This document summarizes a presentation about Epi Info and ProPAN. Epi Info is public domain software used by the CDC and globally for epidemiology. A new version, Epi Info 7, focuses on being free, easy to use, lightweight, standards-based, and not requiring IT support. ProPAN is also demonstrated, which is a partnership that develops Epi Info. The presentation provides an overview of Epi Info's history and usage, highlights of the new version, and a demonstration of ProPAN before concluding with a question and discussion period.
The document provides an introduction and training guide for using Epi Info software to analyze data collected using the WHO STEPS Instrument. It covers topics such as installing Epi Info, opening and navigating the software, managing variables in a data table, performing basic statistics and tables, using programs and commands, and producing outputs. The goal is to build capacity for countries to use Epi Info to analyze their STEPS data and produce STEPS Country Reports.
Social determinantsof noncommunicable diseases in jordan by Dr Musa AjlouniMusa Ajlouni
1. Jordan faces high rates of noncommunicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and cancer that are linked to social determinants of health.
2. Key social issues influencing health in Jordan include a high poverty rate, unemployment, urbanization, and income inequality that impact access to healthcare.
3. Behavioral risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and vitamin D deficiency are common in Jordan and contribute to high rates of conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.
ueda2013 prevalence and burden of diabetes-d.michael hirstueda2015
The document discusses the global burden of diabetes, providing statistics on the prevalence and increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide. Some key points:
- 371 million people currently have diabetes, projected to rise to over 550 million by 2030.
- 80% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries.
- Diabetes resulted in $471 billion in global healthcare expenditures in 2012.
- The number of people with diabetes is increasing in every country.
The document discusses the Nuremberg Code, which was established after the Nuremberg Trials in response to unethical medical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors during World War II without participants' consent. The Code established ethical research principles including voluntary informed consent, beneficence, and that experiments should avoid unnecessary harm or injury. It also states that researchers must be qualified and participants can withdraw at any time if they feel unable to continue. The 10-point Nuremberg Code was the first international code of research ethics.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) - mainly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease - are not just one of the world’s most pressing health concerns but also a significant development challenge. They impede social and economic development and are driven by underlying social, economic, political, environmental and cultural factors, broadly known as ‘social determinants’.
Working alongside specialist health partners, actors outside the health sector are uniquely well positioned to address the social determinants of NCDs.
Direct standardization is a technique used to remove the effects of differences in variables like age when comparing populations. It applies the age-specific rates of the target populations to the age group structure of a standard population. This allows comparison of what the rates would be in the standard population if it had the same age-specific rates as the target populations. Choosing an appropriate standard population is important, such as one that is relevant to the target populations and suitable for the comparison being made.
For the poor in urban slums, the majority of the programs targeting community health are often to combat communicable diseases or do not prioritize NCD related outcomes.
The document provides an introduction and training guide for using Epi Info software to analyze data collected using the WHO STEPS Instrument. It covers topics such as installing Epi Info, opening and navigating the software, managing variables in a data table, performing basic statistics and tables, using programs and commands, and producing outputs. The goal is to build capacity for countries to use Epi Info to analyze their STEPS data and produce STEPS Country Reports.
Social determinantsof noncommunicable diseases in jordan by Dr Musa AjlouniMusa Ajlouni
1. Jordan faces high rates of noncommunicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and cancer that are linked to social determinants of health.
2. Key social issues influencing health in Jordan include a high poverty rate, unemployment, urbanization, and income inequality that impact access to healthcare.
3. Behavioral risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and vitamin D deficiency are common in Jordan and contribute to high rates of conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.
ueda2013 prevalence and burden of diabetes-d.michael hirstueda2015
The document discusses the global burden of diabetes, providing statistics on the prevalence and increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide. Some key points:
- 371 million people currently have diabetes, projected to rise to over 550 million by 2030.
- 80% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries.
- Diabetes resulted in $471 billion in global healthcare expenditures in 2012.
- The number of people with diabetes is increasing in every country.
