public policy

1. Policy Process:
Policy formulation
and
Implementation approaches

3. AGRICULTURAL POLICY
- Agricultural policy describes a set of laws
relating to domestic agriculture and imports of
foreign agricultural products. Governments usually
implement agricultural policies with the goal of
achieving a specific outcome in the domestic
agricultural product markets.
3

4. PUBLIC POLICY
- Public policy is the principled guide to
action taken by the administrative, executive
branches of the state with regard to a class of
issues, in a manner consistent with law and
institutional customs.
4

5. - a decision making process and involves
identification and analysis of a range of
actions in response to the public concerns.
Public Policy Formulation

6. A public Policy is generally formulated
through political channels by policy making
organizations; interest groups, government
offices, legislatures, executives and
judiciaries through notices, directives,
regulations, executive orders, Laws,
ordinances and decrees and administrative
and court decisions.
Policy Formulation

7. BASIC ELEMENTS
OF POLICY
MANUEL 2008

18.  Identification/ Preparation: Knowing issue
 Planning: resources, time, logistics
 Contact: stakeholders, opinion leaders
 Knowing Pulse: Affected communities
 Positivism in attitude: Emphasis on deliveries
 Participation: Involve as many people
possible
 Publicity: Sharing through media
 Persistence: Continuity in efforts
Steps in Public Policy Formulation

19.  Involve all activities designed to carry out the
policies enacted
These activities may include
• creation of new organizations,
• departments agencies,
• bureaus
or
assignments of new responsibilities to existing
organizations
Public Policy Implementation

20.  Organization
 Interpretation
 Application
Elements of Public Policy
Implementation
Coordination of resources to achieve
intended goals

21. Policy Implementation Steps
• Study of the requirements
• Taking risk assessment into account
• Optimizing and aligning document(s)
• Structuring document
• Writing document
• Getting document approved
• Training and awareness of employees

22.  Top to Bottom Approach
 Bottom up Approach
Approaches to Public Policy
Implementation

23. Top to Bottom Approach
• Adapts prospective of higher level
officials
• Only for single dominant policy or
agency
• Change as they are being
implemented
Approaches to …….

24. Bottom up Approach
• Difficult to evaluate
• Difficult to separate the influence of
individuals and levels of government
Approaches to …….

25. Factors Affecting Policy
Implementation
Policy
Implementation
Media
Politics
Economy
Environment

26. • Contains Unambiguous directives and
structures
• Leaders possess substantial managerial
and political skills and professional
knowledge
• Supported by organized constituency
groups, legislatures and judiciary
• Relative priority of statuary objectives is
determined
Conditions for successful Implementation
of Policy

27. • Lack of staff
• Lack of resources
• Gigantic targets
• Lack of higher level support
• Shortage of time
• Lack of will and accountability
• Corruption and vested interest
• Lack of team spirit
Problems in Policy Implementation

29. Learning Assessment
1. Fill the blanks with the correct words and discuss briefly the
“Policy making Process” (10 pts.) Write your answer in a short
bond paper.

30. 2. Give at least three (3) Agricultural built-in systems of
policymaking in the Philippines and discuss briefly its
implementation of agricultural policies (15 pts.)

31. Thank You