Buildings already account for 25% of China’s primary energy consumption, and this share will grow over the coming decades as China continues to urbanize and building energy use intensity increases. Green building presents an enormous opportunity to limit China's green house gas emissions, but to slow and eventually reduce building energy consumption requires the objective study and certification of what “green” really means. Two rating systems, China’s 3-Star system, and the United States Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED system, are helping to ensure the promise of green building is more than just hype. By providing an objective and trusted seal of approval these rating system help create accountability -- transforming the building marketplace so that environmental performance metrics become part of the economic equation. The growth and popularity of these programs is an encouraging sign, but how effective are these rating systems in reducing energy consumption in practice? This presentation analyzes the factors behind the continuing increases in building energy consumption in China, compare LEED and the 3-Star system, and present preliminary findings into whether or not green building rating systems are truly living up to their promise.
This document discusses the application of carbon nanotubes in plastics. It describes how carbon nanotubes have extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties like high strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity. It then explains how Bayer MaterialScience produces multi-walled carbon nanotube agglomerates called Baytubes through a catalytic chemical vapor deposition process at large scale. These Baytubes have very high purity and can enable new applications in conductive polymers, composites, coatings and other materials.
Annette COWIE, Bhupinderpal SINGH, Lukas VAN ZWIETEN "The value of soil organ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses the potential for biochar to improve soil quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions based on evidence from Amazonian dark earth soils. Biochar is produced from biomass via pyrolysis and can provide long-term carbon storage in soil while also improving soil properties. Research shows biochar can stabilize soil nitrogen and reduce nitrous oxide emissions from soil, with effects dependent on feedstock and production temperature. Biochar may offer a means to recreate the benefits seen in ancient dark earth soils through pyrolysis of biomass and application to agricultural lands.
[Climate Change Program]City Paper Presentation : Guangzhou(China)shrdcinfo
This document summarizes Guangzhou's Air Pollution Prevention & Control Work Plan from 2012-2016. It describes Guangzhou's warm, wet climate and air pollution problems. The plan aims to improve air quality by investing billions to push forward over 10 prevention/control operations and nearly 3000 programs related to renovation, inspection, laws, and technology. Key strategies included strengthening controls on vehicle emissions, volatile organic compounds from industries, and construction site dust while promoting cleaner production audits of companies. The plan achieved remarkable results but further improvements are still needed, such as optimizing energy/industry structures and cross-departmental coordination.
LEED India + Case Study : CII Sohrabji Godrej, ITC Green Centerbaburajiv2007
This document provides an overview of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system in India. It describes LEED India as an adaptation of the international LEED green building rating system administered locally by the Indian Green Building Council. The document outlines the main environmental categories of LEED certification including sustainable site selection, water efficiency, energy use, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. It provides examples of LEED certified projects in India and describes various credits within each category that projects can pursue for certification.
Buildings already account for 25% of China’s primary energy consumption, and this share will grow over the coming decades as China continues to urbanize and building energy use intensity increases. Green building presents an enormous opportunity to limit China's green house gas emissions, but to slow and eventually reduce building energy consumption requires the objective study and certification of what “green” really means. Two rating systems, China’s 3-Star system, and the United States Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED system, are helping to ensure the promise of green building is more than just hype. By providing an objective and trusted seal of approval these rating system help create accountability -- transforming the building marketplace so that environmental performance metrics become part of the economic equation. The growth and popularity of these programs is an encouraging sign, but how effective are these rating systems in reducing energy consumption in practice? This presentation analyzes the factors behind the continuing increases in building energy consumption in China, compare LEED and the 3-Star system, and present preliminary findings into whether or not green building rating systems are truly living up to their promise.
My part of the joint session on Passive House—what it is and why it matters—with Stephan Tanner at the 2009 Minnesota AIA Convention.
The slideshow contains a lot of full-screen images but no subtitles, therefore omitting some of the information which would have been given verbally during the presentation.
[Metropolia Student Project Seminar 24.5.] Zero Energy Buildings, Group BGBC Finland
This document discusses zero energy buildings and provides examples from Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. It defines zero energy buildings and compares different standards. The Riverdale NetZero project in Canada and Little Greenie in New Zealand are presented as residential examples that use solar panels, thermal mass, and heat recovery systems. A large zero carbon emission office building in St. Louis, Missouri uses photovoltaics, solar thermal tubes, and is 76% carbon reducing. The document suggests Finland could adopt zero energy building practices using local climate and technologies from neighbors.