The document discusses the Nuremberg Code, which was established after the Nuremberg Trials in response to unethical medical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors during World War II without participants' consent. The Code established ethical research principles including voluntary informed consent, beneficence, and that experiments should avoid unnecessary harm or injury. It also states that researchers must be qualified and participants can withdraw at any time if they feel unable to continue. The 10-point Nuremberg Code was the first international code of research ethics.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) - mainly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease - are not just one of the world’s most pressing health concerns but also a significant development challenge. They impede social and economic development and are driven by underlying social, economic, political, environmental and cultural factors, broadly known as ‘social determinants’.
Working alongside specialist health partners, actors outside the health sector are uniquely well positioned to address the social determinants of NCDs.
Direct standardization is a technique used to remove the effects of differences in variables like age when comparing populations. It applies the age-specific rates of the target populations to the age group structure of a standard population. This allows comparison of what the rates would be in the standard population if it had the same age-specific rates as the target populations. Choosing an appropriate standard population is important, such as one that is relevant to the target populations and suitable for the comparison being made.
For the poor in urban slums, the majority of the programs targeting community health are often to combat communicable diseases or do not prioritize NCD related outcomes.
Increasing Burden of NCD in Malaysia: Challenges in resource allocationFeisul Mustapha
This document discusses the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Malaysia and the challenges in allocating resources. It notes that NCDs such as heart disease, diabetes, cancers and chronic lung disease account for over 75% of deaths in Malaysia and result in high economic costs. Risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption contribute significantly to the disease burden. While population-based interventions targeting these risk factors can help reduce NCD rates cost-effectively, the growing number of people with NCDs or at high risk of NCDs poses challenges for resource allocation and achieving universal healthcare coverage in Malaysia.
This is a drugs presentation for year 8 students who are learning about drugs and their effects of humans, this is being used as part of a PSHE course.
This document discusses drug abuse and addiction. It defines a drug as any substance used for medical purposes and defines addiction as habitual and uncontrolled dependence on a substance. It classifies types of drugs and their examples and discusses how drug addiction often begins due to factors like curiosity, peer pressure, depression, or a desire for excitement. The document specifically examines tobacco and nicotine, noting tobacco's origins and the stimulant and relaxing effects of nicotine but also its risks like increased heart disease and reduced fetal growth. It also looks at alcohol, explaining reasons for drinking like social pressures or wanting to escape difficulties in life. The overall goal is to raise awareness of the harmful effects of drugs.
The most common drug is marijuana. Marijuana use is increasing while opium and cocaine use are decreasing. The year 2000 saw the highest rates of drug use according to the document.
This document discusses the dangers of drug abuse, including addiction, health problems, and death. It notes that drugs can affect each person differently based on their brain chemistry and prior drug exposure. Common signs of drug abuse are listed, such as declining interest in activities, mood swings, and associating with known drug users. The most commonly abused drugs in the Philippines like methamphetamine, marijuana, and inhalants are described along with their short and long term negative health effects.
The document discusses drugs, drug abuse, and addiction. It defines drugs as substances that alter normal bodily functions when absorbed into the body. It notes that drug abuse is an intense desire to obtain increasing amounts of a substance and that drug dependence results in physical harm and behavioral issues over the long term. The document also shares the story of a teenager named Alby who abused drugs from ages 13 to 18 but was able to get treatment and now feels better about himself. It discusses surveys and activities conducted by students on these topics, including visiting a rehabilitation center.
This document discusses drugs and their effects. It defines a drug as any chemical that affects the body's functioning. It notes that heroin, alcohol, ecstasy, caffeine and nicotine are all forms of drugs. Drugs must pass through the body and into the brain to change brain cell functioning by interfering with neurotransmitters. Drugs can make people less aware and alert, and can relieve pain, but can also cause sleepiness, convulsions, comas and even death. Hard drugs are physically addictive and easy to overdose on, while soft drugs are not physically addictive. Illegal drugs are classified as Class A, B or C depending on their penalties for possession and dealing. The document provides signs that someone
Benzene is a natural component of crude oil and refined petroleum that is used widely as a solvent and in the manufacture of chemicals. It is highly toxic, carcinogenic, and exposure can cause blood disorders like leukemia. Sources of benzene exposure include tobacco smoke, vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and its use as a solvent. Symptoms of exposure include irritation and effects on blood and immune function. Workplace controls and personal protective equipment can help limit exposure. Occupational health specialists can work to reduce the use of benzene and educate about the risks of exposure.
