequently, the titration curve had two inflection points. The acid dissociated in a two-step
process with the net reaction being:
H2X + 2 NaOH Na2X + 2 H2O
This was important to take into consideration when calculating the molar mass of the diprotic
acid. If the first equivalence point was to be used, the ratio of acid to NaOH was 1:1. If the
second equivalence point was used in the calculations, the ratio became 1:2 as now a second
set of NaOH molecules reacted with the acid to dissociate the second hydrogen ion. The
titration curve also showed the pKa values of the acid. This happened at the half-equivalence
point where half of the acid was dissociated to its conjugate base (again, because of the diprotic
properties of the acid, this happens twice on the curve). The Henderson Hasselbalch equation
pH = pKa+log(A-/HA)
shows that at the half-equivalence point, the pKa value equaled the pH and was visually
represented by the flattest part of the graphs.
Discussion:
The titration graph showed that the data was consistent with the methodology and proved to be
an precise execution of the procedure and followed the expected shape. One possible source of
error was the actual mass of the acid solid. While transferring the dust from the weigh boat to
the solution, some remained in the weigh boat this could have altered the molar mass
calculations and shifted the final the final mass lighter than actual.
The Vernier pH method was definitely a much more concrete method of interpreting the results.
It was possible to see which addition of NaOH gave the greatest increase in pH ( greatest 1st
derivative of the titration graph). The relying solely on the indicator color would make it very
difficult to judge at which precise point the color shifted most, as the shift was a lot more gradual
compared to the precise numbers. This may have been a more reliable method if there was a
de.
ACC 403- ASSIGNMENT 2 RUBRIC!!!
Points: 280
Assignment 2: Audit Planning and Control
Criteria
UnacceptableBelow 60% F
Meets Minimum Expectations60-69% D
Fair70-79% C
Proficient80-89% B
Exemplary90-100% A
1. Outline the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Based upon the type of company selected, provide specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit or incompletely outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Did not submit or incompletely provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
Insufficiently outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Insufficiently provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
Partially outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Partially provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
Satisfactorily outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Satisfactorily provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
Thoroughly outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Thoroughly provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
2. Examine at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests to perform. Identify the accounts that you would test, and select at least three (3) analytical procedures that you would use in your audit.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit or incompletely examined at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests to perform. Did not submit or incompletely identified the accounts that you would test; did not submit or incompletely selected at least three (3) analytical procedures that you would use in your audit.
Insufficiently examined at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests to perform. Insufficiently identified the accounts that you would test; insufficiently selected at least three (3) analytical procedures that you would use in your audit.
Partially examined at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests .
ACC 601 Managerial Accounting Group Case 3 (160 points) .docxmakdul
ACC 601 Managerial Accounting
Group Case 3 (160 points)
Instructions:
1. As a group, complete the following activities in good form. Use excel or
word only. Provide all supporting calculations to show how you arrived at
your numbers
2. Add only the names of group members who participated in the completion
of this assignment.
3. Submit only one copy of your completed work via Moodle. Do not send it to
me by email.
4. Due: No later than the last day of Module 7. Please note that your professor
has the right to change the due date of this assignment.
Part A: Capital Budgeting Decisions
Chee Company has gathered the following data on a proposed investment project:
Investment required in equipment ............. $240,000
Annual cash inflows .................................. $50,000
Salvage value ............................................ $0
Life of the investment ............................... 8 years
Required rate of return .............................. 10%
Assets will be depreciated using straight
line depreciation method
Required:
Using the net present value and the internal rate of return methods, is this a good investment?
Part B: Master Budget
You have just been hired as a new management trainee by Earrings Unlimited, a distributor of
earrings to various retail outlets located in shopping malls across the country. In the past, the
company has done very little in the way of budgeting and at certain times of the year has
experienced a shortage of cash. Since you are well trained in budgeting, you have decided to
prepare a master budget for the upcoming second quarter. To this end, you have worked with
accounting and other areas to gather the information assembled below.
