"Fatigue testing of reinforced concrete beam instrumented with distributed op...TRUSS ITN
The use of fiber optic sensors on civil engineering structural health monitoring (SHM) applications have become quite popular for the past two decades. Within this type of sensors however, the study and use of Optical Backscatter Reflectometry (OBR) based Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors (DOFS) is relatively new. In this way, there is still some uncertainty that would allow the use of this technology in a more systematic and standardized way. Some of this uncertainty is related with the long-term reliability behavior of these sensors when applied on the monitoring of a structure under a large number of load cycles. In this way, the authors conducted a laboratory experiment where a reinforced concrete beam was instrumented with a DOFS that was adhered in a way to allow the measuring of strain on four different longitudinal segments on its bottom surface. A fatigue test was then conducted on this element where the inputted load range was the one expected on a standard highway bridge between its self-weight and the additional traffic load. Furthermore, each longitudinal segment of the DOFS was adhered to the concrete using a different adhesive in order to assess the optimal one in these conditions. The obtained data is then compared with strain gauges that are also instrumented on the concrete beam.
15 experimental study for strengthening of rc rectangular columns with anchor...Ahmed Ebid
Debonding between CFRP sheets and concrete surface is one of the most important modes of failure. The common solution to
prevent this mode of failure is to extend the CFRP sheets by enough length to avoid debonding. A more advanced technique is to anchor the CFRP sheets to the concrete element using either steel or CFRP anchors. The aim of this research is to study the effect of using CFRP anchors on the capacity of concentric and eccentric RC columns. In order to achieve that goal, ten specimens of RC columns divided into two sets were tested. The first set was tested under concentric load, while the other set was tested under eccentric load. Each set had one control sample, while the other four samples were wrapped with CFRP bands. Two of the wrapped samples were anchored and the others were not. The spacing between CFRP wraps was varied between 80 and 200 mm. The results showed that the concentric and eccentric capacity of the sample increased with decreasing the spacing between CFRP bands as long as the eccentricity is small enough to cause
compression failure mode. But for samples with tension failure caused by large eccentricity, the CFRP bands have no effect on the capacity. It was also noted that anchors have no significant effect on the axial capacity of the samples
CHARACTERIZATION OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY FOR VIBRATION ATTENUATION IN SMART STR...Kandhan Siva
Using Exotic solid phase change properties of NITINOL, a study was being made to control vibration of wind turbine blade equivalent beam model actively. My work contributes in characterization of Nitinol to suit the above objective finely
Nano-elements Introduction in GFRP construction materials, Concrete.MECandPMV
The deterioration of concrete infrastructure owing to corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the major challenges facing the construction industry.
"Fatigue testing of reinforced concrete beam instrumented with distributed op...TRUSS ITN
The use of fiber optic sensors on civil engineering structural health monitoring (SHM) applications have become quite popular for the past two decades. Within this type of sensors however, the study and use of Optical Backscatter Reflectometry (OBR) based Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors (DOFS) is relatively new. In this way, there is still some uncertainty that would allow the use of this technology in a more systematic and standardized way. Some of this uncertainty is related with the long-term reliability behavior of these sensors when applied on the monitoring of a structure under a large number of load cycles. In this way, the authors conducted a laboratory experiment where a reinforced concrete beam was instrumented with a DOFS that was adhered in a way to allow the measuring of strain on four different longitudinal segments on its bottom surface. A fatigue test was then conducted on this element where the inputted load range was the one expected on a standard highway bridge between its self-weight and the additional traffic load. Furthermore, each longitudinal segment of the DOFS was adhered to the concrete using a different adhesive in order to assess the optimal one in these conditions. The obtained data is then compared with strain gauges that are also instrumented on the concrete beam.