This presentation discusses the history and effects of drug use and addiction. It begins by defining drugs and their medical uses. It then discusses how drug use has occurred among humans and animals for thousands of years. The presentation covers the causes and negative effects of drug abuse and addiction, including health issues, social problems, and criminal behavior. It also provides details on the production of major drugs like opium and organizations working to address addiction worldwide and in Pakistan.
This document provides information about drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as substances that affect the body and brain, and notes that not all drugs are illegal. It then discusses different types of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, providing examples of each and their effects. The document also addresses why people use drugs, signs of drug use, and what can be done to help someone with a drug problem.
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
Presentation_Behar - Private Public Partnerships and CKDuCORE Group
The document summarizes statistics and information about the sugarcane agribusiness in Mexico, including:
- It produced over 6 million tons of sugar in 2017/2018 and generated nearly 500,000 direct jobs.
- It has a complex supply chain involving sugarcane suppliers, mills, transportation, and the food industry.
- It has a legal framework including laws governing sustainable development of sugarcane and labor relations in mills.
- The government has a National Sugarcane Agribusiness Program to increase productivity and competitiveness.
Presentation_World Vision - Private Public Partnerships and CKDuCORE Group
The Fields of Hope project by World Vision Mexico seeks to prevent and reduce child labor in the sugarcane and coffee sectors in the states of Veracruz and Oaxaca. It aims to benefit 1,520 children at risk of or engaged in child labor across 24 communities and 4 municipalities. The project takes an integral approach through advocacy, collaboration with the private sector, and sensitizing communities and workers, while also promoting access to education.
Presentation_Wesseling - Private Public Partnerships and CKDuCORE Group
This document discusses the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) affecting agricultural workers along the Pacific coast of Central America. It provides evidence that the disease has an occupational etiology related to heat stress and dehydration experienced by sugarcane and other field workers. Studies show physiological changes in workers consistent with heat stress and dehydration across work shifts. Longitudinal studies find declines in kidney function over harvest seasons among heat-exposed occupations. Intervention studies reducing heat stress through water, rest, and shade have shown reduced declines in kidney function. While some non-occupational factors may also contribute, the evidence strongly suggests that prolonged occupational heat stress is a primary driver of the CKDu epidemic.
Presentation_NCDs - Private Public Partnerships and CKDuCORE Group
Non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes are leading causes of death and disability globally but receive little focus from global health initiatives. While communicable diseases have declined in recent decades, deaths from non-communicable diseases have increased and pose growing health and economic challenges as treatments remain limited. Experts call for greater prioritization and resources for non-communicable diseases on the global health agenda.
Presentation_HRH2030 - Opportunities to optimize and integrate CHWCORE Group
This document summarizes a conference session on integrating and optimizing community health workers (CHWs) in health systems from global and local perspectives. The session included a fishbowl-style debate where attendees were invited to discuss questions about implementing the WHO CHW Guideline recommendations, important partnerships for training CHWs, priorities for managing and supporting newly recognized CHWs, considerations for optimizing the role of CHWs, and innovations needed to shape and sustain CHWs' roles by 2030.
Presentation_Save the Children - Building Partnerships to Provide Nurturing CareCORE Group
This document discusses the experiences of a mother giving birth to a preemie baby named Becky at 30 weeks gestation. Some key points include:
- Becky spent time in the NICU and the mother felt her discharge was rushed, leaving her unprepared to deal with feeding and breathing issues at home.
- Becky faced various developmental issues over time, including low muscle tone, sensory processing disorder, autism, ADHD, and scoliosis.
- The mother advocates for increased support for preemie babies and their families, including more parent education, counseling, early intervention services, and IEP supports over time.