China and the United States together account for 33% of global building energy use currently, and this share is expected to grow to over 40% in the next 10 years. Typical Chinese buildings have much lower comfort conditions than Western standards, with little heating or cooling. However, if comfort levels rise in China to Western levels, building energy use could increase dramatically without improvements in energy efficiency. Research is exploring low-cost efficiency upgrades to reduce heating energy use in northern China, such as reducing air infiltration and installing inexpensive heat controllers.
This document discusses the application of carbon nanotubes in plastics. It describes how carbon nanotubes have extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties like high strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity. It then explains how Bayer MaterialScience produces multi-walled carbon nanotube agglomerates called Baytubes through a catalytic chemical vapor deposition process at large scale. These Baytubes have very high purity and can enable new applications in conductive polymers, composites, coatings and other materials.
Annette COWIE, Bhupinderpal SINGH, Lukas VAN ZWIETEN "The value of soil organ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses the potential for biochar to improve soil quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions based on evidence from Amazonian dark earth soils. Biochar is produced from biomass via pyrolysis and can provide long-term carbon storage in soil while also improving soil properties. Research shows biochar can stabilize soil nitrogen and reduce nitrous oxide emissions from soil, with effects dependent on feedstock and production temperature. Biochar may offer a means to recreate the benefits seen in ancient dark earth soils through pyrolysis of biomass and application to agricultural lands.
[Climate Change Program]City Paper Presentation : Guangzhou(China)shrdcinfo
This document summarizes Guangzhou's Air Pollution Prevention & Control Work Plan from 2012-2016. It describes Guangzhou's warm, wet climate and air pollution problems. The plan aims to improve air quality by investing billions to push forward over 10 prevention/control operations and nearly 3000 programs related to renovation, inspection, laws, and technology. Key strategies included strengthening controls on vehicle emissions, volatile organic compounds from industries, and construction site dust while promoting cleaner production audits of companies. The plan achieved remarkable results but further improvements are still needed, such as optimizing energy/industry structures and cross-departmental coordination.
LEED India + Case Study : CII Sohrabji Godrej, ITC Green Centerbaburajiv2007
This document provides an overview of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system in India. It describes LEED India as an adaptation of the international LEED green building rating system administered locally by the Indian Green Building Council. The document outlines the main environmental categories of LEED certification including sustainable site selection, water efficiency, energy use, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. It provides examples of LEED certified projects in India and describes various credits within each category that projects can pursue for certification.
Buildings already account for 25% of China’s primary energy consumption, and this share will grow over the coming decades as China continues to urbanize and building energy use intensity increases. Green building presents an enormous opportunity to limit China's green house gas emissions, but to slow and eventually reduce building energy consumption requires the objective study and certification of what “green” really means. Two rating systems, China’s 3-Star system, and the United States Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED system, are helping to ensure the promise of green building is more than just hype. By providing an objective and trusted seal of approval these rating system help create accountability -- transforming the building marketplace so that environmental performance metrics become part of the economic equation. The growth and popularity of these programs is an encouraging sign, but how effective are these rating systems in reducing energy consumption in practice? This presentation analyzes the factors behind the continuing increases in building energy consumption in China, compare LEED and the 3-Star system, and present preliminary findings into whether or not green building rating systems are truly living up to their promise.
My part of the joint session on Passive House—what it is and why it matters—with Stephan Tanner at the 2009 Minnesota AIA Convention.
The slideshow contains a lot of full-screen images but no subtitles, therefore omitting some of the information which would have been given verbally during the presentation.
[Metropolia Student Project Seminar 24.5.] Zero Energy Buildings, Group BGBC Finland
This document discusses zero energy buildings and provides examples from Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. It defines zero energy buildings and compares different standards. The Riverdale NetZero project in Canada and Little Greenie in New Zealand are presented as residential examples that use solar panels, thermal mass, and heat recovery systems. A large zero carbon emission office building in St. Louis, Missouri uses photovoltaics, solar thermal tubes, and is 76% carbon reducing. The document suggests Finland could adopt zero energy building practices using local climate and technologies from neighbors.