15 experimental study for strengthening of rc rectangular columns with anchor...Ahmed Ebid
Debonding between CFRP sheets and concrete surface is one of the most important modes of failure. The common solution to
prevent this mode of failure is to extend the CFRP sheets by enough length to avoid debonding. A more advanced technique is to anchor the CFRP sheets to the concrete element using either steel or CFRP anchors. The aim of this research is to study the effect of using CFRP anchors on the capacity of concentric and eccentric RC columns. In order to achieve that goal, ten specimens of RC columns divided into two sets were tested. The first set was tested under concentric load, while the other set was tested under eccentric load. Each set had one control sample, while the other four samples were wrapped with CFRP bands. Two of the wrapped samples were anchored and the others were not. The spacing between CFRP wraps was varied between 80 and 200 mm. The results showed that the concentric and eccentric capacity of the sample increased with decreasing the spacing between CFRP bands as long as the eccentricity is small enough to cause
compression failure mode. But for samples with tension failure caused by large eccentricity, the CFRP bands have no effect on the capacity. It was also noted that anchors have no significant effect on the axial capacity of the samples
CHARACTERIZATION OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY FOR VIBRATION ATTENUATION IN SMART STR...Kandhan Siva
Using Exotic solid phase change properties of NITINOL, a study was being made to control vibration of wind turbine blade equivalent beam model actively. My work contributes in characterization of Nitinol to suit the above objective finely
Nano-elements Introduction in GFRP construction materials, Concrete.MECandPMV
The deterioration of concrete infrastructure owing to corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the major challenges facing the construction industry.
Cathodic prevention of steel rebars in concrete the international outlookSimone Tremolada
The fundamental application of " cathodic prevention " of steel reinforcement in concrete was ideated and developed by Professor Pietro Pedeferri. It was successfully applied since 1989 in Italy on Viaduct St. Nicholas I of the highway Rome - Aquila - Teramo and in 1996 in the western underbroadwalk of the Sydney Opera House. Over the past 20 years it has spread throughout the world and particularly in Northern Europe, Middle East and Australia being recognized as the most reliable technique to combat corrosion for new buildings and infrastructure where reinforced concrete is exposed to possible contamination from chlorides. This memory is a review of some of the most significant industrial cases reported in the international literature.
Durrat Al Bahrain and the NAKILAT shipyard in Qatar are two recent projects developed in the Middle East. Cathodic Prevention of West Swanson Dock in Melbourne was the largest project completed in Australia in the last decade.
Other significant experiences in China and North Africa are a sign of the vitality of this technique in the developing countries.
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical basics of MSHC materials creating (basics rules, materials hardening methods, alloying rules)
3. Analysis of medium strength high conductivity copper alloys (phase diagrams, requirements, properties, fabrication and exploitation properties, main applications)
Cu-Ag
Cu-Mg
Cu-Sn
Cu-Fe
Cu-Zr
Cu-Ni-Si
other elements
4. Complex comparison analysis of medium strength high conductivity copper alloys vs. copper grade ETP.
5. Trends of medium strength high conductivity copper alloys development, new applications and cost-effectiveness.
6. Conclusions
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composites Rebar Steven Tyler
Mission - Promote the use and growth of FRP reinforcement (rebar, tendons & grids) in concrete and masonry applications through development of quality procedures, industry specifications, performance standards, and field application guidelines.
http://www.bpcomposites.com/
New generation of copper conductors for overhead linesLeonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and even contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require a reinforcement of the grid, but the resistance against the construction of new lines has never been so high. The new generation of copper alloy conductors can be part of the solution.
These copper alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties and a high annealing temperature that makes possible to apply affordable and durable hydrophobic coatings. This unique combination makes the new copper conductors highly suitable for severe weather conditions (wind & cold) both in new lines and in refurbishment projects. Additionally, the high conductivity of copper offers a significant reduction of life cycle costs.
This webinar will present the main properties of the new copper alloy conductors and how they allow to respond to the transmission and distribution network new challenges. Also a concrete case study for a 70 km line will be presented, stressing the relevance of the cost of losses and minimizing the total cost of ownership.
New generation of copper conductors for overhead linesLeonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and even contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require a reinforcement of the grid, but the resistance against the construction of new lines has never been so high. The new generation of copper alloy conductors can be part of the solution.
These copper alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties and a high annealing temperature that makes possible to apply affordable and durable hydrophobic coatings. This unique combination makes the new copper conductors highly suitable for severe weather conditions (wind & cold) both in new lines and in refurbishment projects. Additionally, the high conductivity of copper offers a significant reduction of life cycle costs.
This webinar will present the main properties of the new copper alloy conductors and how they allow to respond to the transmission and distribution network new challenges. Also a concrete case study for a 70 km line will be presented, stressing the relevance of the cost of losses and minimizing the total cost of ownership.
Relong’s RC300C is commercial microwave and RF laminate
material designed with low dielectric constant and very low
loss characteristics. This ceramic-filled, woven fiberglass
reinforced PTFE composite material is use unique chemistry
formulation and processing to offer RF and Microwave
designers an advantage for improving electrical properties
and mechanical performances.RC300C provides a significant
improvement in performance stability over the current
product line and other traditional fluoropolymer-glass
laminates.
