The document summarizes a 1998 study that found subjects who resisted eating cookies and instead ate radishes (using their self-control) gave up on an impossible logic puzzle over 10 minutes sooner than those who ate cookies. It explains that monitoring and controlling our own behaviors is exhausting, using up our reserves of willpower. It then draws a parallel to the current situation of the pandemic, where people are trying to change many behaviors at once like avoiding contact with others, frequent hand washing, and cleaning surfaces - all of which requires self-control and is psychologically exhausting due to the effort of rewiring our behaviors.
Will Power – A Scarce ResourceThe first year student sat at the .docxambersalomon88660
Will Power – A Scarce Resource
The first year student sat at the table. The room was heavy with the essence of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies from the small oven in the corner. The aroma was particularly noticeable given that it was noon and she hadn’t eaten anything since this morning, as she had agreed for this experiment.
While she completed the consent forms and surveys on the small table in front of her, a plate of hot cookies sat piled with assorted chocolate candies. In a bowl next to it was a stack of bright red and white radishes piled equally high.
When the forms were complete the experimenter in the room advised that she would be requested to eat a food, and only that food over the next five minutes. She was also instructed to not eat the assigned food for at least 24 hours after the experiment. At this point the experimenter advised her to eat radishes. She was to eat only the radishes at which point the experimenter left the room and watched through a one way mirror. The student looked at the cookies and then the radishes. She looked at the cookies again, picking the one at the top and bending it just a little. It was fresh just like she suspected and she put it down carefully and slid over to the radish bowl taking the minimum three radishes in her hand. She ate the radishes one by one intentionally not looking at the plate of cookies right next to her. They were cold, crunchy, and slightly spicy. As she ate them, the thought that these cold, crunchy and slightly spicy radishes were nothing like the cookies right next to her
As promised the experimenter returned at five minutes with a handful of tests that involved tracing a geometric figure without lifting her pen from the paper. If she did, or had to start over, she could use as much paper as she needed. She was given a practice period where she had several similar puzzles, some of which she completed with ease. When the time was up, she was given the two main test figures, along with instructions that she can take as much time as she would like, and that she wouldn’t be judged on her time nor on the number of attempts she made to solve the test. Her goal was to complete the task. There was a bell on the table that she should ring if she wished to stop before she finished the puzzle. Experimenter left the room. The student looked at the puzzle and immediately began tracing the figure as instructed. As she went along she could see that her strategy wasn’t going to work, so she folded the paper in half and moved it out of her way, aggravated at jumping into an obviously stupid strategy. She wasn’t achieving her goal. She thought - “Things like this come easy to me”. Taking another sheet of paper to try again she could still smell the cookies in the room. Every idea she had still ended up at the strategy she first used. After ten minutes and two other attempts she gave up. She just couldn’t figure this thing out. She rang the bell. The experiment was over.
She wasn’.
Will Power – A Scarce ResourceThe first year student sat at the .docxambersalomon88660
Will Power – A Scarce Resource
The first year student sat at the table. The room was heavy with the essence of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies from the small oven in the corner. The aroma was particularly noticeable given that it was noon and she hadn’t eaten anything since this morning, as she had agreed for this experiment.
While she completed the consent forms and surveys on the small table in front of her, a plate of hot cookies sat piled with assorted chocolate candies. In a bowl next to it was a stack of bright red and white radishes piled equally high.