China and the United States together account for 33% of global building energy use currently, and this share is expected to grow to over 40% in the next 10 years. Typical Chinese buildings have much lower comfort conditions than Western standards, with little heating or cooling. However, if comfort levels rise in China to Western levels, building energy use could increase dramatically without improvements in energy efficiency. Research is exploring low-cost efficiency upgrades to reduce heating energy use in northern China, such as reducing air infiltration and installing inexpensive heat controllers.
Chinese University-Industry Partnerships in Cleantech, Matthew Williams (Augu...Beijing Energy Network
China's universities play a central role in its transition to a knowledge economy, and are a key driver in the development of new energy technologies. In spite of rapid professionalization and capacity growth in the higher education sector, Chinese universities still lag behind the western counterparts they strive to emulate. In this BEER talk, Matthew Williams will explain the dynamics of university-industry relations in China, illustrating these trends with examples of university-energy industry partnerships in Sichuan.
Walter Ge from New Ventures China launches the English Language Impact report on Green SMEs in China, the first report of its kind. Drawing heavily on New Ventures China’s eight years of practical experience working with green SMEs to strengthen their business models and source investment, the Report:
* Develops an exploratory method to evaluate the financial, environmental and social performance of green SMEs, and provides a snapshot of the performance of a survey sample of SMEs against these criteria;
* Evaluates the contribution that green SMEs have made to China’s economic transformation;
* Highlights challenges to the development of green SMEs and identifies areas where SMEs can be better supported in order to achieve their full financial, environmental and social potential;
* Explores ways in which SMEs can realize “environmentally friendly development” and “resource-saving” development, in line with government policy.
China's Long Road to a Low-Carbon Economy, Andrews-Speed (July 2012)Beijing Energy Network
The main determinants of the nature and pace of China’s energy transition lie in the institutions of governance and in the adaptability of these institutions. Strong sources of institutional inertia lie within the government itself and the way it operates, and these are complemented by the behaviour of powerful actors, notably the state-owned energy companies. Although the government has shown the ability and the willingness to make marginal adjustments to institutions, more substantial institutional change across the polity, economy and society in China will be required in order to accelerate the transition. But it is difficult to identify such institutional changes taking place.
Philip Andrews Speed will provide an assessment of these developments and will specifically address the following questions:1) what elements in the manner in which China’s energy sector is governed are likely to assist or constrain the nation’s transition to a low-carbon economy? 2) what are the implications for China's transition to a low-carbon economy?
Water Resource Politics and Policy in China, Scott Moore (July 2012)Beijing Energy Network
China’s energy challenges may be vast, but its water resource situation is probably even more critical, due in no small part to the water requirements of energy extraction and the energy requirements of water transfer. In this talk, gleaned from several years of looking at the problem through the eyes of a political scientist, I’ll summarize China’s water resource challenges, the policies it has put in place to deal with them, and discuss why I think implementing them effectively will require major political reform
Presentation by Alan Lee to the Beijing Energy Network, May 2011: "Evolving carbon prices in an uncertain world: the case for cooperation but not too much".
Smart Power: the Future of Electric Utilities in the US and China, Peter Fox-...Beijing Energy Network
In the presentation Dr. Fox-Penner will be summarizing the key topics in his book, namely the shifts required in the US power grid to change from a centralized, vertically-integrated energy infrastructure to a more distributed generation infrastructure. He will cover the decarbonization of the US power sector as well as the impact of “smart grid” developments. Finally, he will contrast the US situation with that of China and talk about the impact of large amounts of renewables integration on the grid.
This document discusses trends in transportation in the United States from 1970 to 2012. It shows that while driving and GDP grew steadily until 2004, driving has since leveled off even as the economy continues to grow. This indicates that economic growth no longer requires increased driving. The document also discusses policy ideas to make transportation systems more efficient and less costly, such as improving public transit, city planning that encourages multi-modal transportation, and dedicating more space to bus lanes.
Ecocitynotes.com: Critical Analysis of Eco-Cities in China, Ecocitynotes Team...Beijing Energy Network
This document provides an overview of four presentations on the characteristics of eco-districts:
1. Alison Lu introduces the characteristics of eco-districts such as eco-cities, eco-villages, and low-carbon communities, which typically include high-tech development parks, abundant housing, public transportation systems, and pollution remediation and eco-tourism.
