Italy has a parliamentary republic government with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. It has a bicameral legislature and decentralized system of 20 regions and over 8,000 communes. Recent reforms aim to modernize the public administration through restructuring, digitization, and improving performance and accountability of public servants. The adoption of New Public Management principles includes increasing autonomy of state agencies, use of markets for public services, and an emphasis on outputs and customer service.

1. Italy
Content
 General information
 Italy’s form of Government
 Public Administration
 Public Administration Reforms
 New Public Management
Abdirashid Diriye Kalmoy

2. General Information
Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional
states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily,
were united under King Victor Emmanuel II.
 An era of parliamentary government came to a close
in the early 1920s when Benito Mussolini established
a Fascist dictatorship.
A democratic republic was formed in 1946 and
economic revival followed. Italy is a member of
NATO and the European Union (EU).

3. General Information
Population : 62,007,540 (July 2016)
urban population : 69% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 0.39% annual rate of change
(2010-15)
 GDP : $1.85 trillion (2016)
Per capita income : $36,300 (2016)
Human Development Index : 0.887 (Ranked 26)

4. Italy’s Form of Government
The 1948 Constitution provides the framework for
Italy’s government.
A Parliamentary Republic type of government is
stipulated in the constitution, Composed of the
Executive, Judiciary, and Legislative divisions.

5. Italy’s Form of Government
 The Executive
1. The President is the head of state and a symbol of
national unity.
2. A Bicameral houses of Parliament elect the President for
a seven- year term and may be re-elected after the
completion of the first term.
3. The President appoints the Prime Minister and assumes
the position after Parliament’s approval. The premier
chooses the ministers for various departments to form
the government. The government must win the approval
of a parliamentary majority through a vote of
confidence.

6. Italy’s Form of Government
 The Legislature
1. Italy has a bicameral parliamentary system that is
comprised of two houses of parliament.
2. 630 members represent constituencies in the
Chamber of Deputies while 315 members represent
regions in the Senate. Both houses have similar
powers and approve bills into legislation.
3. The Deputies and Senators are elected for five-year
terms.

7. Italy’s Form of Government
 The Judiciary
1. Italy’s Supreme Court is the Court of Cassation,
which judges appeals from lower courts on points of
law.
2. A network of criminal, civil, and administrative
courts are tasked with the administration of justice
in the country.

8. Public Administration
20 regions were established in Italy for administrative
purposes, five of which are autonomous. The
autonomous regions enjoy more legislative and
financial rights than the rest.
 Italy has a decentralized Administrative system. This
decentralization has seen new regions established and
powers devolved. today there are 20 regions (or
regioni) with a further 8,101 communes (or
communi) are below this tier.

9. Public Administration
Under the regions are 110 provinces, with smaller
administrative units known as communes (8,101).
The communes are headed by the mayor assisted by a
local government with its police network.
The local government oversees public transport
services, street lighting, and garbage collection.
Region Provinces Communes
(20) (110) (8,101)

10. Public Administration
 The Autonomous Regions are ; Sardinia , Sicily,
Südtirol, Aosta Valley and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

11. Public Administration
 The legal basis of the Public Employment Service :
Law 165/2001 on the General Rules Governing the
Work of Public Officials, as modified by legislative
decree n. 150/2009.
1. Collective agreements.
2. Code of Conduct for Government employees (2001).

12. Public Administration
 Public employees are 3.4 M (2015).
1. 85 % Civil servants
2. 15% public sector status

13. Public Administration Reforms
 Modernizing the Public Administration is a key issue
and a plan defining diverse performance objectives for
the forthcoming years has recently been established.
These objectives include:
1. One out of eight retiring employees will not be replaced.
2. A more efficient, restructured and digitalised public
administration.
3. Improvements in the management and responsibility of
public servants, giving human resource managers the
possibility of evaluating them, increasing wages and
rewarding productivity.

14. Public Administration Reforms
Public Administrative reform is concerned with the
democratic character of government officials’
decisions and its objective is not just to make the state
organization more efficient but to build state capacity.
( Dontella Mashiah, 2015).

15. New Public Management
 New public management constituted a movement that, inspired by
private sector management principles, intended to manage public
sector according to a more coherent approach to governance
inspired by principles of performance orientation to improve
government’s strategic and policy making capacities. ( Dontella
Mashiah, 2015)
1. the creation of autonomous state agencies at the regional level.
2. devolution of state and regional budgets and financial control.
3. increasing use of markets and competition in the provision of
public services
4. Communes put emphasis on performance, outputs and customer
orientation service delivery. (Guiseppe and Dontella Mashiah,
2011)

16. New Public Management
In 1999 the Autorità garante per l’informatica nella
pubblica amministrazione – AIPA – or( Authority for
information technology in the public administration)
was formed and mandated to the digitilization of all
sectors of Public Administration. (Legislative Decree
n. 39/1999).
On 29th October 2015 Italy, adopted the International
Open Data Charter , and hence increasing the
operational area of the Agenzia per l'Italia Digitale
(AGID).

17. New Public Management
 E-Government
1. The Agency for Digital Italy (AGID) launched the
#Data4all, a platform which gathers the three
thematic portals SoldiPubblici, ItaliaSicura and
OpenExpo.
2. . #Data4all aims at facilitating the access to public
administration’s data which are not always available
and in some scenarios are certainly difficult to
obtain and not up to date. #Data4all was nominated
for the 2015 OGP awards.