The company sells many styles of earrings, but all are sold for the same price—$10 per pair. Actual
sales of earrings for the last three months and budgeted sales for the next six months follow (in pairs
of earrings):
January (actual) 20,000 June (budget) 50,000
February (actual) 26,000 July (budget) 30,000
March (actual) 40,000 August (budget) 28,000
April (budget) 65,000 September (budget) 25,000
May (budget) 100,000
The concentration of sales before and during May is due to Mother’s Day. Sufficient inventory should
be on hand at the end of each month to supply 40% of the earrings sold in the following month.
Suppliers are paid $4 for a pair of earrings. One-half of a month’s purchases is paid for in the month
of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. All sales are on credit. Only 20% of a
month’s sales are collected in the month of sale. An additional 70% is collected in the following
month, and the remaining 10% is collected in the second month following sale. Bad debts have been
negligible.
Monthly operating expenses for the company are given below:
Variable:
Sales commissions 4 % of sales
.
Academic Integrity A Letter to My Students[1] Bill T.docxmakdul
Academic Integrity:
A Letter to My Students[1]
Bill Taylor
Professor of Political Science
Oakton Community College
Des Plaines, IL 60016
[email protected]
Here at the beginning of the semester I want to say something to you about academic integrity.[2]
I’m deeply convinced that integrity is an essential part of any true educational experience, integrity on
my part as a faculty member and integrity on your part as a student.
To take an easy example, would you want to be operated on by a doctor who cheated his way through
medical school? Or would you feel comfortable on a bridge designed by an engineer who cheated her
way through engineering school. Would you trust your tax return to an accountant who copied his
exam answers from his neighbor?
Those are easy examples, but what difference does it make if you as a student or I as a faculty member
violate the principles of academic integrity in a political science course, especially if it’s not in your
major?
For me, the answer is that integrity is important in this course precisely because integrity is important in
all areas of life. If we don’t have integrity in the small things, if we find it possible to justify plagiarism or
cheating or shoddy work in things that don’t seem important, how will we resist doing the same in areas
that really do matter, in areas where money might be at stake, or the possibility of advancement, or our
esteem in the eyes of others?
Personal integrity is not a quality we’re born to naturally. It’s a quality of character we need to nurture,
and this requires practice in both meanings of that word (as in practice the piano and practice a
profession). We can only be a person of integrity if we practice it every day.
What does that involve for each of us in this course? Let’s find out by going through each stage in the
course. As you’ll see, academic integrity basically requires the same things of you as a student as it
requires of me as a teacher.
I. Preparation for Class
What Academic Integrity Requires of Me in This Area
With regard to coming prepared for class, the principles of academic integrity require that I come having
done the things necessary to make the class a worthwhile educational experience for you. This requires
that I:
reread the text (even when I’ve written it myself),
clarify information I might not be clear about,
prepare the class with an eye toward what is current today (that is, not simply rely on past
notes), and
plan the session so that it will make it worth your while to be there.
What Academic Integrity Requires of You in This Area
With regard to coming prepared for class, the principles of academic integrity suggest that you have a
responsibility to yourself, to me, and to the other students to do the things necessary to put yourself in
a position to make fruitful contributions to class discussion. This will require you to:
read the text before.
Access the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Nu.docxmakdul
Access the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s)
“Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity: Data, Trends and Maps”
database. Choose a state other than your home state and compare their health status and associated behaviors. What behaviors lead to the current obesity status?
Initial discussion post should be approximately 300 words. Any sources used should be cited in APA format.
.
According to DSM 5 This patient had very many symptoms that sugg.docxmakdul
According to DSM 5 This patient had very many symptoms that suggested Major Depressive Disorder.
Objective(s)
Analyze psychometric properties of assessment tools
Evaluate appropriate use of assessment tools in psychotherapy
Compare assessment tools used in psychotherapy
.
Acceptable concerts include professional orchestras, soloists, jazz,.docxmakdul
Acceptable concerts include professional orchestras, soloists, jazz, Broadway musicals and instrumental or vocal ensembles, and comparable college or community groups performing music relevant to the content of this class. (Optionally, either your concert report
or
your concert review - but not both unless advance permission is given - may be based on a concert of non-western music selected from events on the concert list.)
Acceptable concerts include the following:
• Symphony orchestras • Concert bands and wind ensembles • Chamber Music (string quartets, brass and woodwind quintets, etc.) • Solo recitals (piano, voice, etc.) • Choral concerts • Early music concerts • Non-western music • Some jazz concerts • Opera• Broadway Musicals• Flamenco• Ballet• Tango
Assignment Format
The following are required on the concert review assignment and, thus, may affect your grade.