2. James Connelly discusses policy indicators and energy consumption in eco-cities, focusing on national indicator systems and factors that influence energy consumption such as sector energy use and urban form.
3. Cecilia Springer presents a case study of the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, examining its key performance indicators and the
After the Spill - China, Environmental Disasters, and the Role of Internatona...Beijing Energy Network
This document discusses environmental disasters in China and the role of international arbitration. It provides an overview of the environmental backdrop in China including high profile catastrophes and growing government activism. It then examines the sources of law for environmental issues, including civil law, criminal law, and administrative law within China as well as international laws. The document also explores the effectiveness of these solutions and complicating factors. Finally, it discusses whether international arbitration could play a role in resolving environmental disputes and examines some features of China's arbitration regime.
Oil Depletion & the Coming Global Energy Crisis, Seth Cook (June 2012)Beijing Energy Network
The 20th century was an era of cheap and abundant resources. Global energy supplies expanded dramatically. But in the early decades of the 21st century, we have already entered an era of scarce and expensive resources. In fact, in this century we may even see a contraction of global energy supplies, particularly of oil. We are perched on the verge of a global energy crisis, although very few people are aware of it, including energy experts.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
Visual Style and Aesthetics: Basics of Visual Design
Visual Design for Enterprise Applications
Range of Visual Styles.
Mobile Interfaces:
Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Design
Approach to Mobile Design
Patterns
Revolutionizing the Digital Landscape: Web Development Companies in Indiaamrsoftec1
Discover unparalleled creativity and technical prowess with India's leading web development companies. From custom solutions to e-commerce platforms, harness the expertise of skilled developers at competitive prices. Transform your digital presence, enhance the user experience, and propel your business to new heights with innovative solutions tailored to your needs, all from the heart of India's tech industry.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
Chinese University-Industry Partnerships in Cleantech, Matthew Williams (Augu...Beijing Energy Network
China's universities play a central role in its transition to a knowledge economy, and are a key driver in the development of new energy technologies. In spite of rapid professionalization and capacity growth in the higher education sector, Chinese universities still lag behind the western counterparts they strive to emulate. In this BEER talk, Matthew Williams will explain the dynamics of university-industry relations in China, illustrating these trends with examples of university-energy industry partnerships in Sichuan.
Walter Ge from New Ventures China launches the English Language Impact report on Green SMEs in China, the first report of its kind. Drawing heavily on New Ventures China’s eight years of practical experience working with green SMEs to strengthen their business models and source investment, the Report:
* Develops an exploratory method to evaluate the financial, environmental and social performance of green SMEs, and provides a snapshot of the performance of a survey sample of SMEs against these criteria;
* Evaluates the contribution that green SMEs have made to China’s economic transformation;
* Highlights challenges to the development of green SMEs and identifies areas where SMEs can be better supported in order to achieve their full financial, environmental and social potential;
* Explores ways in which SMEs can realize “environmentally friendly development” and “resource-saving” development, in line with government policy.
China's Long Road to a Low-Carbon Economy, Andrews-Speed (July 2012)Beijing Energy Network
The main determinants of the nature and pace of China’s energy transition lie in the institutions of governance and in the adaptability of these institutions. Strong sources of institutional inertia lie within the government itself and the way it operates, and these are complemented by the behaviour of powerful actors, notably the state-owned energy companies. Although the government has shown the ability and the willingness to make marginal adjustments to institutions, more substantial institutional change across the polity, economy and society in China will be required in order to accelerate the transition. But it is difficult to identify such institutional changes taking place.
Philip Andrews Speed will provide an assessment of these developments and will specifically address the following questions:1) what elements in the manner in which China’s energy sector is governed are likely to assist or constrain the nation’s transition to a low-carbon economy? 2) what are the implications for China's transition to a low-carbon economy?
Water Resource Politics and Policy in China, Scott Moore (July 2012)Beijing Energy Network
China’s energy challenges may be vast, but its water resource situation is probably even more critical, due in no small part to the water requirements of energy extraction and the energy requirements of water transfer. In this talk, gleaned from several years of looking at the problem through the eyes of a political scientist, I’ll summarize China’s water resource challenges, the policies it has put in place to deal with them, and discuss why I think implementing them effectively will require major political reform
Presentation by Alan Lee to the Beijing Energy Network, May 2011: "Evolving carbon prices in an uncertain world: the case for cooperation but not too much".
