Psychological disorders encompass a wide range of conditions that affect thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, often causing distress and impairment in daily functioning. From anxiety disorders to mood disorders and beyond, these conditions vary in severity and presentation. Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder, are characterized by excessive worry and fear that can interfere with everyday life. Mood disorders, like depression and bipolar disorder, involve disruptions in mood regulation, leading to persistent sadness or extreme mood swings. Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, involve disturbances in perception, thinking, and behavior, often accompanied by hallucinations or delusions. Eating disorders, like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, involve unhealthy patterns of eating behavior and distorted body image. Substance use disorders, including alcoholism and drug addiction, are characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. Personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder, involve enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Neurodevelopmental disorders, like autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), typically manifest early in life and involve impairments in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Each psychological disorder has its own unique set of symptoms, causes, and treatments, but they all share the common thread of impacting an individual's mental health and well-being. Seeking professional help, such as therapy or medication, can often alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected by these disorders. Additionally, raising awareness, reducing stigma, and promoting understanding are essential steps in supporting individuals living with psychological disorders and fostering a more inclusive and compassionate society

1. PRESENTED TO
MAM AMNA ASLAM
TOPIC
INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS

2. Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Types of Psychological Disorders
Psychological disorders are mental health conditions
that significantly affect a person's thoughts,
emotions, and behavior. There are various types of
psychological disorders, including:
• Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety
disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
• Mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder
and bipolar disorder.
• Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
• Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and
bulimia nervosa.
• Substance use disorders, including alcohol and
drug addiction.
Impact on Mental Health
Psychological disorders can have a significant
impact on individuals' mental health. They can
cause distress, impair daily functioning, and
interfere with relationships and work. It is
important to understand these disorders and
their effects in order to provide appropriate
support and treatment.
https://document.online-convert.com/convert/word-to-ppt

3. Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
GAD is characterized by excessive and persistent
worry and anxiety about everyday life events
and activities.
Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent
and unexpected panic attacks, which are
intense periods of fear and discomfort.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder is characterized by an intense fear of social situations and a fear of being
embarrassed, humiliated, or judged by others.

4. Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder
characterized by persistent feelings of sadness,
hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities.
Treatment options may include therapy,
medication, and lifestyle changes.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder
characterized by extreme mood swings,
including periods of depression and mania.
Treatment options may include medication,
therapy, and lifestyle changes.

5. Comparative Analysis of Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder
characterized by persistent feelings of sadness,
hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities.
Symptoms may include changes in appetite and
sleep patterns, fatigue, and difficulty
concentrating. Treatment options include
medication and therapy.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized
by extreme changes in mood, from manic highs
to depressive lows. Symptoms may include
increased energy and activity, decreased need
for sleep, and impulsive behavior during manic
episodes. During depressive episodes, symptoms
may include feelings of sadness and
hopelessness, as well as changes in appetite and
sleep patterns. Treatment options include
medication and therapy.

6. Personality Disorders
PREVALENCE OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Borderline Personality Disorder
• Characterized by instability in relationships,
self-image, and emotions.
• Treatment options include dialectical
behavior therapy (DBT) and cognitive-
behavioral therapy (CBT).
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Characterized by a grandiose sense of self-
importance, a need for admiration, and a
lack of empathy.
• Treatment options include psychotherapy
and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
%
Borderline Personality disorder
Narcissistic Personality disorder

7. Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an intense
fear of gaining weight and a distorted body
image. Individuals with anorexia may severely
restrict their food intake, leading to significant
weight loss and malnutrition.
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia nervosa involves recurrent episodes of
binge eating followed by compensatory
behaviors such as self-induced vomiting,
excessive exercise, or the use of laxatives.
Individuals with bulimia may also have a
distorted body image and experience feelings
of guilt and shame.

8. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and
repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. Common types include:
Checking
Repeatedly verifying
things, such as whether
doors are locked or
appliances are turned off.
Contamination
Intense fear of germs or
dirt, leading to compulsive
washing or cleaning
rituals.
Symmetry/Ordering
A need for things to be
arranged in a specific way,
with an obsession for
symmetry.

9. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develops after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event,
causing persistent distress. Common types include:
Re-Experiencing
Flashbacks, nightmares, or
intrusive thoughts related
to the traumatic event.
Avoidance
Steering clear of reminders
of the trauma, including
places, people, or activities.
Arousal and Reactivity
Heightened responses like
irritability, hypervigilance,
and difficulty sleeping.
CPTSD (Complex PTSD)
Results from prolonged, repeated trauma, leading to additional symptoms like difficulties in
forming relationships and a distorted self-image.

10. Sleeping Disorders
Sleeping Disorder
Sleeping disorders involve disruptions in the normal sleep pattern, affecting overall well-being. Common
types include:
Insomnia
Difficulty falling or
staying asleep,
leading to
inadequate rest.
Sleep Apnea
Brief pauses in
breathing during sleep,
often accompanied by
loud snoring.
Narcolepsy
Excessive daytime
sleepiness and sudden,
uncontrollable episodes
of falling asleep.
Parasomnias
Abnormal behaviors
during sleep, such as
sleepwalking, night
terrors, or REM sleep
behavior disorder.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
Uncomfortable sensations in the legs, causing an urge to move them, disrupting sleep.

11. Substance Use Disorders
Alcohol Use Disorder
Alcohol use disorder is a type of substance use
disorder that involves the recurrent and excessive use
of alcohol, leading to significant impairment or
distress.
Opioid Use Disorder
Opioid use disorder is a type of substance use
disorder that involves the recurrent and excessive
use of opioids, such as prescription painkillers or
heroin, leading to significant impairment or distress.

12. Psychotic Disorders
Gyoza
Empanada
Wonton
Dumpling
Pirogi
Manti
Schizophrenia
• A chronic mental disorder characterized by a distorted
perception of reality, hallucinations, and delusions.
• Treatment options include antipsychotic medications,
therapy, and support from a mental health team.
Schizoaffective Disorder
• A chronic mental disorder characterized by symptoms
of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, such as
depression or bipolar disorder.
• Treatment options include a combination of
antipsychotic medications, mood stabilizers, and therapy.

13. Treatment Options
Treatment Options
%
Therapy
Medication
Lifestyle Changes
Treatment
Therapy
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps
identify and change negative thought patterns
and behaviors.
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Focuses on
emotional regulation and interpersonal
effectiveness.
• Psychoanalysis: Explores unconscious thoughts
and childhood experiences to gain insight into
current behavior.

14. Medication
• Antidepressants: Help regulate mood and reduce
symptoms of depression and anxiety.
• Antipsychotics: Used to manage symptoms of
psychosis, such as hallucinations and delusions.
• Anxiolytics: Reduce symptoms of anxiety and
promote relaxation.
Lifestyle Changes
• Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve mood
and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.
• Healthy Diet: Proper nutrition can support brain health
and overall well-being.
• Stress Management: Techniques like mindfulness and
relaxation exercises can help reduce stress.

15. THANK YOU
Created By
GHUFRAN NASRULLAH