• Must be typed• Must be double-spaced• Must be between
2 and 4 pages
in length
not including the cover sheet
.• Must use conventional size and formatting of text - e.g. 10-12 point serif or sans serif fonts with normal margins. • Must include the printed program from the concert and/or your ticket stubs. Photocopies are unacceptable. (Contact me at least 24 hours before due date if any materials are unavailable.)• All materials (text, program, ticket stub) must be
stapled
together securely. Folded corners, paper clips, etc. instead of staples will not be accepted.• Careful editing, proofreading, and spelling are expected, although minor errors will not affect your grade.
Papers that do not follow these format guidelines may be returned for resubmission, and late penalties will apply.
Concert Review Assignment Content
I. Cover Sheet:
Include the following on a cover sheet attached to the front of your review:
• Title or other description of the event/performers you heard, along with the date and location of the performance. For example:
New World Symphony Orchestra
1258 Lincoln Road
Saturday, June 5, 2013
Lincoln Road Theater, Miami Beach
• Your name, assignment submission date, course. For example:
Pat Romero
October 31, 2013
Humanities 1020 MWF 8:05 a.m.
II. Descriptions
The main body of the concert review should include brief discussions of
three of the
pieces
in the concert you attend. In most cases, a single paragraph for each piece should be sufficient, although you may wish to break descriptions of longer pieces into separate short paragraphs, one per movement.
Your description of each piece (song) should include:
• The title of the piece and the composer's name if possible, as listed in the concert program.• A brief description of your reaction to the piece. For example:
When the piece started I thought it was going to be slow and boring, but the faster section in the first movement made it more exciting. A really great flute solo full of fast and high notes in the third movement caught my attention. I'm not sure, but I thought that som.
ACA was passed in 2010, under the presidency of Barack Obama. Pr.docxmakdul
ACA was passed in 2010, under the presidency of Barack Obama. Prior to this new act, there were plenty of votes that did not agree with the notion of accessible insurance. Before 2010, The private sector had been given coverage in such a way that Milstead and Short (2019) called it sickness insurance; meaning companies will risk incurring medical expenses as long as it was balanced by healthy people. They were doing so by excluding people that had pre-existing conditions, becoming a very solvent business (Milstead & Short, 2019). After ACA was passed that was no longer the case. When President Trump came into term he did so by bringing his own healthcare agenda, which attempted to repeal ACA, but ultimately failed to come up with a replacement.
In 2016, the Republican's party platform was to repeal ACA, while continuing Medicare and Medicaid, but on the other hand, democrats put down that Obamacare is a step towards the goals of universal health care, and that this was just the beginning (Physicians for a National Health Program, n.d.). As for the cost analysis of repealing the Affordable Care Act, this would increase the number of uninsured people by 23 million, and it will cost about 350 billion through 2027, as well as creating costly coverage provisions to replace it (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, 2017).
(2 references required)
.
Access the FASB website. Once you login, click the FASB Accounting S.docxmakdul
Access the FASB website. Once you login, click the FASB Accounting Standards Codification link. Review the materials in the FASB Codification, especially the links on the left side column. Next, write a 1-page memo to a friend introducing and explaining this new accounting research resource that you have found. Provide at least one APA citation to the FASB Codification and reference that citation using the APA guidelines.
.
Academic Paper Overview This performance task was intended to asse.docxmakdul
This document provides an overview of an academic paper performance task intended to assess students' ability to conduct scholarly research, articulate an evidence-based argument, and effectively communicate a conclusion. Specifically, the performance task evaluates students' capacity to generate a focused research question, explore relationships between multiple scholarly works, develop and support their own argument using relevant evidence, and integrate sources while distinguishing their own voice.
Academic Research Team Project PaperCOVID-19 Open Research Datas.docxmakdul
Academic Research Team Project Paper
COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge (CORD-19)
An AI challenge with AI2, CZI, MSR, Georgetown, NIH & The White House
(1) FULL-LENGTH PROJECT
Dataset Description
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the White House and a coalition of leading research groups have prepared the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19). CORD-19 is a resource of over 44,000 scholarly articles, including over 29,000 with full text, about COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and related corona viruses. This freely available dataset is provided to the global research community to apply recent advances in natural language processing and other AI techniques to generate new insights in support of the ongoing fight against this infectious disease. There is a growing urgency for these approaches because of the rapid acceleration in new coronavirus literature, making it difficult for the medical research community to keep up.
