This document summarizes a student project to design a smart trash sorting system using Arduino. The system uses various sensors like IR, inductive proximity, laser, and FSR to sort materials into 4 categories: paper, plastic, glass, and metal. It aims to facilitate recycling and reduce waste sorting time/costs. The system design and circuit implementation are presented. Potential issues discussed are sensor accuracy for similar materials and reducing errors. Future work proposed includes adding audio feedback, replacing sensors to reduce errors, and integrating the system with automation.

1. Nineveh University
Electronics Engineering
Systems and control
Designing a smart trash system for battle
packages cites sorting
Preparation by
Osama Noor
Bakr Ayad
Harith Ali
Supervisor by
Mr.Nashwan Zayour

2. Chapter One
1.1Introduction:
The separation of materials to facilitate waste recycling and utilization
is very important in preserving the environment. This development will
facilitate the material recycling process, reduce the time consumed,
and reduce costs In this research we will shed light on the parts of the
project, its mechanism of work, its importance and the ideas
developed on this idea.
Aim Of System
Smart system separating 4 materials (paper, plastic, glass and metal)

3. 1.2 The Problems
1- The similarity of material properties, which caused us some
kind of error in sensor readings.
2- Problems in time The more sensors used, the more time spent.
3- The difference in current and the consumed voltage is different
from one sensor to another, and this needs to use multiple sources
to feed the sensors.
4-There is no sensor that directly determines the type of material
1.3 Performance index
1-reliablity
2-easy to apply
1.4 Control system performance
1-minimum steady state error
2-good stability performance
3-resonable system respons speed
4-The effect of noise is very small or neglected

4. Chapter Two
The main ingredients
2.1 – Arduino Uno
2.2 - IR sensor
2.3 – Inductive proximity sensor
2.4 - Laser sensor (transmitter and receiver)
2.5 - FSR sensor
2.6 - LED

5. 2.1 Arduino UNO
It is the controller that depends on this project. It is the one that organizes
the work of sensors in addition to programming them according to the
conditions. It is programmed through a USB connection, and it can also be
supplied with the POWER. It can also work on an external source. It has a
regulator that regulates the external and internal voltage. It has a storage
capacity of 32 KB.
Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage(recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM
output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5
KBused by bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

6. 2.2 - IR sensor
An IR sensor that senses any object in front of it that has been used in this
project in order to distinguish in it all materials that contain a transmitter and
receiver integrated into one panel.Figure 2.1 shows the parts of the sensor
2.2.1 :Technical Specifications :
Fig 2.12.2.1 : Equation

7. 2.3 – Inductive proximity sensor
An inductive proximity sensor is a non-contact electronic proximity sensor. It is used for
positioning and detection of metal objects. The sensing range of an inductive switch is dependent
on the type of metal being detected. Ferrous metals, such as iron and steel, allow for a longer
sensing range, while nonferrous metals, such as aluminum and copper, may reduce the sensing
range by up to 60 percent. Since the output of an inductive sensor has two possible states, an
inductive sensor is sometimes referred to as an inductive proximity switch.Typical operational
range : up to 5mm . changes with metal type
Output current: 100 mA max
Current consumption: 2.0 mA max.
Voltage: Greater Than 7 V
Leakage Current: Greater Than 6 mA
2.3.1 :Technical Specifications :
Fig.2.22.3.1 : Equation

8. 2.4 - Laser sensor (transmitter and receiver)
Use this sensor to distinguish transparent parts, such as glass. Through the laser transmitter
of the light and there is a receiver for the light, a signal is given to the Arduino if the
transparent part is in front of it because it will pass the light through it.there is an oscillating
tube can generate a shockwave in a frequency of 180KHz. After amplified by a transistor, the
shockwave is applied to the laser tube for In the receiver, there is a receiving tube, matching
to the oscillating tube, can receive the reflected light.
2.4.1 :Technical Specifications :
Fig.2.3
Boost converter chip PT1301
Operating voltage 2.5V-5.0V
Dimensions 53.0mm*18.0mm
Fixing hole size 2.0mm
Effective distance 0.8m(typ), 1.5m(max)
2.4.1 : Equation
Distance=CT
C=Light Intensity
T=Time