Presentation_Video - Building Partnerships to provide nurturing careCORE Group
This 4 minute video provides an overview of the key events in the history of the United States from 1492 to the early 2000s. It touches on major milestones like the founding of colonies, the American Revolution, westward expansion, the Civil War, industrialization, both World Wars, the Cold War, and events of the early 21st century. The video presents a high-level chronological summary of major political, economic and social developments that shaped America over the past 500+ years.
Presentation_Perez - Building Partnerships to provide nurturing careCORE Group
This document provides information on empowering health workers and caregivers to deliver therapeutic early childhood development care at home. It discusses how 90% of brain development occurs before age 5 and the importance of nurturing care for young children. The document outlines capacity development for parents and caregivers, including guidance on conducting activities that integrate motor, social-emotional, and therapeutic skills into daily routines. It also stresses the importance of addressing caregiver stress and depression through psychosocial support groups to promote child development.
Presentation_Robb-McCord - Building Partnerships to provide nurturing careCORE Group
The document summarizes key points from a CORE Group meeting on nurturing care for preterm newborns. It discusses how nurturing care involves providing a stable, sensitive environment that meets children's health needs from birth to 3 years. The evidence review examines interventions like skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, managing pain and stress, sleep protection and stimulation. Country case studies from both high and low income nations are also being conducted to understand policies and guidelines supporting nurturing care concepts.
Presentation_Discussion - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
Participants in a small group discussed how to integrate norms-shifting interventions into current projects and programs. They considered what new partnerships would be needed when working to shift social norms and what evidence of the effectiveness of norms-shifting interventions should be collected, for whom, and how.
Presentation_Krieger - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
The document discusses the origins and theories of social norms. It notes that early theorists like Durkheim, Weber, and Ogburn contributed to understanding where norms come from and how they guide behavior. Parsons further explored how members of society are socialized to norms. Later, feminist anthropologists studied norms and social control, especially regarding gender. The document contrasts philosophical, psychological, and anthropological approaches to studying norms and culture. It argues that knowledge of cultural norms can help reduce unexpected outcomes in social science and shift narratives to achieve behavior change. The example of the Albania Family Planning Project shows how understanding local norms was key to successfully promoting contraceptive use.
Increasing Burden of NCD in Malaysia: Challenges in resource allocationFeisul Mustapha
This document discusses the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Malaysia and the challenges in allocating resources. It notes that NCDs such as heart disease, diabetes, cancers and chronic lung disease account for over 75% of deaths in Malaysia and result in high economic costs. Risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption contribute significantly to the disease burden. While population-based interventions targeting these risk factors can help reduce NCD rates cost-effectively, the growing number of people with NCDs or at high risk of NCDs poses challenges for resource allocation and achieving universal healthcare coverage in Malaysia.
This is a drugs presentation for year 8 students who are learning about drugs and their effects of humans, this is being used as part of a PSHE course.
This document discusses drug abuse and addiction. It defines a drug as any substance used for medical purposes and defines addiction as habitual and uncontrolled dependence on a substance. It classifies types of drugs and their examples and discusses how drug addiction often begins due to factors like curiosity, peer pressure, depression, or a desire for excitement. The document specifically examines tobacco and nicotine, noting tobacco's origins and the stimulant and relaxing effects of nicotine but also its risks like increased heart disease and reduced fetal growth. It also looks at alcohol, explaining reasons for drinking like social pressures or wanting to escape difficulties in life. The overall goal is to raise awareness of the harmful effects of drugs.
The most common drug is marijuana. Marijuana use is increasing while opium and cocaine use are decreasing. The year 2000 saw the highest rates of drug use according to the document.
This document discusses the dangers of drug abuse, including addiction, health problems, and death. It notes that drugs can affect each person differently based on their brain chemistry and prior drug exposure. Common signs of drug abuse are listed, such as declining interest in activities, mood swings, and associating with known drug users. The most commonly abused drugs in the Philippines like methamphetamine, marijuana, and inhalants are described along with their short and long term negative health effects.