Call to Action
We are issuing a call to action to the world's artificial intelligence experts to develop text and data mining tools that can help the medical community develop answers to high priority scientific questions. The CORD-19 dataset represents the most extensive machine-readable coronavirus literature collection available for data mining to date. This allows the worldwide AI research community the opportunity to apply text and data mining approaches to find answers to questions within, and connect insights across, this content in support of the ongoing COVID-19 response efforts worldwide. There is a growing urgency for these approaches because of the rapid increase in coronavirus literature, making it difficult for the medical community to keep up.
A list of our initial key questions can be found under the
Tasks
section of this dataset. These key scientific questions are drawn from the NASEM’s SCIED (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats)
research topics
and the World Health Organization’s
R&D Blueprint
for COVID-19.
Many of these questions are suitable for text mining, and we encourage researchers to develop text mining tools to provide insights on these questions.
In this project, you will follow your own interests to create a portfolio worthy single-frame viz or multi-frame data story that will be shared in your presentation. You will use all the skills taught in this course to complete this project step-by-step, with guidance from your instructors along the way. You will first create a project proposal to identify your goals for the project, including the question you wish to answer or explore with data. You will then find data that will provide the information you are seeking. You will then import that data into Tableau and prepare it for analysis. Next, you will create a dashboard that will allow you to explore the data in-depth and identify meaningful insights. You will then give structure .
AbstractVoice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an advanced t.docxmakdul
Abstract
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an advanced telecommunication technology which transfers the voice/video over
high speed network that provides advantages of flexibility, reliability and cost efficient advanced telecommunication
features. Still the issues related to security are averting many organizations to accept VoIP cloud environment due to
security threats, holes or vulnerabilities. So, the novel secured framework is absolutely necessary to prevent all kind of
VoIP security issues. This paper points out the existing VoIP cloud architecture and various security attacks and issues
in the existing framework. It also presents the defense mechanisms to prevent the attacks and proposes a new security
framework called Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) using video watermarking and extraction technique and Liveness
Voice Detection (LVD) technique with biometric features such as face and voice. IPSs updated with new LVD features
protect the VoIP services not only from attacks but also from misuses.
A Comprehensive Survey of Security Issues and
Defense Framework for VoIP Cloud
Ashutosh Satapathy* and L. M. Jenila Livingston
School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, India;
[email protected], [email protected]
Keywords: Defense Mechanisms, Liveness Voice Detection, VoIP Cloud, Voice over Internet Protocol, VoIP Security Issues
1. Introduction
The rapid progress of VoIP over traditional services is
led to a situation that is common to many innovations
and new technologies such as VoIP cloud and peer to
peer services like Skype, Google Hangout etc. VoIP is the
technology that supports sending voice (and video) over
an Internet protocol-based network1,2. This is completely
different than the public circuit-switched telephone net-
work. Circuit switching network allocates resources to
each individual call and path is permanent throughout
the call from start to end. Traditional telephony services
are provided by the protocols/components such as SS7, T
carriers, Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), the Public
Switch Telephone Network (PSTN), dial up, local loops
and anything under International Telecommunication
Union. IP networks are based on packet switching and
each packet follows different path, has its own header and
is forwarded separately by routers. VoIP network can be
constructed in various ways by using both proprietary
protocols and protocols based on open standards.
1.1 VoIP Layer Architecture
VoIP communication system typically consist of a front
end platform (soft-phone, PBX, gateway, call manager),
back end platform (server, CPU, storage, memory, net-
work) and intermediate platforms such as VoIP protocols,
database, authentication server, web server, operating sys-
tems etc. It is mainly divided into five layers as shown in
Figure1.
1.2 VoIP Cloud Architecture
VoIP cloud is the framework for delivering telephony
services in which resourc.