First-of-its-kind in the world Composite (GRP) Railway platforms, stairways, claddings and retention solutions.
Composite (GRP) Railway Stations and Solutions score over traditional materials in many ways:
Longer service life since they are heavy duty.
Faster project completion, as they are lightweight and easy to install.
Minimal passenger disruption and inconvenience due to faster installation.
Negligible to minimal maintenance required, as they don’t chip, break or crack easily.
Highest passenger safety as they have high slip resistance, non-conductive, etc.
Excellent for coastal areas as they are non-corrosive.
Resistances to wide range of chemicals, UV resistant and retain colour and look over the long term.
The product has been described as “game changing” by industry insiders and has won multiple awards.
KB Electric may bien ap kho Ls nhap khau KoreaKB ELECTRIC
Chiết khấu cao do KB Electric cung cấp thông tin về nhãn hiệu máy biến áp khô LS nhập khẩu từ Hàn Quốc. Chuyên dùng cho các hệ tòa nhà, cao ốc, bênh viện, trường học, công nghiệp..
Cathodic prevention of steel rebars in concrete the international outlookSimone Tremolada
The fundamental application of " cathodic prevention " of steel reinforcement in concrete was ideated and developed by Professor Pietro Pedeferri. It was successfully applied since 1989 in Italy on Viaduct St. Nicholas I of the highway Rome - Aquila - Teramo and in 1996 in the western underbroadwalk of the Sydney Opera House. Over the past 20 years it has spread throughout the world and particularly in Northern Europe, Middle East and Australia being recognized as the most reliable technique to combat corrosion for new buildings and infrastructure where reinforced concrete is exposed to possible contamination from chlorides. This memory is a review of some of the most significant industrial cases reported in the international literature.
Durrat Al Bahrain and the NAKILAT shipyard in Qatar are two recent projects developed in the Middle East. Cathodic Prevention of West Swanson Dock in Melbourne was the largest project completed in Australia in the last decade.
Other significant experiences in China and North Africa are a sign of the vitality of this technique in the developing countries.
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical basics of MSHC materials creating (basics rules, materials hardening methods, alloying rules)
3. Analysis of medium strength high conductivity copper alloys (phase diagrams, requirements, properties, fabrication and exploitation properties, main applications)
Cu-Ag
Cu-Mg
Cu-Sn
Cu-Fe
Cu-Zr
Cu-Ni-Si
other elements
4. Complex comparison analysis of medium strength high conductivity copper alloys vs. copper grade ETP.
5. Trends of medium strength high conductivity copper alloys development, new applications and cost-effectiveness.
6. Conclusions
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Frp) Composites Rebar Steven Tyler
Mission - Promote the use and growth of FRP reinforcement (rebar, tendons & grids) in concrete and masonry applications through development of quality procedures, industry specifications, performance standards, and field application guidelines.
http://www.bpcomposites.com/
New generation of copper conductors for overhead linesLeonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and even contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require a reinforcement of the grid, but the resistance against the construction of new lines has never been so high. The new generation of copper alloy conductors can be part of the solution.
These copper alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties and a high annealing temperature that makes possible to apply affordable and durable hydrophobic coatings. This unique combination makes the new copper conductors highly suitable for severe weather conditions (wind & cold) both in new lines and in refurbishment projects. Additionally, the high conductivity of copper offers a significant reduction of life cycle costs.
This webinar will present the main properties of the new copper alloy conductors and how they allow to respond to the transmission and distribution network new challenges. Also a concrete case study for a 70 km line will be presented, stressing the relevance of the cost of losses and minimizing the total cost of ownership.
New generation of copper conductors for overhead linesLeonardo ENERGY
Transmission network operators are facing substantial and even contradictory challenges. A highly variable renewable energy supply and an increased focus on energy efficiency require a reinforcement of the grid, but the resistance against the construction of new lines has never been so high. The new generation of copper alloy conductors can be part of the solution.
These copper alloys offer outstanding mechanical properties and a high annealing temperature that makes possible to apply affordable and durable hydrophobic coatings. This unique combination makes the new copper conductors highly suitable for severe weather conditions (wind & cold) both in new lines and in refurbishment projects. Additionally, the high conductivity of copper offers a significant reduction of life cycle costs.