Smart Power: the Future of Electric Utilities in the US and China, Peter Fox-...Beijing Energy Network
In the presentation Dr. Fox-Penner will be summarizing the key topics in his book, namely the shifts required in the US power grid to change from a centralized, vertically-integrated energy infrastructure to a more distributed generation infrastructure. He will cover the decarbonization of the US power sector as well as the impact of “smart grid” developments. Finally, he will contrast the US situation with that of China and talk about the impact of large amounts of renewables integration on the grid.
This document discusses trends in transportation in the United States from 1970 to 2012. It shows that while driving and GDP grew steadily until 2004, driving has since leveled off even as the economy continues to grow. This indicates that economic growth no longer requires increased driving. The document also discusses policy ideas to make transportation systems more efficient and less costly, such as improving public transit, city planning that encourages multi-modal transportation, and dedicating more space to bus lanes.
Ecocitynotes.com: Critical Analysis of Eco-Cities in China, Ecocitynotes Team...Beijing Energy Network
This document provides an overview of four presentations on the characteristics of eco-districts:
1. Alison Lu introduces the characteristics of eco-districts such as eco-cities, eco-villages, and low-carbon communities, which typically include high-tech development parks, abundant housing, public transportation systems, and pollution remediation and eco-tourism.
2. James Connelly discusses policy indicators and energy consumption in eco-cities, focusing on national indicator systems and factors that influence energy consumption such as sector energy use and urban form.
3. Cecilia Springer presents a case study of the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, examining its key performance indicators and the
After the Spill - China, Environmental Disasters, and the Role of Internatona...Beijing Energy Network
This document discusses environmental disasters in China and the role of international arbitration. It provides an overview of the environmental backdrop in China including high profile catastrophes and growing government activism. It then examines the sources of law for environmental issues, including civil law, criminal law, and administrative law within China as well as international laws. The document also explores the effectiveness of these solutions and complicating factors. Finally, it discusses whether international arbitration could play a role in resolving environmental disputes and examines some features of China's arbitration regime.
Oil Depletion & the Coming Global Energy Crisis, Seth Cook (June 2012)Beijing Energy Network
The 20th century was an era of cheap and abundant resources. Global energy supplies expanded dramatically. But in the early decades of the 21st century, we have already entered an era of scarce and expensive resources. In fact, in this century we may even see a contraction of global energy supplies, particularly of oil. We are perched on the verge of a global energy crisis, although very few people are aware of it, including energy experts.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
Visual Style and Aesthetics: Basics of Visual Design
Visual Design for Enterprise Applications
Range of Visual Styles.
Mobile Interfaces:
Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Design
Approach to Mobile Design
Patterns
Revolutionizing the Digital Landscape: Web Development Companies in Indiaamrsoftec1
Discover unparalleled creativity and technical prowess with India's leading web development companies. From custom solutions to e-commerce platforms, harness the expertise of skilled developers at competitive prices. Transform your digital presence, enhance the user experience, and propel your business to new heights with innovative solutions tailored to your needs, all from the heart of India's tech industry.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
CapCut is an easy-to-use video editing app perfect for beginners. To start, download and open CapCut on your phone. Tap "New Project" and select the videos or photos you want to edit. You can trim clips by dragging the edges, add text by tapping "Text," and include music by selecting "Audio." Enhance your video with filters and effects from the "Effects" menu. When you're happy with your video, tap the export button to save and share it. CapCut makes video editing simple and fun for everyone!
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
Passive House: The Economic and Environmental Solution for Sustainable Real Estate. Lecture by Tim Eian of TE Studio Passive House Design in November 2022 in Minneapolis.
- The Built Environment
- Let's imagine the perfect building
- The Passive House standard
- Why Passive House targets
- Clean Energy Plans?!
- How does Passive House compare and fit in?
- The business case for Passive House real estate
- Tools to quantify the value of Passive House
- What can I do?