This study examined a problem, used a particular method to do so, and found results that were interpreted. It concluded by recommending future research on the topic.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
PURPOSE OF NEGOTIATION4Theodore HickmanInstructor Joh.docx
1. PURPOSE OF NEGOTIATION
4
Theodore Hickman
Instructor: Johnny Maddox
Unit 3 IP
SCM340 1703A-01
16 July 2017
Power and leverage
Sources of power
What leverage or power can people apply to achieve their goals?
The buyer of the plastics has power considering that it’s the
company that is need of the materials. In other words, the fact
that the business can decide to buy or not proves that it has the
power to make its choices. Therefore, it has the power to
bargain with the use of its financial capability. Moreover, the
company has the authority to purchase the goods from another
firm based on the fact that it is not mandatory to buy from the
same firm that it has entered into the negotiation process. Also,
the supplier has power considering that it is in possession of the
goods that are required for the manufacturing process.
Therefore, if it decides not to sell the goods, the buyer will face
difficulties when it comes to where to acquire the goods. Also,
the supplier’s power can be earned through the provision of
high-quality raw materials that are in a position to attain the
production of products that are of the highest quality possible.
Power and influence Define power and influence in the
2. negotiation process.
Power refers to the ability to influence parties in the bargaining
process to do according to your will (Zartman, & Rubin, 2000).
In other words, power is the activity by which one party can
make use of its knowledge and bargaining skills to influence the
other parties to do what it wants. For instance, where the
supplier decides to convince the buyer that the goods are of
good quality and assure the buyer that the goods are going to
him best so as to end up purchasing the goods. The word
influence in the negotiation process refers to the situation by
which people are not forced to do something. It is the use of the
available information and knowledge to convince the one party
to do something at their own will without having to use force.
Describe at least two sources of power and influence in
negotiations.
Some of the sources of power include the position at which the
organization is placed. For instance, the supplier can be holding
the top position in the industry that allows the other firms to
believe that they products are of better quality than any other
organization in the same industry. Also, knowledge is another
source of influence and power that arises with the initiation of
the same knowledge to win over something. People gain
knowledge that can be used to act as power during the
negotiation processes by researching and going through a wide
variety of data so as to acquire the statistics and facts that are
related to a particular situation.
Walk-away alternative
Best alternative to negotiated agreement (BATNA)
3. BATNA suggests that the organizations should go for the choice
that provides the highest level of benefits when agreement
becomes a problem (Winkler, 2006). It is required that the
parties should adopt the best choice that they will agree. During
negotiations, it is necessary that the parties have to come up
with different suggestions and ideas that can be used to perform
the task in hand. Alternatives come from the two parties. In
other words, no specific party has the mandate of selecting the
best option that should be adopted. It results in a situation
where the parties involved have to intimately understand their
options and take the time to analyze them. It is because
different options contribute to different results. Therefore, it is
required that the parties should take the time to research the
options based on their outcomes once adopted. Once the choices
have been investigated, it becomes the responsibility of the
parties to rank the choices according to their outcomes
beginning with the one that has the highest results possible.
Therefore, the company is expected to select the prices that
when adopted will allow the two companies to benefit and
continually appreciate their relationship.
Discuss options and alternatives to agreements.
Some of the options that are available when conducting
negotiations include the acceptance of the different choices and
suggestions that are raised. In other words, the parties can
decide to accept what they have discussed together considering
that the choice is of great value to them. Also, the parties have
the mandate of rejecting the offers and decisions that are raised
during the negotiation process. Rejection is a walk away
alternative that suggests that the party that does not feel to
appreciate the decision can walk away by rejecting the offer.
Negotiation processes do not force any of the parties to accept
all the offers that are raised. All the parties have the right to
4. forget about the offer and search for other better choices.
Discuss 2–3 tough or hardball negotiation tactics.
Some of the hardball negotiation tactics include the commitment
tactics that arise when opponents tend to provide extreme
demands that are known to do away with one's expectations
(Gelfand, & Brett, 2004). It is required that one should be ready
to support his claims and do not all the other opponent to use
his aggressiveness to win over him. The other tactic is the take-
it-or-leave-it offers which are meant to prove that negotiations
are limited. Therefore, it is necessary that one takes the time
view the constituents of the offer and not the demand.
References
Gelfand, M. & Brett, J. (2004). The handbook of negotiation
and culture. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Business Books.
Winkler, K. (2006). Negotiations with Asymmetrical
Distribution of Power: Conclusions from Dispute Resolution in
Network Industries. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.