When the forms were complete the experimenter in the room advised that she would be requested to eat a food, and only that food over the next five minutes. She was also instructed to not eat the assigned food for at least 24 hours after the experiment. At this point the experimenter advised her to eat radishes. She was to eat only the radishes at which point the experimenter left the room and watched through a one way mirror. The student looked at the cookies and then the radishes. She looked at the cookies again, picking the one at the top and bending it just a little. It was fresh just like she suspected and she put it down carefully and slid over to the radish bowl taking the minimum three radishes in her hand. She ate the radishes one by one intentionally not looking at the plate of cookies right next to her. They were cold, crunchy, and slightly spicy. As she ate them, the thought that these cold, crunchy and slightly spicy radishes were nothing like the cookies right next to her
As promised the experimenter returned at five minutes with a handful of tests that involved tracing a geometric figure without lifting her pen from the paper. If she did, or had to start over, she could use as much paper as she needed. She was given a practice period where she had several similar puzzles, some of which she completed with ease. When the time was up, she was given the two main test figures, along with instructions that she can take as much time as she would like, and that she wouldn’t be judged on her time nor on the number of attempts she made to solve the test. Her goal was to complete the task. There was a bell on the table that she should ring if she wished to stop before she finished the puzzle. Experimenter left the room. The student looked at the puzzle and immediately began tracing the figure as instructed. As she went along she could see that her strategy wasn’t going to work, so she folded the paper in half and moved it out of her way, aggravated at jumping into an obviously stupid strategy. She wasn’t achieving her goal. She thought - “Things like this come easy to me”. Taking another sheet of paper to try again she could still smell the cookies in the room. Every idea she had still ended up at the strategy she first used. After ten minutes and two other attempts she gave up. She just couldn’t figure this thing out. She rang the bell. The experiment was over.
She wasn’.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Psychology of
Curfew and
Lockdown
Jayadeva de Silva
In a 1998 study, Roy Baumeister demonstrated that laziness often
correlates with exhaustion. He invited two sets of students into a lab
and, on a table, offered two bowls. One bowl was full of freshly
baked chocolate chip cookies, the other contained a bunch of radishes.
He asked members of one group to eat the cookies but leave the
radishes alone; he asked the other group to eat the radishes, while
skipping the cookies. The researchers left the lab, hoping the test
subjects would be tempted to cheat. Would the radish-eaters sneak a
cookie? Or, perhaps less sadistic, would the cookie-eaters be tempted
to eat a radish? None of the subjects failed the test, and that’s the end
of the experiment - except for one small detail.
2. The researchers next asked the subjects to solve a logic puzzle.
Unknown to the subjects, the task was designed to be impossible to
solve. The researchers simply wanted to see how long the volunteers
would persist before they gave up.
This is where the surprising result appeared.
The cookie-eaters tried to solve the puzzle, and tried and tried for an
average of 19 minutes before giving up. The radish-eaters, on the
other hand, lasted just eight minutes. Why this huge gap? The answer
may surprise you. The radish-eaters had used up their reserves of self-
control, resisting those delicious cookies.
It turns out that monitoring our own self-behavior is
exhausting.
This explains why, when we come home from an exhausting day at
work, we’re more likely to snap at our partners. It also shows how
difficult it is to handle multiple challenges at the same time. Just
imagine if you were to be on a diet, exercising, learning a new
language, and changing the hand you use when brushing your teeth -
all at the same time. Sounds exhausting, right?
That’s exactly what’s happening to all of us, right now. Deeply
engrained habits, intrinsic to who we are and how we behave, are all
up in the air. I’ve talked to people who tell me their daily lives have
turned into one gigantic blur. They find themselves eating breakfast at
2 pm and dinner at 3 am, working on Sundays, running meetings in
3. their underwear. They’re doing all that while avoiding shaking hands,
avoiding friends, avoiding people, washing their hands twice an hour
- and then once again, just to be sure. They’re obsessively cleaning
door knobs, water taps, car handles, the steering wheel … not to
forget tuna cans, the milk carton, and plastic wrap. And they’re doing
this all at once.
As straightforward as all these things may seem - I mean, how
difficult is it to wipe a door knob? - yet add it all up, and we’ve
become psychologically exhausted. On the surface, it sounds oh so
easy. ‘You just have to be careful, stand away from people, and
remember not to shake hands.’ But underneath the surface, we’re
rewiring our entire behavioral patterns.
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