This document discusses automatic generation control (AGC) analysis of a multi-area multi-source hydrothermal power system using a PID controller. The objectives are to control load frequency, improve stability and response time, and ensure minimal damping oscillations. A literature review investigates optimal PID design for a 3-area network with hydro, thermal, and wind plants. PID controllers continuously adjust outputs to match setpoints and maintain generation-load balance. The developed controller aims to control frequency response during load/renewable fluctuations and unpredictable conditions.

1. AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL ANALYSIS
OF MULTI-AREA MULTI SOURCE HYDROTHERMAL
SYSTEM USING PID CONTROLLER
Guided By :- Dr Nimai Charan
Patel
By:-
Bishnu Priya Nayak
Partha Sarathi Behera
Nikhilesh Sahoo

2. CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 OBJECTIVE
3 LITERATURE REVIEW
4 WORKING MODEL
5 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTIO
N:
Now a days the generation of electric power is not sufficient to cater for the increasing load demand due
to the mismatch between load and generation. Frequency and voltage are the key parameter in a hydro
thermal system and controlling them is a major concern. As we all know the frequency depends on the
real power generation and it should be balanced and remain constant in different operating condition.
In a hydro thermal system a change in active power generation at one power line will affect the whole
system frequency in general the quality of hydro thermal system depends on its frequency which needs to
be regulated properly for quality power supply. To regulate the system frequency to a specified nominal
value, to maintain power interchange as well as maintain a stable change in generation among units AGC
is used
In an electric power system automatic generation control is a system for adjusting the power output the
multiple generator at different power plant in response to changes the load. The automatic generation
control is critical in ensuring that the frequency variation remain below acceptable bound.

4. OBJECTIVE
• To control load frequency
• Improved stability and quicker controller
response is achieved
• . The injected noise is removed by including a
filtering portion
• It assures the least amount of damping
oscillation with a better settling time
compared with and without the effects of
nonlinearity

5. LITERATURE
REVIEW
Here in this review we investigate the optimal design and implementation of PID for a three
unequal area multisource power system network comprising hydro thermal power plant and wind
power plant. The dynamic response of PID controller is measured and compared with the PI.
Proportional Integral Derivative in automatic generation control for the stability of the power
system. The PID controller is a feedback control system that continuously adjust the outputs of the
AGC system to match a set point or target point. The PID controller is used to maintain the balance
between the generation and load in the power system .
When an integral and PI controller was applied to an AGC, the result show that the PI
controller gives a minimum damping oscillation with good settling time compared to integraller
controller with and without considering non linearity. Although ,these controller have good dynamic
responses and are also easily implemented, they are not efficient in the case of uncertain and
complex system

6. Improved stability and quicker controller response is achieved by PID control. However,
due to the derivative mode, the plant receives excessively high levels of meaningful control
inputs. The noise already presents in the control signals is the primary culprit in this issue.
The injected noise is removed by including a filtering portion in the derivative part. The
noise chattering can be decreased by fine-tuning the pole. To enhance the effectiveness of
the control, it combines the PID-PID with the derivative filter.
The developed controller's primary objective is to control the frequency response in each
area during load fluctuations, renewable energy source changes, and unpredictable power
system conditions.

7. WORKING MODEL

8. REFERENCE
.1. Ram Babu, N., Bhagat, S.K., Saikia, L.C. et al. A Comprehensive Review of Recent Strategies on
Automatic Generation Control/Load Frequency Control in Power Systems. Arch Computat Methods Eng
(2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-022- 09810-y
2 K. Jagatheesan and B. Anand, “Automatic generation control of three area hydro-thermal power systems
with electric and Mechanical governor,” 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence
and Computing Research, Dec. 2014
3 L. C. Saikia, J. Nanda, and S. Mishra, “Performance comparison of several classical controllers in AGC for
multi-area Interconnected Thermal System,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems,
vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 394–401, Mar. 2011.

9. THANK YOU