The document discusses drugs, drug abuse, and addiction. It defines drugs as substances that alter normal bodily functions when absorbed into the body. It notes that drug abuse is an intense desire to obtain increasing amounts of a substance and that drug dependence results in physical harm and behavioral issues over the long term. The document also shares the story of a teenager named Alby who abused drugs from ages 13 to 18 but was able to get treatment and now feels better about himself. It discusses surveys and activities conducted by students on these topics, including visiting a rehabilitation center.
This document discusses drugs and their effects. It defines a drug as any chemical that affects the body's functioning. It notes that heroin, alcohol, ecstasy, caffeine and nicotine are all forms of drugs. Drugs must pass through the body and into the brain to change brain cell functioning by interfering with neurotransmitters. Drugs can make people less aware and alert, and can relieve pain, but can also cause sleepiness, convulsions, comas and even death. Hard drugs are physically addictive and easy to overdose on, while soft drugs are not physically addictive. Illegal drugs are classified as Class A, B or C depending on their penalties for possession and dealing. The document provides signs that someone
Benzene is a natural component of crude oil and refined petroleum that is used widely as a solvent and in the manufacture of chemicals. It is highly toxic, carcinogenic, and exposure can cause blood disorders like leukemia. Sources of benzene exposure include tobacco smoke, vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and its use as a solvent. Symptoms of exposure include irritation and effects on blood and immune function. Workplace controls and personal protective equipment can help limit exposure. Occupational health specialists can work to reduce the use of benzene and educate about the risks of exposure.
This presentation discusses the history and effects of drug use and addiction. It begins by defining drugs and their medical uses. It then discusses how drug use has occurred among humans and animals for thousands of years. The presentation covers the causes and negative effects of drug abuse and addiction, including health issues, social problems, and criminal behavior. It also provides details on the production of major drugs like opium and organizations working to address addiction worldwide and in Pakistan.
This document provides information about drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as substances that affect the body and brain, and notes that not all drugs are illegal. It then discusses different types of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, providing examples of each and their effects. The document also addresses why people use drugs, signs of drug use, and what can be done to help someone with a drug problem.
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
Presentation_Behar - Private Public Partnerships and CKDuCORE Group
The document summarizes statistics and information about the sugarcane agribusiness in Mexico, including:
- It produced over 6 million tons of sugar in 2017/2018 and generated nearly 500,000 direct jobs.
- It has a complex supply chain involving sugarcane suppliers, mills, transportation, and the food industry.
- It has a legal framework including laws governing sustainable development of sugarcane and labor relations in mills.
- The government has a National Sugarcane Agribusiness Program to increase productivity and competitiveness.
Presentation_World Vision - Private Public Partnerships and CKDuCORE Group
The Fields of Hope project by World Vision Mexico seeks to prevent and reduce child labor in the sugarcane and coffee sectors in the states of Veracruz and Oaxaca. It aims to benefit 1,520 children at risk of or engaged in child labor across 24 communities and 4 municipalities. The project takes an integral approach through advocacy, collaboration with the private sector, and sensitizing communities and workers, while also promoting access to education.
Presentation_Wesseling - Private Public Partnerships and CKDuCORE Group
This document discusses the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) affecting agricultural workers along the Pacific coast of Central America. It provides evidence that the disease has an occupational etiology related to heat stress and dehydration experienced by sugarcane and other field workers. Studies show physiological changes in workers consistent with heat stress and dehydration across work shifts. Longitudinal studies find declines in kidney function over harvest seasons among heat-exposed occupations. Intervention studies reducing heat stress through water, rest, and shade have shown reduced declines in kidney function. While some non-occupational factors may also contribute, the evidence strongly suggests that prolonged occupational heat stress is a primary driver of the CKDu epidemic.
Presentation_NCDs - Private Public Partnerships and CKDuCORE Group
Non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes are leading causes of death and disability globally but receive little focus from global health initiatives. While communicable diseases have declined in recent decades, deaths from non-communicable diseases have increased and pose growing health and economic challenges as treatments remain limited. Experts call for greater prioritization and resources for non-communicable diseases on the global health agenda.
