Programming fundamentals ch 1

Tutor: Bilal Janjooa Assistant Professor
The University of Lahore
MS Telecom. Eng. From The University of Sunderland UK
1Bilal Janjooa bilal.janjooa@yahoo.co.uk

Lecture No. 1

Assessments
Quiz & Assignments 25% 25 Marks
Mid Exam 25% 25 Marks
Final Exam 50% 50 Marks

Course Objectives
Objectives of this course are:
1. To appreciate the need for a programming
language
2. To introduce the concept and usability of the
structured programming methodology
3. To develop proficiency in making useful
software using the C language

5
What Is a Computer?
 Computer
 Performs computations and makes logical decisions
 Millions / billions times faster than human beings
 Computer programs
 Sets of instructions by which a computer processes data
 Hardware
 Physical devices of computer system
 Software
 Programs that run on computers
Bilal Janjooa bilal.janjooa@yahoo.co.uk

6
Computer Organization
 Six logical units of computer system
 Input unit
 Mouse, keyboard
 Output unit
 Printer, monitor, audio speakers
 Memory unit
 Retains input and processed information
 Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
 Performs calculations
 Central processing unit (CPU)
 Supervises operation of other devices
 Secondary storage unit
 Hard drives, floppy drives
Bilal Janjooa bilal.janjooa@yahoo.co.uk

Program
“An accurate sequence of steps to
solve a particular problem”

Critical Skills
 Analysis
 Critical Thinking
 Attention to Detail

Design Recipe
To design a program properly, we must:
 Analyze a problem statement, typically
expressed as a word problem
 Formulate statements and comments in a
specific language
 Evaluate and revise the activities in light of
checks and tests

 PAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL
 These skills are useful for
anybody
 All assignments in this course
should follow the these
guidelines

Computers are
STUPID

Humans are
even more…….

Think Reuse

Area of the Ring
Inner
Circle
Outer
Circle
Area of Inner Circle____Area of Outer Circle = Area of the Ring

 Think Reuse
 Think User Interface
 Comments liberally

Logical Error
Lewis Carol: “Through the Looking Glass”
“Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe “

Machine Languages, Assembly Languages,
and High-level Languages
 Three types of programming languages
 Machine languages
 Strings of numbers giving machine specific instructions
 Example:
+1300042774 (these would really be in binary)
+1400593419
+1200274027
 Assembly languages
 English-like abbreviations representing elementary
computer operations (translated via assemblers)
 Example:
LOAD BASEPAY
ADD OVERPAY
STORE GROSSPAY
17

Machine Languages, Assembly Languages,
and High-level Languages
 High-level languages
 Instructions closer to everyday English
 English is a natural language. Although high level
programming languages are closer to natural languages.
 Use mathematical notations (translated via compilers)
 Example:
grossPay = basePay + overTimePay
18

Books
 Deitel & Deitel :– C++ How to Program
 Kernighan and Ritchie:-
The C Programming Language

Thank You

Programming fundamentals ch 1

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