Psychiatry: A Crash test for integrative neuroscience (Part2)
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ALIUS Workshop 2018: "Methodological Issues in Consciousness Research" https://www.aliusresearch.org/workshop-2018.html Part 1: From Gardener to Botanist medicine, and back ===> Video: https://youtu.be/yQV1j7NRjOI?t=925 Jean-Arthur MICOULAUD FRANCHI, MD, PhD Part 2: From Sublunar to Supralunar medicine, and back Guillaume DUMAS, PhD ===> https://youtu.be/yQV1j7NRjOI?t=2495 Abstract: This presentation will address the role of integrative neuroscience in modern psychiatry from nosographic and semiological perspectives. It attempts to compare the need for multidimensional approach with a multi-scale understanding of the mechanisms involved in the emergence of mental disorders. The first part discusses the place of neuroscience in the classification of mental disorders, notably in the delimitation of the normal and the pathological, then the definition of the various psychiatric disorders. The second part focuses on the place of neuroscience in the semiology of mental disorders, more particularly on latent variable and multi-scale approaches.
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Psychiatry: A Crash test for integrative neuroscience (Part2)
- 1. Psychiatry: A crash test for integrative neuroscience Part 2: from sub-lunar to supra-lunar medicines and back Alius Workshop — Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris — 26 Octobre 2018 Guillaume Dumas, Ph.D – @introspection Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur
- 2. Bridging the gap between sub-lunar & supra-lunar medicines 2 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 « Milieu extérieur » Organism Risk factors Syndrom « sublunare » world / « professional » medicine Cause Disease Delimiting criteria Pathology « supralunar » world / « scientific » medicine « Milieu intérieur »
- 3. Adapted from Micoulaud-Franchi et al. 2018 Subjective experience (semiology) Brain activity (physiology) Disease? (nosology) Additional creteria (epidemiology, sociology, …) Cause (etiology) 3 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
- 4. Adapted from Micoulaud-Franchi et al. 2018 Subjective experience (semiology) Brain activity (physiology) Disease? (nosology) Additional creteria (epidemiology, sociology, …) Cause (etiology) 4 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
- 5. Adapted from Micoulaud-Franchi et al. 2018 Subjective experience (semiology) Brain activity (physiology) Disease? (nosology) Additional creteria (epidemiology, sociology, …) Cause (etiology) Individuals / Patients Researchers MDs Policy makersAssociations 5 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
- 6. 3 crash tests Socioconstructivist How to address the limit~continuity between the normal and the pathological? Transnosographic Can a neurobiological mechanism be approached in a similar way in two different psychiatric disorders? Pleïotropy ~ Degeneracy Can a neurobiological mechanism be addressed independently of the alteration of other mechanisms? 6 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Bridging the gap between sub-lunar & supra-lunar medicines
- 7. Cambridge Model for Symptom-Formation 7 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
- 8. Mental Symptoms as ‘Hybrid’ objects 8 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Berlioz et al. 2013
- 9. Socio-cultural Cognitive-behavioral Biological 9 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Autism as a Dialectical Misattunement Bolis et al. 2017
- 10. Systems Biology beyond the individual 10 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Institute for Systems Biology
- 11. Systems Biology beyond the individual 11 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Institute for Systems Biology
- 12. Social Interaction: the « Dark Side » of Psychiatry ? 12 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 « Sainte Anne » Fauve (2016) “Because unintentionally, the others are a constant struggle. Definitely doctor, we are living in a best of times.” “Parce que sans le vouloir, les autres sont un combat permanent Décidément docteur, on vit une chouette époque …”
- 13. Social interaction: the « Dark Matter » of Neuroscience ? 13 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Pfeiffer et al., Front Hum Neurosci 2013 N individuals
- 14. Operationalizing the Naturalization of Social Interaction 14 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018
- 15. Multiscale experimental & computational approaches 15 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Kelso, Dumas, & Tognoli, Neural Networks 2013 ExperimentalComputational
- 16. Social Perception ≠ Social Interaction 16 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Guionnet et al. 2011; Dumas et al. 2012; Nadel & Dumas, J Cog Edu & Psych 2010
- 17. Socio-affective coupling and pain reduction 17 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Goldstein, Weissman-Fogel, Dumas, Shamay-Tsoory, PNAS (2018) Pain reduction Inter-brain synchronization modulation
- 18. The transnosographic approach 18 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 « Systems are not in nature, but in the mind of men. » Claude Bernard (1865, p. 297) Crespi et al. 2010