Presentation_HRH2030 - Opportunities to optimize and integrate CHWCORE Group
This document summarizes a conference session on integrating and optimizing community health workers (CHWs) in health systems from global and local perspectives. The session included a fishbowl-style debate where attendees were invited to discuss questions about implementing the WHO CHW Guideline recommendations, important partnerships for training CHWs, priorities for managing and supporting newly recognized CHWs, considerations for optimizing the role of CHWs, and innovations needed to shape and sustain CHWs' roles by 2030.
Presentation_Save the Children - Building Partnerships to Provide Nurturing CareCORE Group
This document discusses the experiences of a mother giving birth to a preemie baby named Becky at 30 weeks gestation. Some key points include:
- Becky spent time in the NICU and the mother felt her discharge was rushed, leaving her unprepared to deal with feeding and breathing issues at home.
- Becky faced various developmental issues over time, including low muscle tone, sensory processing disorder, autism, ADHD, and scoliosis.
- The mother advocates for increased support for preemie babies and their families, including more parent education, counseling, early intervention services, and IEP supports over time.
Presentation_Video - Building Partnerships to provide nurturing careCORE Group
This 4 minute video provides an overview of the key events in the history of the United States from 1492 to the early 2000s. It touches on major milestones like the founding of colonies, the American Revolution, westward expansion, the Civil War, industrialization, both World Wars, the Cold War, and events of the early 21st century. The video presents a high-level chronological summary of major political, economic and social developments that shaped America over the past 500+ years.
Presentation_Perez - Building Partnerships to provide nurturing careCORE Group
This document provides information on empowering health workers and caregivers to deliver therapeutic early childhood development care at home. It discusses how 90% of brain development occurs before age 5 and the importance of nurturing care for young children. The document outlines capacity development for parents and caregivers, including guidance on conducting activities that integrate motor, social-emotional, and therapeutic skills into daily routines. It also stresses the importance of addressing caregiver stress and depression through psychosocial support groups to promote child development.
Presentation_Robb-McCord - Building Partnerships to provide nurturing careCORE Group
The document summarizes key points from a CORE Group meeting on nurturing care for preterm newborns. It discusses how nurturing care involves providing a stable, sensitive environment that meets children's health needs from birth to 3 years. The evidence review examines interventions like skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, managing pain and stress, sleep protection and stimulation. Country case studies from both high and low income nations are also being conducted to understand policies and guidelines supporting nurturing care concepts.
Presentation_Discussion - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
Participants in a small group discussed how to integrate norms-shifting interventions into current projects and programs. They considered what new partnerships would be needed when working to shift social norms and what evidence of the effectiveness of norms-shifting interventions should be collected, for whom, and how.
Presentation_Krieger - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
The document discusses the origins and theories of social norms. It notes that early theorists like Durkheim, Weber, and Ogburn contributed to understanding where norms come from and how they guide behavior. Parsons further explored how members of society are socialized to norms. Later, feminist anthropologists studied norms and social control, especially regarding gender. The document contrasts philosophical, psychological, and anthropological approaches to studying norms and culture. It argues that knowledge of cultural norms can help reduce unexpected outcomes in social science and shift narratives to achieve behavior change. The example of the Albania Family Planning Project shows how understanding local norms was key to successfully promoting contraceptive use.
Presentation_NSI - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
This document discusses the key attributes of norms-shifting interventions. It identifies several attributes that make an intervention effective at shifting social norms, including seeking community-level change, engaging people at multiple levels, correcting misperceptions around harmful behaviors, confronting power imbalances related to gender, creating safe spaces for critical reflection, rooting the issue within community values, accurately assessing norms, using organized diffusion, and creating positive new norms. The document provides examples and explanations for each of these attributes.
Presentation_Igras - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
This document discusses using theory to inform the work of a learning collaborative (LC) on norms-shifting interventions for adolescent reproductive health. It outlines several relevant theories, including social norm and behavior change theory and communication and behavior change theories. It also discusses the value of "bottom-up" program change theory developed from implementation experience. The LC aims to facilitate collaboration between organizations, build knowledge, and develop shared tools to guide effective social norm measurement and practice at scale. By working collaboratively, the LC can take a more experimental approach in this nascent field while still being informed by relevant theories.
