This document discusses the natural factors that cause climate change over long and short time periods, from millions of years down to years. It questions the degree to which modern warming is unprecedented and argues that temperature proxies show past warmings and coolings of similar or greater magnitudes than today. The reliability of surface temperature measurements and climate models is also questioned.
1) The document analyzes cloud height data from 2000-2010 from the MISR instrument to study changes that may impact climate.
2) Global average cloud heights decreased by about 45 meters over this period, similar to the estimated effect of increased CO2 levels.
3) A major decrease in heights occurred during the strong 2007-2008 La Niña event, with offsetting changes between Indonesia and the central Pacific.
Regional Strategy against Earthquake Motion Based on Geotechnical DatabaseEsri
Presentation by Sun Chang-Guk, Jeon Jeong-Soo and Choi Sung-Ja from Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources at Esri European User Conference 2011.
Earning Relationship Capital (RC) discusses the compelling trends and requirement for the capture, measurement, and utilization of Relationship Capital (RC) on-line for individuals, brands, and organizational success! Also, provides 10 Steps to Earning RC in todays' hyper-connected world.
1. Global warming is causing polar bears to drown due to lack of sea ice and threatening their food sources.
2. Scientists have predicted for over 30 years that increased greenhouse gases will cause unnatural climate changes, including rising sea levels and temperatures.
3. Evidence shows the planet is warming faster than ever before in the past 65 million years, leading to more extreme weather and fastest extinction rate on record. Urgent action is needed to reduce greenhouse gases.
1) The document analyzes cloud height data from 2000-2010 from the MISR instrument to study changes that may impact climate.
2) Global average cloud heights decreased by about 45 meters over this period, similar to the estimated effect of increased CO2 levels.
3) A major decrease in heights occurred during the strong 2007-2008 La Niña event, with offsetting changes between Indonesia and the central Pacific.
Regional Strategy against Earthquake Motion Based on Geotechnical DatabaseEsri
Presentation by Sun Chang-Guk, Jeon Jeong-Soo and Choi Sung-Ja from Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources at Esri European User Conference 2011.
Earning Relationship Capital (RC) discusses the compelling trends and requirement for the capture, measurement, and utilization of Relationship Capital (RC) on-line for individuals, brands, and organizational success! Also, provides 10 Steps to Earning RC in todays' hyper-connected world.
1. Global warming is causing polar bears to drown due to lack of sea ice and threatening their food sources.
2. Scientists have predicted for over 30 years that increased greenhouse gases will cause unnatural climate changes, including rising sea levels and temperatures.
3. Evidence shows the planet is warming faster than ever before in the past 65 million years, leading to more extreme weather and fastest extinction rate on record. Urgent action is needed to reduce greenhouse gases.
J. Ignacio López-Moreno: Effects of NAO on combined temperature and precipita...Jiří Šmída
This document discusses the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on winter temperature, precipitation, and snow accumulation in Mediterranean mountains. It finds that negative NAO phases are correlated with colder and wetter conditions leading to increased snowfall, while positive phases are correlated with warmer and drier conditions and less snowfall. The study analyzes observational data from 1950-2005 and examines how different mountain regions are impacted. It aims to better understand these relationships and project how they may change in the 21st century due to increasing greenhouse gases.
The document discusses the history of Earth's climate and temperature changes over billions of years. It notes that the planet has experienced natural warming and cooling cycles in the past related to variations in orbital parameters and greenhouse gas levels. Recent warming starting in the late 19th century is outlined, with data showing temperatures rising about 0.8°C over the last century. Potential impacts of continued warming are reviewed, such as sea level rise, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and more intense hurricanes. Projections for future temperature increases this century range from 1.5°C to over 9°C depending on levels of greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses global warming and its potential causes and consequences. It begins with an introduction that asks whether the world is getting warmer, if human actions are responsible, and what can be done about it. It then covers the history of Earth's climate over billions of years, influenced by factors like the sun's energy output, lifeforms, and orbital variations. Recent temperature changes are examined, showing a general warming trend over the last century. Potential consequences of further warming discussed include rising sea levels, stronger hurricanes, effects on wildlife and humans. The document considers a range of perspectives on both natural and human influences on the climate.
The document discusses various issues related to climate change and environmental degradation, including extinction, pollution, rising sea levels, melting ice caps, declining oxygen levels, and their causes. It provides statistics on public concern about environmental problems from a 2009 Gallup poll. It also presents information about social media marketing and its effectiveness in raising awareness for campaigns. Images advertise a proposed "D-warming" campaign to address global warming through social media, apps, competitions and worldwide community building efforts.
The industrial activities of mankind are fundamentally altering the Earth's atmosphere with society altering consequences.
These slides present the fundamentals of human driven global warming and climate change, show how the effects of climate change are already have a significant impact on both human and ecological systems, and clarify why urgent action to address the most challenging issue facing us today is an absolute necessity.
The solutions to climate change are within our grasp and present world-altering possibilities. But it will take will power and a globally coordinated effort to make them a reality.
042009 Science Of Climate Change: Overview For Community Organizations Dr Tes...lisa.ito
Science Of Climate Change: Overview For Community Organizations
Dr Tess Perez National Grassroots Conference on Climate Change
Balai Kalinaw, UP Diliman
20-21 April 2009
www.philclimatewatch.org
The document discusses the history of Earth's climate and temperature changes over billions of years. It notes that the planet has experienced natural warming and cooling cycles in the past related to factors like carbon dioxide levels, solar activity, and orbital variations. More recently, evidence suggests global temperatures have risen sharply since the late 19th century, corresponding to increased industrial carbon emissions. The text explores potential impacts of continued warming, such as rising sea levels, stronger hurricanes, and effects on wildlife.