Zartman, I. & Rubin, J. (2000). Power and Negotiation. Ann
Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
PURPOSE OF NEGOTIATION
1
Theodore Hickman
Instructor: Johnny Maddox
Unit 2 IP
SCM340 1703A-01
11 July 2017
Negotiation strategy
5. Pertinent information
It is evident that for the negotiation process to turn out
successful, written communication should be adopted. Written
communication has been identified with different advantages
that consist of ensuring that the parties take their time to
evaluate the best arguments that they should post. Also, it is
probable that with the initiation of the written communication,
the parties will be placed in a better position to maintain an
effective communication process (Gelfand, & Brett, 2004).
Therefore, effective communication will allow the parties to
control and maintain their relationship in a manner that they
will all be willing to comment on other party’s suggestions and
ideas.
Relationships and interdependence
Good relationships are of great assistance to the parties. It is
because if they are in a position to relate well, the companies
will ensure that the decisions that are made are bound to benefit
each side equally. In other words, the creation of good
relationships is meant to allow the parties to act fairly and
equally in a manner that will allow them to resolve their
differences. Therefore, regardless the fact that each party is
focused on benefiting from the negotiation process, they need to
be interrelated as they work towards coming up with the best
decision that will meet their interests.
Discuss the importance of relationships in negotiations.
Therefore, it is made clear that good relationships are
advantageous when conducting the negotiation processes. The
6. primary reason for this is that the good relationships can be
used by the parties to resolve any conflicts that may have
occurred in the past (Gosselin, 2007). Also, negotiations are
effective when each party allows the other party to make their
suggestions without having to limit them. Also, good
relationships provide that each party has equal power and rights
when it comes making decisions. Therefore, good relationships
allow the parties to take the time to discuss and agree on the
best solution that will result in positive effects for both parties.
Describe at least two tactics for managing conflict in
negotiations.
Conflict management refers to the situation by which parties
make sure that they do not end up fighting and disagreeing as
they decide on the best choice to select. The best tactics that
can be used to eliminate cases of conflicts in negotiations
include allowing each party to take part in the decision-making
process. The parties should agree that each party has the right to
leave if it does not agree to the terms and conditions that have
been set. It allows the parties to be assured that the negotiation
process does not benefit one side but will of assistance to the
two sides. Conflicts can also be reduced through the struggle of
forming good relationships between the parties.
Interests, desires, and motivations
My party’s motivation is to ensure that the materials to be used
in the manufacturing process are acquired at the lowest price
possible. It is determined to ensure that the cost of production is
reduced. The other party’s motivation is to ensure that the
plastics are used at a price that will help it to earn high profits.
In other words, the other party is determined on ensuring that it
earns high revenue from the sale of the plastics. The other party
7. is obliged to reject an offer to sell the materials at a low price
since that would suggest that it will make a low profit.
Strategy and tactics
Strategy and tactics refer to the methods and plans that are put
in place to ensure that success is earned. The strategy that can
be used is to provide information to the two parties that the best
way to conduct the negotiation process is by understanding that
each party has to benefit. In other words, the parties should be
willing to drop their interests and work on fulfilling a common
goal. The parties should begin by taking note of all the
available choices and work together to choose the best course of
action. Also, they parties should select the prices and
commission that are reasonable.
Compare and contrast distributive and integrative negotiations.
Both distributive and integrative negotiations are similar
because they are meant to come with the best outcome when
conducting a negotiation process. They are both influenced by
the desired goal of the negotiator. However, they are different
because distributive negotiation occurs at a specific time while
integrative negotiation is bound to occur as a continuous
process. For instance, distributive negotiation is used by people
when seeking for a discount during a business transaction while
integrative negotiation is used to allow children to sleep at a
specific time daily.
Discuss at least two integrative negotiation skills or tactics.
Integrative negotiation is used in a situation where it is possible
to attain a better outcome when people work together than when
8. they work alone (Raiffa, Richardson, & Metcalfe, 2002).
Integrative tactics include taking the time to evaluate one’s
interests and the other party’s interests so as to know how to
work together. Also, it requires the sharing of information and
data between the parties and making sure that they remain
honest with each other. Moreover, one party should be willing
to offer solutions that will provide the most value possible to
the other party. The different parties should understand that it is
not the end of the relationships and that they will have more
issues to handle in the future that require them to assist one
another.