9. 2.5 - FSR sensor
Force-sensing resistors consist of a conductive polymer, which changes resistance in a
predictable manner following application of force to its surface. They are normally
supplied as a polymer sheet or ink that can be applied by screen printing. The sensing film
consists of both electrically conducting and non-conducting particles suspended in matrix.
The particles are sub-micrometre sizes, and are formulated to reduce the temperature
dependence, improve mechanical properties and increase surface durability. Applying a
force to the surface of the sensing film causes particles to touch the conducting
electrodes, changing the resistance of the film.
Fig.2.4
2.5.1 :Technical Specifications :
Pressure induction range: 20g-10kg
Size: 5 x 4cm / 1.97 x 1.57inch
Weight: 3g
Activation time: <0.01s
Resistor 600 ohm
Response time: < 10ms
2.5.2 : Equation

10. 2.6.LED
An LED is a small light (it stands for "light emitting diode") that works with relatively little
power. The Arduino board has one built-in on digital pin .
Fig.2.5
2.6.1 :Technical Specifications :
2.6.2 : Equation

11. Chapter Three
1.1 Implemented project Circuit
Fig 3.1

12. 1.2 Code Implementation
int inductive=8;
int FSR=A0;
int IR=2;
int liser=4;
int Paper=12;
int Glass=9;
int Metal=7;
int Plastic=13;
void setup() { // put your setup code here,
to run once:
pinMode(inductive,INPUT);
pinMode(liser, INPUT);
pinMode(IR, INPUT);
pinMode(Metal, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Paper,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Glass,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Plastic,OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
int lis= digitalRead(liser);
int F=analogRead(FSR);
int Ind = digitalRead(inductive);
int IRR = digitalRead(IR);// read
Laser sensor
if (( lis==LOW) && ( Ind==HIGH )
&& ( F < 10) && (IRR==0) )
{delay(500);
digitalWrite(Paper,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Metal,LOW);
digitalWrite(Glass,LOW);
digitalWrite(Plastic,LOW); }

13. 3.3 Error
If you use each sensor alone, there is a large error rate. But together, the sensitivity
ratio decreases by a large percentage due to the presence of more than one
condition in the sensitivity of the material. The sensor can also be deceived, for
example, if the metal contains a drink, then the pressure sensor will sense it as a
glass, but the laser does not pass light This leads to the condition not being met.
Also, the laser cannot tell the glass from the plastic if it is transparent, but it is the
pressure sensor that senses the difference in weight between them. The wrong
conclusion is there, but if all conditions are met, for example, the champion of your
plastic in which water is water. Here it will be heavy, which leads to the illusion of
flexible pressure sensors as glass and illusion of the laser as well because it is
transparent, therefore the Arduino will identify it as glass for its heavy weight and
transparent color.

14. Chapter Four
4.1 Conclusion
The project is fairly good at first applying the idea by Arduino needs more
development as mentioned earlier and reducing error, but due to thecurrent
status of Corona virus and time constraints and required sensors we could
not develop it more and support quality. We hope this research is somewhat
helpful in achieving benefit, even if it is only a little.
4.2 Future Work
In the future, the project can be updated and the mechanical part implemented, as
well as developed by linking it to an audio sensor that thanks anyone who throws
waste into the trash. It opens and closes automatically and upon completion it
stops opening. Replacing the weight sensor with an induction sensor is more
efficient and flexible in identifying materials and reducing errors, and replacing the
laser sensor with a glass sensor also helps reduce incoming error and supports
time at cost.

15. Thank you
For our honorable teachers
Thanks to colleagues and parents
Thanks to all
If you have a question, you can ask..?

16. END