- 19. The transnosographic approach 19 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 « All the models are false, Few are useful." George Box Crespi et al. 2010
- 20. The idosyncratic brain 20 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Hahamy et al., Nature Neuroscience 2015 Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2012
- 21. Inter-brain misattunement > Intra-brain structure 21 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Dumas, Zillekens et al., (in preps) Imme ZILLEKENS Leonard SCHILBACH Juha LAHNAKOSKI
- 22. Beyond the « Case vs Controls » dichotomy 22 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Marquand et al. 2016
- 23. Normative model: probing the discrete~continuous 23 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Longitudinal European Autism Project Nonparametric Normative Model based on LOESS Age (days) Z-scoreWorkingMemory CTR ASD ID ASD-ID Jumana Ahmad Eva Loth
- 24. Normative model: going even more non-parametric 24 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Longitudinal European Autism Project Nonparametric Normative Model based on Centiles Age (days) CentilesWorkingMemory CTR ASD Jumana Ahmad Eva Loth
- 25. Normative model: the two faces of variance 25 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Aline LEFEBVRE Richard DELORME Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2012
- 26. Network Based Stratification 26 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Large Cohort Highly Heterogeneous Genetic Profiles Hofree et al. 2013; Kim, Poline, Dumas 2018 Yang-Min KIM
- 27. Network Based Stratification 27 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Large Cohort Highly Heterogeneous Genetic Profiles Individuals Hofree et al. 2013; Kim, Poline, Dumas 2018 Yang-Min KIM
- 28. Network Based Stratification 28 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Large Cohort Highly Heterogeneous Genetic Profiles Individuals Clusters Homogeneous Genetic Profiles Hofree et al. 2013; Kim, Poline, Dumas 2018 Yang-Min KIM
- 29. Network Based Stratification: for botanists 29 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Bourgeron, Nat Neuro Rev 2015
- 30. Network Based Stratification: for gardeners 30 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 CBT Response DrugResponse
- 31. Network Based Stratification 31 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Kim, Poline, Dumas GigaScience 2018 github.com/GHFC/stratipy
- 32. Network theory of mental disorders 32 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Borsboom (2017)
- 33. Social perspective on Symptoms Networks 33 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Dumas, Micoulaud, et al. (in prep.) X X X X X
- 34. Social perspective on Symptoms Networks 34 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Dumas, Micoulaud, et al. (in prep.) Diagnostic Self-Report
- 35. Social perspective on Symptoms Networks 35 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Dumas, Micoulaud, et al. (in prep.) Diagnostic Self-Report
- 36. Social perspective on Symptoms Networks 36 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Dumas, Micoulaud, et al. (in prep.) Diagnostic Self-Report How often do you have problem remembering appointments or obligations? How often do you have difficulty keeping your attention when you are doing boring or repetitive work? How often do you have trouble wrapping up the final details of a project, once the challenging parts have been done? Representation bias
- 37. Individual <–> Family / Friends Individual <–> Therapist / Educator But also: Practitioners <–> Practitioners Practitioners <–> Policy makers Policy makers <–> Policy makers Policy makers <–> Associations … Individual <–> their “voices” 37 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Dumas & Micoulaud-Franchi, Intellectica (upcoming)
- 38. 3 crash tests Socioconstructivist Taking social level seriously Transnosographic Go beyond case vs control Pleïotropy ~ Degeneracy Networks: from systems biology to symptoms Multiscale/Interdisciplinary approach (theory, experiment, model) including social interactions and cultural systems. 38 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Bridging the gap between sub-lunar & supra-lunar medicines
- 39. Old Paris Team Jacqueline Nadel Jacques Martinerie Robert Soussignan Mario Chavez Boca Raton Team Current Paris Team Collaborators J.-A. Micoulaud-Franchi Leonhard Schilbach Imme Zillekens Juha Lahnakoski Danilo Bzdok Elvis Dohmatob Denis Engemann Thomas Bourgeron Richard Delorme Jean-Pierre Changeux Yang-Min Kim Aline Lefebvre Roberto Toro Thomas Rolland Freddy Cliquet Alexandre Mathieu Hany Goubran-Botros Quentin Moreau Annika Lübbert J.A. Scott Kelso Emmanuelle Tognoli Gonzalo DeGuzman Armin Fuchs Mengsen Zhang 39 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 Eva Loth Jumana Ahmad Pavel Goldstein Merle Fairhurst Viviane Kostrubiec Alexandre Lehmann Asaf Bachrach Julien Laroche Interdisciplinarity Open Science Art~Science Alius Team David Dupuis, Matthieu Koroma Raphaël Millière Martin Fortier Baptiste Gilles … and all the associated researchers!
- 40. All the 14 DVDs of ARTEMOC 2009 event are online! 40 • Guillaume Dumas • Biologie des Systèmes et Psychiatrie • 22/10/2018 https://vimeo.com/album/5506621
- 41. Phi
- 42. PhiPhi