This webinar will present the main properties of the new copper alloy conductors and how they allow to respond to the transmission and distribution network new challenges. Also a concrete case study for a 70 km line will be presented, stressing the relevance of the cost of losses and minimizing the total cost of ownership.
Relong’s RC300C is commercial microwave and RF laminate
material designed with low dielectric constant and very low
loss characteristics. This ceramic-filled, woven fiberglass
reinforced PTFE composite material is use unique chemistry
formulation and processing to offer RF and Microwave
designers an advantage for improving electrical properties
and mechanical performances.RC300C provides a significant
improvement in performance stability over the current
product line and other traditional fluoropolymer-glass
laminates.
First-of-its-kind in the world Composite (GRP) Railway platforms, stairways, claddings and retention solutions.
Composite (GRP) Railway Stations and Solutions score over traditional materials in many ways:
Longer service life since they are heavy duty.
Faster project completion, as they are lightweight and easy to install.
Minimal passenger disruption and inconvenience due to faster installation.
Negligible to minimal maintenance required, as they don’t chip, break or crack easily.
Highest passenger safety as they have high slip resistance, non-conductive, etc.
Excellent for coastal areas as they are non-corrosive.
Resistances to wide range of chemicals, UV resistant and retain colour and look over the long term.
The product has been described as “game changing” by industry insiders and has won multiple awards.
KB Electric may bien ap kho Ls nhap khau KoreaKB ELECTRIC
Chiết khấu cao do KB Electric cung cấp thông tin về nhãn hiệu máy biến áp khô LS nhập khẩu từ Hàn Quốc. Chuyên dùng cho các hệ tòa nhà, cao ốc, bênh viện, trường học, công nghiệp..
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
Pss website
1. Water treatment
The Corrosion Solution
ENGINEERED COMPOSITE REBAR FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURES
Marine & Waterfront Structures
Rock Bolting
Water treatment
BUILD TO LAST FOR CENTURIES WITHOUT MAINTENANCE
3. ADVANTAGES
Zero corrosion: 100% resistance to any & all harsh environmental factors, No rusting
High chemical resistance: Impervious to salt and other chemical attacks
High tensile strength: 2 x stronger than steel with tensile strength of 1000MPa
Light weight: 4 x (i.e. 73%) lighter than steel, (2100 Kg/m3 vs.7800 Kg/m3), Ease of transportation
Long life span: over 100s of years life span (GFRP) vs 25 years (Black Steel)
High fatigue life: 20 x higher resistance under cyclic loading (440,000 cycle vs. 40,000 cycle)
Non-Conductive, & Non-Electromagnetic: Ideal for high electrical field, e.g. power stations
Non-Magnetic: Ideal for hospitals, MRI rooms, laboratories & other uses
Low thermal conductivity: Makes it suitable for use in hot and cold environments, power plants
Low thermal conductivity: Makes it suitable for use in hot and cold environments, power plants
High bonding strength: Much greater bonding strength to concrete (20 Mpa)
Ease of cutting & handling: Faster & cheaper installation and site handling
Fire rated: Capacity to stand for more than 3 hours in direct fire with minimum concrete cover
Sustainable to environment: Environmentally friendly, less Green House Gases while transporting
High durability & performance: No maintenance required, No additional project cost, Major savings
Min. concrete cover: requires minimum concrete cover i.e. 38mm, (2 ½ x less cracking of concrete)
Detection by GPR: Easily detected by GPR
No waterproofing: For bridge decks, unique saving for future
4. APPLICATIONS
• Bridge decks & Parapets, deck replacement
• Highway paving
• Road side barriers, Median barriers
• Concrete slabs, Approach slabs
• Parking Structures
• Precast elements, deck panels, box culverts
• Continuous RC Paving
• Infrastructures subjected to continuous corrosive
& harsh environments
• Retaining walls
• Piles & Columns, pipe rings
• Structural Strengthening & rehabilitation
Marine & Waterfront Structures
• Coastal Construction exposed to Salt Spray
• Seawalls, Wharfs & Dry Docks
• Desalinization Intakes
• Dams, Port Aprons
• Swimming Pools
• High Voltage Substations
• Electrical power plants
• Chemical Plants
• Nuclear Power Plants
• LRT’s & Heavy Rail (electrical mitigations)
• Waste Water Treatment Plants
• Hospitals & MRI Rooms
• Radio frequency areas
• Airports and runway
• Tunneling; e.g. TBM ring precast segments; Soft eye
• Sequential excavation or NATUM Tunnelling
• Rock bolts & Soil Nailing
• Precast ring segments
• Rail traverse (plinth) 100% GFRP Bars
Concrete Structures Subjected to
De-Icing Salts & Chlorides
Concrete Structures Subjected to
De-Icing Salts & Chlorides
Electromagnetic Fields
Tunneling, Mining & Railway
5. APPLICATIONS
✓ Canadian Standard Association (CSA-S807)
✓ American Concrete Institution (ACI-440.3)
✓ ASTM D7957
✓ ISO 9001:2008 Quality Control BSI-British Standard Institution
✓ MTO qualified for Grade III (DSM)
✓ FDOT Approved GFRP manufacturing plant
DESIGN MANUALS
Canadian Standard Association (CSA)
CAN/CSA-S6-06: (2006) Fiber Reinforced Structures, “Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code” Canadian Standards
Association, Pages.693-728
CAN/CSA-S806-02: (2007) “Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber- Reinforced Polymers” Canadian
Standards Association
American Concrete association (ACI)
ACI 440.1R-06: (2006) ”Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars.
