This document discusses the evolution of the definition of literacy from a traditional focus on reading and writing to encompass 21st century skills needed to navigate digital technologies and online information. It defines traditional literacy as decoding print and new literacies as online reading comprehension and learning skills required to search, evaluate, and communicate information online. The document categorizes different types of new literacies, including information literacy, visual literacy, critical literacy, media literacy, tool literacy, and digital literacy. It emphasizes that literacy is now a continuous learning process rather than an endpoint and that students need 21st century literacy skills like critical thinking to be prepared for the future.

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SAQUING, MADIOSA G.
PROF. ED. 9
BUILDING & ENHANCING
NEW LITERACIES
ACROSS THE
CURRICULUM

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WHAT IS LITERACY?

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LITERACY
 To understand the concept of information literacy, it is useful
to begin by knowing the origin and literal meaning of the
terms. The word information is from the Latin informatio,
meaning concept or idea. The word literate is from the
Latin literatus, meaning learned or lettered. Over time, the
definition of information literacy has changed. The traditional
definition of literacy was the ability to read.

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 Literacy generally refers to reading and writing effectively in a
variety of contexts. In the 21st century, the definition of
literacy has increasingly reflected the ability to use technology
for gathering and communicating information.
 The International Reading Association (IRA) position
statement reported that in order “to become fully literate in
today’s world, students must become proficient in the
literacies of the 21st-century technologies” (IRA, 2009)

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 Their 1957 definition of literacy stated, “A person is literate
who can with understanding both read and write a short
simple statement on his (her) everyday life” (UNESCO,
2008, p. 18).
 Knoblauch (1990), cautioned, “Literacy is one of those
mischievous concepts, like virtuousness and craftsmanship,
that appear to denote capacities but that actually convey
value judgments.”

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 PISA proposed a definition of Reading Literacy as An
individual’s capacity to understand, use and reflect on written
texts, in order to achieve one’s goals, develop one’s
knowledge and potential, and participate in society
(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,
2006, p. 46)
 Literacy is a process by which one expands one's knowledge
of reading and writing in order to develop one's thinking and
learning for the purpose of understanding oneself and the
world.

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 Literacy is the capacity to communicate using inscribed,
printed, or electronic signs or symbols for representing
language.
 Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create,
communicate, and compute, using printed and written
materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves
a continuum of learning enabling individuals to achieve their
goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate
fully in their community and wider society (UNESCO, 2004;
2017).

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 Literacy is the ability to read, view, write, design, speak, and
listen in a way that allows you to communicate effectively.
The power of literacy lies not just in the ability to read and
write, but rather in a person’s capacity to apply these skills to
effectively connect, interpret and discern the intricacies of
the world in which they live.

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TRADITIONAL
LITERACY VS NEW
LITERACIES

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Foundational or traditional literacy
 Foundational or traditional literacy is about print on a page,
or decoding and making sense of words, images, and
other content that a reader can string together and then
begin to comprehend. They are the words and pictures
students read and pore over that are contained in
textbooks, novels, standardized tests, and even in comic
books.

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New literacies
 The new literacies encompass much more. Their utility lies in
online reading comprehension and learning skills, or 21st-
century skills, required by the Internet and other information
and communication technologies (ICTs), including content
found on wikis, blogs, video sites, audio sites, and in e-mail.
 They require the ability not just to "read" but also to navigate
the World Wide Web, locate information, evaluate it critically,
synthesize it, and communicate it-all skills that are becoming
vital to success in this century's economy and

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 “New literacies” that arise from new technologies include things
like text messaging, blogging, social networking, podcasting, and
video making. These digital technologies alter and extend our
communication abilities, often blending text, sound, and imagery.
Although connected to older, “offline” practices, these
technologies change what it means to both “read” and “write”
texts.
 Indeed, technology has everything to do with literacy. Being able
to use the latest electronic technologies has everything to do with
being literate (Wilhelm, 2000, cited in Rosaen & Terpstra, 2010).

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 Literacy, therefore, may be thought of as a moving target,
continually changing its meaning depending on what society
expects literate individuals to do. As societal expectations for
literacy change, and as the demands on literate functions in a
society change, so too must definitions of literacy change to
reflect this moving target (Leu, Kinzer, Coiro & Cammack
2004, cited in Rosaen & Terpstra, 2010).
 Literacy is no longer an endpoint to be achieved and tested
but rather a process of continuously learning how to become
literate. (Leu, 2001, cited in in Rosaen & Terpstra, 2010).

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TYPES OF NEW
LITERACIES

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Today’s new literacy can be classified
as follows:
1. Traditional Literacy – Reading, writing, speaking, and
listening.
2. Information Literacy – The ability to identify what
information is needed and the ability to locate, evaluate,
and use information.
3. Visual Literacy – The ability to understand and produce
visual messages

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4. Critical Literacy – The ability to question, challenge and
evaluate the meanings and purposes of texts.
5. Media Literacy – The ability to question, analyze, interpret,
evaluate, and create media messages.
6. Tool Literacy – The ability to use tools to manage, consume
and create information.
7. Digital Literacy – The ability to use digital technology,
communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use,
and create information.

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Rosaen & Terpstra (2010) identifies eight (8) types of new
literacies:
1. Cultural Literacy
2. Digital/Information Media Literacy
3. Emotional Literacy
4. Environmental Literacy
5. Numeracy
6. Print Literacy
7. Social Literacy
8. Visual Literacy

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The University of Pittsburgh Library System calls the new
literacy the “21st-century literacies,” which covers visual
literacy, media literacy, technology literacy, network literacy,
and cultural literacy as follows:
1. Visual Literacy
 Constructing meaning from images and expressing oneself in
terms of visually while recognizing the validity and accuracy of
those images
 Example of integration into library instruction:
 Use images from Flickr to compare and contrast primary &
secondary sources

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2. Media Literacy
 Critical understanding of media in a variety of formats and
an understanding of the impact of various media on the
individual and society.
 Example of integration into library instruction:
 Use a variety of media (print & online newspapers,
Wikipedia, etc.) to find and evaluate information on a
current news topic

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3. Technology Literacy
 Critical thinking and problem-solving skills related to digital
technology and communication
 Example of integration into library instruction:
 Have students create a wiki to collaborate on an annotated
bibliography

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4. Network Literacy
 Understanding of the tools and skills related to networked
communication and the ability to use those skills to make
informed decisions
 Example of integration into library instruction:
 Use a shared catalog such as World Cat to locate a list of
resources

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5. Cultural Literacy
 Analyzing and understanding culture and society and
showing familiarity and compassion towards other cultures
 Example of integration into library instruction:
 Have students find topics in The New Dictionary of Cultural
Literacy to research in the library database & discuss
findings.

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IMPORTANCE OF
ACQUIRING NEW
LITERACIES

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 Students need 21st century literacy. It includes new
literacy skills, such as critical thinking, scientific reasoning,
and multicultural awareness (NCTE, 2008; Wagner, 2008;
Grubb, 2003, p. 3; Sagan, 1996, p. 325).
 New literacy requires both the "effective use" of language
and "large amounts of specific information" about the world
(Hirsch, 1988, pp. 2-3).

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THANK YOU!