Presentation_Petraglia - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
This document discusses a constructivist perspective on norms and normative change. Some key points of constructivism are that knowledge is constructed through social interaction and prior experiences, and meaning is negotiated through language. Constructivism acknowledges that individuals belong to multiple reference groups and can choose which norms to follow in a given situation. Normative change interventions cannot directly manage or control norms, but may be able to influence them by facilitating dialogue, clarifying language, and encouraging ethical persuasion rather than direct attribution. Norms and beliefs are also difficult to accurately measure.
Presentation_Sprinkel - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
This presentation provides an overview of CARE's Tipping Point initiative which aims to address child, early and forced marriage in Nepal and Bangladesh through community programming and evidence generation. In Phase 1 from 2013-2017, the project worked with adolescents, parents and leaders in 16 districts across the two countries. Norms influencing child marriage include excluding girls' voices, controlling girls' sexuality, and perceptions of risks/benefits of marriage timing. Phase 2 implements a randomized control trial to generate evidence on effective gender transformative programming and the value of social norms approaches. Challenges included discussing sexuality while successes included girls gaining greater freedom and mobility.
Presentation_Tura - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
This document discusses the Care Group approach used in an intervention in Nepal from 2005-2010. It aimed to shift social norms around maternal and child health issues through community groups. Formative research identified key norms and barriers. Community groups engaged women to reflect critically and root issues in community values. Evaluations found sustained impact on behaviors like breastfeeding years later. Challenges included focusing directly on norm drivers and unrealistic community health worker workloads. Further research on accurate norm assessment and evidence-based norm-shifting is still needed.
Presentation_Sacher - Norms Shifting InterventionsCORE Group
This document summarizes Cristina Bicchieri's theory of social norms, which is grounded in philosophy, game theory, and psychology. The key aspects of the theory include conditional preferences that depend on social expectations, personal normative beliefs about what should be done, and expectations about what others in one's reference network do and think should be done. The implications for practice highlighted in the document include providing a theory of change, identifying the nature of norms to design appropriate interventions, and using data and illustrative vignettes to measure norms and guide social change programs.
Innovative Financing Mechanisms and Effective Management of Risk for Partners...CORE Group
The document summarizes the Utkrisht Development Impact Bond in India, which aims to improve quality of care in private maternity facilities. It discusses how impact bonds can mobilize private capital for development by lowering investment risk. The Utkrisht bond provides funds for accrediting 360-440 private facilities over 3 years. Facilities receive quality improvement support and investors are repaid based on the number of facilities accredited. Early lessons show facilities are motivated to improve if it grows their business and they receive support meeting standards. The bond also provides a framework for continuously improving the project and managing risks between partners.
Presentation_Multisectoral Partnerships and Innovations for Early Childhood D...CORE Group
This document summarizes a discussion on multi-sectoral partnerships and innovation for early childhood development. It was presented by several experts, including Dr. Maureen Black from RTI International, Dr. Joy Noel Baumgartner from Duke University, Mohammed Ali from Catholic Relief Services, Dr. Chessa Lutter from RTI International, and Dr. Erin Milner from USAID. The discussion covered topics like the importance of early childhood development, the Nurturing Care Framework, metrics and measures for childhood development, partnerships for early childhood programs, and challenges and next steps.
Presentation_Jurczynska - Catalyzing Investments in RMNCAH at the Community L...CORE Group
The document describes an evidence-based advocacy model called the Family Planning – Sustainable Development Goals (FP-SDGs) model. The model allows users to quantify the impacts of different family planning scenarios on 13 Sustainable Development Goal indicators out to 2030 or 2050. Users input baseline data and create three future scenarios capturing various levels of ambition for family planning and other socioeconomic factors. The model then projects population figures and calculates outcomes for the SDG indicators. Results can support advocacy efforts to increase funding and prioritization of family planning programs and policies. Examples of the model's use in Malawi, Tanzania, and West Africa demonstrate its ability to quantify potential development impacts of expanding access to voluntary family planning.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
1. Epi Info™/ProPAN
Roger Mir, MSSE, MBA, MCSD
Computer Scientist
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
05/01/2012
Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office
2. Agenda
Epi Info™ Overview
Background
Current Usages
New Version
Features
Demonstration
ProPAN Demo
Questions / Discussion
3. What is Epi Info™?
A suite of public domain software tools designed for
the global community of public health practitioners
and researchers.