ACI 440.5-08: (2008) ”Specification for Construction with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars.
ACI 440.6-08: (2008) “ Specification for carbon and Glass Fiber –Reinforced Polymer Bar Materials for Concrete Reinforcement
AASHTO
AASHTO GFRP-1: (2009) ”AASHTOLRFD Bridge Design Guide Specifications for GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks and
Traffic Railings”, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
6. MST-BAR GRADE III REBA TECHNICAL DATA SHEET (METRIC UNITS)
GFRP Grade III Nominal Bar Diameter
mm (in)
Nominal Cross Section
Area, As mm2 (in2)
Ultimate Load
Pu
KN (Kips)
Nominal Weight
Kg/m (lb/ft)
Tensile Strength, fu
MPa (ksi)
10M (#3) 9.52 (0.375) 71 (0.11) 72 (16.2) 0.15 (0.103) 1000 (145)
13M (#4) 12.70 (0.50) 132 (0.20) 210 (47.23) 0.28 (0.185) 1000 (145)
16M (#5) 15.87 (0.625) 201 (0.31) 251 (56.51) 0.55 (0.320) 1000 (145)
20M (#6) 19.05 (0.75) 285 (0.44) 299 (67.25) 0.73 (0.450) 1000 (145)
25M (#8) 25.40 (1.00) 491 (0.79) 499 (112.23) 1.40 (0.800) 1000 (145)
Property Test Method Specified Limit
CSA S807-10
Mechanical
Properties
Tensile Strength (MPa) ASTM D7205 > 750 > 1000
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) Grade III ASTM D7205 > 60 > 68
Transverse Shear Strength (MPa) CSA S806-12 Annex L D7617 > 160 > 220
Ultimate Strain (%) ASTM D7205 > 1.2 > 1.7
Bond Strength (MPa) ACI 440.3R – B3 > 8 > 20
Physical
Properties
Fiber Content (Weight %) ASTM D2584 > 70 > 76
Glass Transition Temperature ASTM D3418 > 100 oC > 119 oC
Cure ratio CSA S807 Annex A 95% 100%
Transverse Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ASTM E831 < 40 x 10-6 oC-1 26 x 10-6 oC-1
Moisture Absorption (Saturation) ASTM D570 < 0.75 0.18 to o.25
Glass Transition Temperature ASTM D3418 > 100 > 125 oC
Void Content ASATM D51117 - No Wicking
Durability
Properties
Tensile Properties at cold temperature (- 40 oC) (%)
CSA S806 -12 Annex C & ASTM
D618
< 5 < 10
Alkali Resistance in High pH(13) solution without load at 60 oC
& 90 Days (%)
ACI 440 Method B6 > 80 > 86
Alkali Resistance in High pH Solution with Load (%) ACI 440 Method B6 > 70 > 90
BendBar
Properties
Ultimate Strength of Bend (straight portion) ASTM D7914 ---- > 900
Ultimate Strength of Bend (Min. Radius 4 x Dia.) ASTM D7205 ---- > 670
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) ASTM D7205 ---- > 50
Bond Strength (MPa) ACI 440.3R – B3 ---- > 20
MST-BAR GRADE III REBA TECHNICAL DATA SHEET (METRIC UNITS)