- Resources
Promise of Green Building in China, James Connelly (February 2012)
1. James Connelly LEED ap
Fulbright Research Fellow
Tsinghua University Dept. of
Building Science
The Promise of
Green Building
in China
The growth of building
energy consumption and
the potential of green
building rating systems.
Shanghai Green Energy Research
Center ★★★
2. Outline
› China Building Energy Current Situation
› Factors Behind Building Energy Growth
› Green Building Rating Systems
› LEED
› 3-Star
› Conclusion
3. Current Situation
Current Situation
Building energy consumption per unit floor area
80
UK
英国, 227 加拿大, 155
UK Canada
单位面积建筑能耗: kgce/(m2.a)
60
JP
日本, 245
韩国, 81 荷兰, 37
40 希腊, 27 美国, 1431
澳大利亚, 24
法国, 132
USA
德国, 143
China
20 urban 中国城镇, 453
中国农村, 204
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
人均建筑能耗: kgce/(ca.a)
Building energy consumption per capita
Source: Tsinghua University Building Energy Annual Report 2010
4. Building Energy Growth
› As countries develop building energy usage intensity increases
› China Is at the same level as Japan in the 1960, US in the 1950’s.
Source: Tsinghua University Lectures, Professor Jiang Yi
5. Why do developed countries
buildings consume so much energy?
› Chinese building on average have:
› Less stringent building codes
› Less insulation, leakier windows and doors
› Less advanced heating and cooling systems
› Yet, they still only consume less than half of the
energy of American buildings!
› Why? The answer lies in two interrelated factors:
› Lifestyle and Culture
› System Design and Operation
6. Culture and Lifestyle
› Chinese buildings have:
› Less appliances, particularly clothes dryers
› Less penetration of hot water
› Greater range of acceptable indoor
temperature
› Example my office in Beijing, Jiuzhaigou in the
Winter
› Utility bills are a greater proportion of income
=>
› Culture of energy and water savings
7. System Design and Operation
› China: › US:
Part-time Part-Space Full-Time Full- Space
› Part-Time Lighting › Full-TimeLighting
› Small Volumes › Large Volumes
› Operable Windows › Sealed Buildings
› Decentralized Systems › Centralized Systems
› Individual Control › Centralized Control
› Split Unit Air Conditioners › Centralized HVAC VAV
› Point Source Heating Systems
Source: Tsinghua University Lectures, Professor Jiang Yi, 2011
8. Case study: space heating in China
Heating in North V South China
沈阳
银川
北京
苏州
武汉 上海
温州
调研城市
Source: Tsinghua University Lectures, Professor Jiang Yi, 2011
9. North V South China
› South: › North:
› Individual units relatively › District Heating relatively
inefficient, yet… efficient, yet…
Part-Time Part-Space Full-Time Full-Space
› Intermittent Operation › 24 hour Operation
› Fee By Sq Meter › Fee by usage
› Lower indoor temp › Higher indoor temp
(14-16C) (20C)
› Heat Energy: 5-10 Kwh/m2 › Heat Energy: 90 Kwh/m2
› Much Less than developed › Similar to developed
Countries w/ similar climate Countries w/ similar
(40-60 kwh/m2) climates
Source: Comparative analysis of energy use in China Building Sector: current status, existing problems and solutions,
Energy Power and Engineering China, Shengyuan Zhang, Xiu Yan, Yi Jiang, Qingpeng Wei, 2010
10. Split Unit AC saves energy
› Unit itself is relatively inefficient, but…
› Unit can controlled individually (decentralized)
› When is comfortable, or unoccupied, unit is shut off
(intermittent operation)
› Occupants actively control system to minimize
energy consumption
11. Centralized HVAC VAV systems
waste energy costs the most cooling & heating energy
Re-heat through reheating
AHU, typical state in October
!!"℃
#$℃ !#℃ #%℃ !&℃
'(()*+,"'(*)
-.-"/(0"1*23
456357258
› Cold air is provided at low set temp to each room
› Fresh air must be provide to meet min req. (US 15cfm)
› If the room is too cold => reheated at the terminal
› Upenn Case Study: 50-70% of energy is used to Reheat
› Reheating not technically allowed under Chinese codes
Source: Tsinghua University Lectures, Professor Xia Jianjun, 2011
12. Split Unit V Centralized AC
AC energy for residential units in Beijing
Average of AC energy during summer for each
building: kWh/m2.a
20
18 kWh/m2.a
16 A,split unit
14
12
10 2006
8 2007
6
4
2 B:split unit
0
A B C D E
D E
V Centralized
R
V AC
C:split unit
Source: Tsinghua University Lectures, Professor Jiang Yi, 2011
13. Lifestyle and System Design
are Interrelated
› System design effects occupants ability to actively
reduce energy consumption.
