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This document discusses engineered landfills for hazardous waste disposal. It describes the components of engineered landfills which include a bund, basal lining system, side lining system and top capping to protect the environment. Geo-synthetics like geo-membranes and geo-textiles are used in landfill construction for barriers and reinforcement. Reinforced landfill bunds allow for steeper slopes and require less space compared to unreinforced bunds.
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- 2. Waste • Any material which is unused and unwanted can be defined as waste. Solid Waste • Municipal Solid Wastes • Industrial Hazardous Waste • Bio-Medical Waste(from hospital) • E-Waste (Electronic waste) KLUniversity
- 3. Disposal Methods of Hazardous Waste Recycling Incineration Engineered Landfills Pyrolysis KLUniversity
- 4. Engineered Landfills • Engineered landfill is a land disposal site, which is designed to protect from environmental pollution which differs from traditional landfills(generally open dump). KLUniversity
- 5. Cross section of Hazardous engineered landfills KLUniversity
- 6. Components of Engineered Landfills • Bund • Basal lining system • Side lining system • Top capping KLUniversity
- 7. Methods of Constructing Landfills Area landfills Valley landfills Sloped landfills Trench landfills KLUniversity
- 8. Geo-synthetics in Engineered Landfills • Low leakage barriers for base liners. • Reinforcement for cover soils • Low infiltration landfill caps • Seepage interception drains around waste cells • Erosion control of rehabilitated landfill sites. KLUniversity
- 9. Installation of HDPE Geo Membranes Joining of geo membrane Hot wedge welding Extrusion welding Testing of seams Non destructive testing • Air Pressure test and Vacuum box test. Destructive testing • Shear test and peel test. KLUniversity
- 10. Wedge welding Extrusion welding Air pressure Vacuum test KLUniversity
- 11. Sheer And Peel Test Equipment Installation Of Geo Textile KLUniversity
- 12. Reinforcement for Embankments Mainly two methods are followed for reinforcement to embankments: Soil Nailing Geo grids KLUniversity
- 13. Soil Nailing Geo Grid KLUniversity
- 14. Material Properties • Liquid limit : 23% • Plastic limit : 18% • IS classification symbol : SC-SM • Optimum Moisture Content(OMC) : 11.4% • Maximum Dry Density(MDD) : 2.1% • Cohesion(C) : 12 Kg/m3 • Angle of internal friction will differs to unreinforced(350 )and reinforced bunds( 360 ) KLUniversity
- 16. Comparison between Unreinforced and Reinforced Bunds Unreinforced Bunds Reinforced Bunds Minimum inner slope of embankment 1V:0.65H 1V:0.56H Outer slope of embankment for stability against sliding 1V:1.2H 1V:0.68H Base width of outer slope of embankment 4.8m 2.8m Total area of landfill bund 53.6 m2 49.6m2 Ultimate bearing capacity of subsoil supporting bund 861.06 Kn/m2 980.71 Kn/m2 KLUniversity
Editor's Notes
- Waste, commonly used word in our day to day life and we neglect it, but this too plays more importance in our life So the standard definition of waste goes like Any material which is unused and unwanted is defined as waste. And this is furtherly classified such as Solid waste, liquid waste, gaseous waste, bio degradable waste, and bulky waste. Among these, percentage of solid waste is more when compared to all other and This solid waste which is furtherly classified into following ways Municipal solid wastes, hazardous solid waste, Bio-medical solid waste, E-Waste. Municipal solid waste i.e., kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits. Bio medical waste i.e, from hospitals like old medicines, syringes, saline bottles and etc. E-Waste i.e, the old or unused electronic goods. Hazardous waste which is from industries and factories. The growth in industrial and pharmaceutical sectors has enormously increased industrial hazardous waste in the recent years.
- And the disposal methods of the waste are as follows recycling, incineration, pyrolysis, Portland cement, engineered landfills. Recycling, when heavy metals go through proper treatment these could be used as pavement filling material. Incineration, that involves the combustion of organic waste and which converts to fuel gases and ash. Pyrolysis, it is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures. Portland cement, alternate fuels
- Engineered landfills, is a land disposal site which is designed to protect environment pollution which differs from traditional landfill, the traditional landfill which is a open dump where as engineered landfill we provide top capping and also in traditional landfill no proper collection system for leachate .
- So the components of engineered landfill are as shown Bund, basal lining system, side lining system, top capping Bund, is constructed to encase the area where the waste can be dumped Basal lining system, which is used to protect the subgrade from the leachate which invariably generates from waste Side lining system, similar to the basal lining systems. Top capping, is a containment technology that forms a barrier between the contaminated media and surface, thereby shielding humans and the environment from the harmful effects. So next comes the methods of constructing engineered landfills Area landfills, trench landfills, valley landfills and slopped landfills
- So what makes engineered landfills different from traditional landfills is the application of geo synthetics. Like low leakage of leachate, reinforcement for cover soils, low infiltration landfill caps, seepage interception, erosion control.
- and these geo membranes are connected using wedge welding machine and extrusion welding machine and there are two testing methods non destructive and destructive methods non- destructive methods such as air pressure test and vacuum test Destructive testing methods such as shear and peel test.
- So as of now all the landfills designs are mostly concentrated on basal lining systems, top capping, drainage systems and bunds are not reinforced but on providing reinforcement to side bunds we can observe many changes like soil stability, increase in encase area, increase of slope stability.. And generally 2 methods are followed in reinforcing the bunds are soil nailing and geo grids. Soil nailing is a construction technique used to reinforce soil to make it more stable and it is used for slopes, retaining walls, excavations etc In this technique, soil is reinforced with slender elements such as reinforcing bars which are called as nails. These reinforcing bars are installed into pre-drilled holes and then grouted. These nails are installed at an inclination of 10 to 20 degrees with vertical. And there are 5 types of soil nailing such as Grouted soil nailing, driven nails, self drilling nails, jet grouted soil nails, launched soil nails. Geo grids