Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented. Propaganda can be found in news and journalism, government, advertising, entertainment, education, and activism and is often associated with material which is prepared by governments as part of war efforts, political campaigns, health campaigns, revolutionaries, big businesses, ultra-religious organizations, the media, and certain individuals such as soapboxes.

1. Name: Hussain Ali Safdar
Subject: Intro to Mass Communication
Assignment Topic: Propaganda as communication tool
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an
audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively
presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded
language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the
information that is being presented. Propaganda can be found in news and
journalism, government, advertising, entertainment, education, and activism and is
often associated with material which is prepared by governments as part of war
efforts, political campaigns, health campaigns, revolutionaries, big
businesses, ultra-religious organizations, the media, and certain individuals such
as soapboxes.
How Does Propaganda Works?
Propaganda is a type of communication that is used to promote a particular
agenda or point of view. It can be used to influence people's opinions or to control
their behavior. Propaganda often relies on disinformation and misinformation,
which can be very effective in shaping people's opinions.
How Is Propaganda Used in Advertising?
Advertisers use to try to convince people to buy their products. One example of
propaganda in advertising is the use of fear tactics. Advertisers may try to
convince people that they need a certain product in order to avoid a negative
outcome.
Another common technique is the use of which is when advertisers try to convince
people that everyone is using a certain product and that they should too.

2. How Is Propaganda Used in Politics?
Propaganda is often used in politics to influence people's opinions about a
particular political candidate or issue.
Political propaganda can take many forms, but it often relies on emotional
appeals, name-calling, and scare tactics.
Propaganda Types
With propaganda running into trouble due to its implicit negative connotation, it is
important to differentiate between different types of propaganda. This would help
us in distinguishing between the positive and negative side of it, as well. On one
hand, propaganda could be used to incite masses to certain ends, and on the other
it could even be used to pacify them into a non-challenging lumber. Extant
literature defines the following three types of propaganda.
 White Propaganda
This is the type of propaganda where the origin of the information is known and
the content is considered truthful. This, by definition then, would encompass most
of the advertising done by corporates or governments.
 Black Propaganda
In this type of propaganda, the origin of the source is unknown and the information
being transmitted is false. This type of Propaganda is fairly common in war efforts
and political marketing, where the truth may not see any daylight.
Propaganda Devices
Below is a list of some common propaganda devices:
 Name-calling: Name-calling involves using derogatory terms to describe an
opponent or enemy.

3.  Appealing to emotions: Propaganda often relies on emotional appeals to
influence people's opinions. For example, propaganda might use fear or
anger to get people to support a particular cause.
 Bandwagoning: Bandwagoning is a technique that uses peer pressure to
convince people to do something. For example, a political candidate might
say "everyone is voting for me, so you should too."
 Scare tactics: Scare tactics are used to frighten people into supporting a
particular cause. For example, a campaign might warn people that if they
don't vote, then a dangerous criminal will be elected.
 Manipulating Information: Manipulating information involves distorting or
misrepresenting the facts to influence people's opinions. For example, a
political campaign might make false claims about an opponent in order to
make them look bad.
 Using False Statistics: Using false or misleading statistics is a common
propaganda technique. For example, a campaign might claim that most
people support their candidate, even if this is not true.
 Making Unrealistic Promises: Making unrealistic promises is another
common technique used in propaganda. For example, a candidate might
promise to end poverty, even though this is not possible.
 Using Symbols: Symbols are often used in propaganda to represent an idea
or concept. For example, the Nazi party used the swastika to represent their
belief in racial purity.
 Slogans: Slogans are short, catchphrases that are used to summarize an
idea or concept. For example, "Make America Great Again" was one of
Donald Trump's campaign slogans.
 Plain Folks: The plain folks' appeal is a technique that uses average,
everyday people to endorse a product or candidate. The idea is that if
regular people like something, then it must be good. For example, a political
campaign might use ordinary citizens in their commercials to try to appeal
to voters.
 Testimonials: Testimonials are endorsements from famous or respected
people. For example, a celebrity might endorse a candidate for office, or a
doctor might endorse a new medication.