Used extensively throughout CDC, domestically and
internationally.
4. History of Epi Info™
1993 1998
The idea of a Microsoft Windows Epi Info v.6 was redistributed 2007
1987 based version of Epi Info introduced. with Y2K compatibility. Epi Info v. 3.4.3 provides compatibility
Epi Info v.2 distributed.
with industry standards.
1985 1996 2000 2009
Epi Info is The Epi Info Worldwide Epi Info 2000 is released Epi Info 7 is
1990 2005
developed. Discussion LISTSERV transferred developed
Epi Info v.5 dispersed to CDC. Inception of the
internationally. Epi Info rewrite
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Epi Info v.1
implemented Internet distribution of
as a DOS path file. Epi Info began.
1986 1994 Epi Info 2000 for Microsoft Windows 95,
98 and NT was released.
Epi Info v.3 and v.4 disseminated 1999
to the masses.
1988
Evaluation of Epi Info Epi Info 2002 is released. Epi Info v. 3.5 released.
performed. 2002 2008
Epi Info version, Epi Map v.1
and Epi Map v.2 developed. 1997
1992
5. Epi Info™ Registered Users In State Health
Departments
70
62 62
55 55
44 42 41
34 33 32 31 29 29 29 28 26
22 21 20 20 18 17
Tx Mo Va Fl Ga Ny Ca Tn Md Pa Il Mn Ky Ma Nc Ct Or Az Oh La Ut Id Wy
16 16 16 15 14 14 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 11 11 11 10 10
7 7
5 4 4 4
1
Hi Nj Wi Ri Ks Mt Ia In Ms Nd Ne Ak Ok Co Sc Wa Mi Nm Nh Nv Sd Al Me De Vt
Over 1,080 State Health Department users have registered Epi Info™ since 2001
6. 98
Honduras
1129
Colombia
98
Israel
Mexico
1041
98
Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom 961
96
Ghana
Canada
884
96
Puerto Rico
Spain
Other Countries >45 Users
93
uruguay
Italy
89
Cuba
Argentina
709 707 645
Brazil - 3,000 registered users.
87
Iran
India
87
Tanzania
China
632 623
84
Bangladesh
Unites States - 12,000 registered users.
Chile
83
Nicaragua
France
517 477
Zimbabwe 77
Peru
67
Ethiopia
Australia
63
Greece
421 395
59
Russia Japan
57
Poland Thailand
55
Lithuania South Africa
317 276 260
53
Ireland Sweden
53
Mozambique
Nigeria
51
Congo, De…
Taiwan
51
Tunisia
Germany
50
Nepal
Epi Info™ Registration by Country
Portugal
Over 32, 500 users around the world have registered Epi Info™ since 2001
50
Sudan
Indonesia
234 226 214 212 212 197
46
Benin
46
Czech…
7. Strengths
Free
Versatility
Agile during emergencies
Robust for large-scale data collection and management
Enables data sharing
Uses standard vocabulary
Has robust import/export capabilities
Fits the needs of epidemiology
12. ProPAN Team
Chessa Lutter, PAHO/WHO
Roger Mir, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Helena Pachón, Emory Rollins School of Public Health
Kevin Sullivan, Emory Rollins School of Public Health
Edith Chung, UNICEF
Christine Rudart, UNICEF
Hilary Creed de Kanashiro, Institute for Investigation in
Nutrition, Peru
13. Roger Mir
Email: rmir@cdc.gov
It’s FREE!!!
Download your copy of Epi Info™ Today:
http://www.cdc.gov/EpiInfo
For more information please contact Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333
Telephone, 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636)/TTY: 1-888-232-6348
E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.gov Web: www.cdc.gov
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official
position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
Public Health Surveillance Program Office