› You can’t open the windows in a sealed office building.
› You can’t turn on the AC in only one room when you
have a centralized system.
› You can’t save energy by turning up the thermostat when
your HVAC VAV terminal just reheats the air.
› As countries develop => adopt developed country standard
heating and cooling technology => lifestyle changes and
energy usage intensity increases
› Slowing and preventing this transition is critical to reducing
building energy consumption in China
14. China’s 2 Modes of Development
› Modern Western › Standardconcrete
style office towers housing and office
in central business blocks surrounding
districts and in the suburbs
15. Profile of Energy Consumption
› Low Energy cluster around 30-40 Kw/m2
› High Energy cluster around 120-150 Kw/m2
Source: Tsinghua University Lectures, Professor Jianjun Xia, 2011
16. Are Green Building Rating
Systems (GBRS) the answer?
2011 China Green Building Action Plan proposed a 75 RMB
subsidy per sq. meter to developers seeking to achieve 3-Star.
Source: USGBC project Directory, MOHURD (does not included 3-Star data for November & December 2011)
17. Similarities: LEED and 3 Star
› Bothchecklist rating systems
› Break green building into categories:
› Land Saving, Energy Saving, Water Saving,
Material Saving, Indoor Environment
› 3- Star has one additional category, Operation
› Pre-requisites(or Control items) in each category
› Different levels of achievement (1,2,3 star)
› Comparison to a theoretical “baseline” design
18. LEED uses a developed
country baseline
China
“Large
Public
Building”
Average:
36
Source:
New Building Institute, Energy Performance of LEED® for New Construction Buildings, March 4, 2008,
Tsinghua University Building Energy Annual Report 2010
19. LEED Uses Energy Models for
Certification
Current Energy
Models are not an
accurate predictor
of building energy
consumption.
New Building Institute, Energy Performance of LEED® for New Construction Buildings, March 4, 2008
20. Is 3-Star Better?
› Chinese standards and codes
› Pre-certification, 1 year post occupancy
evaluation, 3 Year follow up
› More pre-requisites, minimum
achievement in each category
› Focus on on simpler and cheaper solutions,
less on advanced technology
21. 3-Star Performance
Energy
Building Area Energy Consumption Energy Consumption
Project Name (m2) Savings Rating
(kwh/m2a) (kbtu/ft2a)
(%)
Shandong Transportation College
15837 40.0 12.7 50 ★★
Library
Shanghai Building Technology Institute
1994 38.0 12.1 65 ★★★
Green Engineering Research Center
Shanghai Expo Center 142000 146.4 46.5 62.65 ★★★
Shanghai Power Plant and Chimney
31088 164.6 52.2 62.6 ★★★
Renovation (City Hall)
Shangai Eco-Home World Expo Best
3147 45.7 14.5 61 ★★★
Practices Area
US CBEC Survey: On Average US Commercial Buildings
Consumed 91 (kbtu/ft2a) or 287 (KWh/m2a)
Ministry of Housing and Urban Development Green Label Management Office
22. Different But Complementary
Philosophies
› LEED is an industry run organization
› => greater focus on market transformation
› 3-Star is run by government and universities
› => greater focus on energy policy goals
23. Different Market Segments
LEED: Class A Office, Luxury 3-star: Government, Public,
Residential High-End Residential
Raffles City Chengdu | LEED CS Vanke Gardens Shenzhen | ★★
24. Conclusions
› GBRS must consider a country’s state of
development and energy baseline.
› Attention must be paid to the relationship
between system design, lifestyle, and
consumption.
› LEED and 3-star are complementary.
› Green building represents an enormous
market opportunity.
25. Xizhuang Integrated Building Shanghai
★★★
Thank You
James Connelly
seamus.con@gmail.com
ChinaBuildsGreen.com
EcoCityNotes.com