The document discusses several programming languages used for business: Python, Java, Visual Basic, SQL, and UML. Python is commonly used to build web applications, power Instagram, and automate tasks. Java can create applications that run on single/distributed systems and applets for webpages. Visual Basic uses a graphical interface to modify preselected code sections. Object-oriented programming organizes code around objects rather than actions/data. UML provides standard ways to visualize system designs before coding through diagrams. SQL is used to manage relational databases and perform operations on data using commands like select, insert, update, and delete.