References
Gelfand, M. & Brett, J. (2004). The handbook of negotiation
and culture. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Business Books.
Gosselin, T. (2007). Practical negotiating: tools, tactics, &
techniques. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons.
Raiffa, H., Richardson, J. & Metcalfe, D. (2002). Negotiation
analysis: the science and art of collaborative decision making.
Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Negotiation Strategy Planning Template
Purpose of Negotiation
(Price, Commission, Price Improvement, etc.)
Characteristics of negotiations
Some of the features that are involved in the negotiation
process include the presence of a minimum of two parties, the
parties always have different goals that they are determined to
attain, and the goals by each of the party are meant to conflict
with the other party’s goals. Also, the different parties are
ascertained that they will manage to come up with a particular
outcome that will satisfy their needs.
Discuss the purpose of negotiations in the supply chain.
Some of the reasons for conducting negotiations
concerning the supply chain are so as to make sure that the
parties come up with an amicable solution that is related to the
9. price of the different commodities (Dudek, 2004). Also,
different parties tend to come into negotiations as a way of
discussing the commission that should be offered when a certain
amount of goods is purchased. Moreover, the negotiations are
meant to provide an opportunity to improve the price preceding
that includes understanding how to improve the quality of goods
so as to increase the prices.
Discuss at least two situations where negotiation is appropriate.
Negotiation can be adopted when trying to educate workers
on the best ways to improve the performance of the business.
The negotiation process is meant to help the organization to
obtain various strategies that can be involved in the current
operations to acquire improved performance. Also, it can be
used when buyers and suppliers are discussing the prices of the
different commodities. Therefore, the negotiation can help the
buyer to request for a commission with the purchase of different
goods.
Discuss at least two common negotiation situations.
Negotiations are common when organizations are trying to
discuss and choose the best individuals for the vacant positions.
The management team enters into negotiations processes to
select the best individuals that are fit for different duties in the
firms (Monczka, Handfield, Giunipero, & Giunipero, 2015). The
main idea behind the negotiation activities is to be in a position
to go through the applicants’ qualifications and abilities. It
helps the firm to choose the highly-skilled professionals that
will act appropriately.
Desired outcome
(identify your organizations goals and objectives)
Discuss the desired outcomes of your organization.
With the negotiation process in place, the organization will
manage to come to an agreement with the supplier of the
plastics. If the organization takes the time to plan for the
negotiation process, it will make sure that the plastics are sold
at a reduced price. Therefore, it will allow the firm to acquire
10. the goods at a lower price suggesting that it will incur increased
levels of profits. Also, effective negotiation processes will
allow the organization to build good relationships with the
supplier. With this in place, the organization will always be in a
position to acquire a continued and regular supply of the raw
materials. It will, therefore, manage to attain a continuous
production activity enabling it to meet the market demand.
Discuss the importance of identifying the organization's goals
and objectives as a part of negotiation planning.
The identification of the organizational goals is essential
when it comes to the alignment of the activities associated with
the negotiation process (Siedel, 2014). In other words, the
identification of the organizational objectives allows the
management team to be in a position to lay down the different
strategies that will help it to meet the objectives. With the
implementation of objectives, an effective team is selected to
ensure that the manufacturing process turns out to achieve the
desired results. Therefore, organizational goals and objectives
have different advantages to the firm.
Define and describe the term most desirable outcome (MDO).
The most desirable outcome is the specific outcome that is
the most important to the organization when it decides to
implement different strategies. For instance, when an
organization decides to conduct the negotiation process, there is
what drives it to carry out the different activities. What the
organization intends to achieve from the negotiation process is
what is called the most desirable outcome. It is because it is the
main target of the firm and with the attainment of the goal; the
organization can be termed to be successful. Therefore, for this
case, the most desired outcome from the negotiation process can
be improved price decisions.
Pertinent information
(What facts do I have for both parties that support my
proposal?)
Pertinent information
11. It is evident that for the negotiation process to turn out
successful, written communication should be adopted. Written
communication has been identified with different advantages
that consist of ensuring that the parties take their time to
evaluate the best arguments that they should post. Also, it is
probable that with the initiation of the written communication,
the parties will be placed in a better position to maintain an
effective communication process (Gelfand, & Brett, 2004).
Therefore, effective communication will allow the parties to
control and maintain their relationship in a manner that they
will all be willing to comment on other party’s suggestions and
ideas.
Relationships and interdependence
Good relationships are of great assistance to the parties. It
is because if they are in a position to relate well, the companies
will ensure that the decisions that are made are bound to benefit
each side equally. In other words, the creation of good
relationships is meant to allow the parties to act fairly and
equally in a manner that will allow them to resolve their
differences. Therefore, regardless the fact that each party is
focused on benefiting from the negotiation process, they need to
be interrelated as they work towards coming up with the best
decision that will meet their interests.
Discuss the importance of relationships in negotiations.
Therefore, it is made clear that good relationships are
advantageous when conducting the negotiation processes. The
primary reason for this is that the good relationships can be
used by the parties to resolve any conflicts that may have
occurred in the past (Gosselin, 2007). Also, negotiations are
effective when each party allows the other party to make their
suggestions without having to limit them. Also, good
relationships provide that each party has equal power and rights
when it comes making decisions. Therefore, good relationships
allow the parties to take the time to discuss and agree on the
best solution that will result in positive effects for both parties.
Describe at least two tactics for managing conflict in
12. negotiations.
Conflict management refers to the situation by which
parties make sure that they do not end up fighting and
disagreeing as they decide on the best choice to select. The best
tactics that can be used to eliminate cases of conflicts in
negotiations include allowing each party to take part in the
decision-making process. The parties should agree that each
party has the right to leave if it does not agree to the terms and
conditions that have been set. It allows the parties to be assured
that the negotiation process does not benefit one side but will of
assistance to the two sides. Conflicts can also be reduced
through the struggle of forming good relationships between the
parties.
Interests/desires/motivations
(What are my party’s motivations? What are the other party’s
motivations? What do I anticipate the other party will object
to?)
Interests, desires, and motivations
My party’s motivation is to ensure that the materials to be
used in the manufacturing process are acquired at the lowest
price possible. It is determined to ensure that the cost of
production is reduced. The other party’s motivation is to ensure
that the plastics are used at a price that will help it to earn high
profits. In other words, the other party is determined on
ensuring that it earns high revenue from the sale of the plastics.
The other party is obliged to reject an offer to sell the materials
at a low price since that would suggest that it will make a low
profit.
Strategy and tactics
Strategy and tactics refer to the methods and plans that are
put in place to ensure that success is earned. The strategy that
can be used is to provide information to the two parties that the
best way to conduct the negotiation process is by understanding
that each party has to benefit. In other words, the parties should
be willing to drop their interests and work on fulfilling a
13. common goal. The parties should begin by taking note of all the
available choices and work together to choose the best course of
action. Also, they parties should select the prices and
commission that are reasonable.
Compare and contrast distributive and integrative negotiations.
Both distributive and integrative negotiations are similar
because they are meant to come with the best outcome when
conducting a negotiation process. They are both influenced by
the desired goal of the negotiator. However, they are different
because distributive negotiation occurs at a specific time while
integrative negotiation is bound to occur as a continuous
process. For instance, distributive negotiation is used by people
when seeking for a discount during a business transaction while
integrative negotiation is used to allow children to sleep at a
specific time daily.
Discuss at least two integrative negotiation skills or tactics.
Integrative negotiation is used in a situation where it is
possible to attain a better outcome when people work together
than when they work alone (Raiffa, Richardson, & Metcalfe,
2002). Integrative tactics include taking the time to evaluate
one’s interests and the other party’s interests so as to know how
to work together. Also, it requires the sharing of information
and data between the parties and making sure that they remain
honest with each other. Moreover, one party should be willing
to offer solutions that will provide the most value possible to
the other party. The different parties should understand that it is
not the end of the relationships and that they will have more
issues to handle in the future that require them to assist one
another.
Sources of Power
(What is my power? What is the other party’s power?)
Walk-Away Alternative
(If we can’t come to agreement, what then?)
Ethical Considerations
(What are the ethical pitfalls or morally ambiguous issues)
14. Negotiation Team
(Roles & Responsibilities)
Recommended Negotiation Strategy
(identify your preferred Negotiation Strategy)
5