This document evaluates SMOS soil moisture product over 6 sites around the world. Comparisons show:
1) SMOS soil moisture captures same trends as in-situ measurements but generally underestimates values due to differences in measurement depth and spatial averaging.
2) SMOS soil moisture reproduces drying periods well but is sometimes negatively biased compared to ground data.
3) While SMOS soil moisture variations agree with observations, further improvements can be made by addressing radio frequency interference and better accounting for vegetation and soil characteristics.
This document provides background information on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and summarizes the presenter's past, current, and future research related to CCS. Some key points include:
1) CCS involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources and storing it deep underground for long periods of time.
2) The presenter's past research characterized the hydrogeology of the Mount Simon Sandstone formation in Ottawa County, Michigan as a potential CO2 injection site.
3) The presenter's current research is investigating how the geometry of microfracture networks impacts permeability in caprock formations like shales and mudstones.
The document summarizes key aspects of the global carbon cycle and its relationship to global climate change over both long and short timescales. It discusses how fossil fuel CO2 emissions will persist in the atmosphere and oceans for millennia, potentially committing the world to much greater future sea level rise than predicted for 2100. It also examines how the carbon cycle has historically acted to amplify climate changes and could potentially do so in the future as well.
The document discusses the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and global warming based on scientific data and models. It summarizes that carbon emissions can reliably predict increases in atmospheric CO2 levels, which can then be used to model radiative forcing and projected temperature increases. Feedback loops may accelerate warming beyond current predictions. The Arctic and Greenland are already experiencing significant impacts like sea ice loss and melting.
The document summarizes the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium project to inject 1 million metric tons of carbon dioxide at a site in Decatur, Illinois. Some key points:
- The project is a collaboration between the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium, Archer Daniels Midland Company, and Schlumberger Carbon Services to demonstrate geological carbon sequestration.
- Over 149,000 metric tons of CO2 had been injected as of May 2012 through injection wells into the Mt. Simon sandstone reservoir at a depth of around 7,000 feet.
- Intensive monitoring is being conducted before, during, and after injection through 2017 using techniques like time-lapse seismic imaging to track the injected pl
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
SiS Climate Change The Latest News Holper 2007guestb40d60
The document summarizes key findings from climate change science and projections for Australia. It discusses how carbon dioxide concentrations are unprecedented over the past 650,000 years and global temperatures have increased 0.7 degrees Celsius in the past 100 years. Projections indicate Australia will continue warming in the coming decades, with more hot days and fewer cold nights, and rainfall patterns will change. This will increase risks like more severe fires, floods and droughts. The document calls for action to both adapt to impacts and lower emissions to mitigate further climate change.
Effect of thermomechanical process on the austenite transformation in Nb-Mo m...Pello Uranga
The document summarizes a study on the effect of composition and thermomechanical processing on the austenite transformation in Nb-Mo microalloyed steels. Seven steel compositions containing 0.05% C and varying amounts of Nb and Mo were subjected to two different thermomechanical cycles, involving deformation at different temperatures and cooling rates. Microstructural characterization showed the transformed phases depended on composition and processing. Dilatometry curves and continuous cooling transformation diagrams were produced to analyze the austenite transformation kinetics and phase stability regions.
Five Years of Land Surface Phenology in an Arctic LandscapeSantonu Goswami
1) This study examines changes in land cover reflectance over 5 years in an Arctic tundra landscape undergoing a large-scale hydrological manipulation experiment. 2) The experiment involves flooding and draining plots to study the effects of varying soil moisture on ecosystem processes as detected by plant reflectance properties. 3) Analysis of hyperspectral data from tramlines in the plots shows changes in reflectance and NDVI throughout the seasons and between years that may be related to the experimental treatments and environmental conditions like flooding events.
This 3 page document presents information on global warming from various sources:
1) Surface temperature data from 1880-2010 shows warming of around 1 degree Celsius above the 1980 average.
2) Atmospheric CO2 levels from 1965-2010 increased from around 320 ppm to 390 ppm, correlating with increased surface temperatures.
3) Total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements from 1980-2003 show little variation that would account for the observed temperature rise.
Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect trapping heat in the lower atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CO2 levels have increased by over 30% since the Industrial Revolution due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. Other greenhouse gases have also increased substantially. If emissions continue rising, scientists project increases in global temperature and sea level and more extreme weather events.
J. Ignacio López-Moreno: Effects of NAO on combined temperature and precipita...Jiří Šmída
This document discusses the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on winter temperature, precipitation, and snow accumulation in Mediterranean mountains. It finds that negative NAO phases are correlated with colder and wetter conditions leading to increased snowfall, while positive phases are correlated with warmer and drier conditions and less snowfall. The study analyzes observational data from 1950-2005 and examines how different mountain regions are impacted. It aims to better understand these relationships and project how they may change in the 21st century due to increasing greenhouse gases.
The document discusses the history of Earth's climate and temperature changes over billions of years. It notes that the planet has experienced natural warming and cooling cycles in the past related to variations in orbital parameters and greenhouse gas levels. Recent warming starting in the late 19th century is outlined, with data showing temperatures rising about 0.8°C over the last century. Potential impacts of continued warming are reviewed, such as sea level rise, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and more intense hurricanes. Projections for future temperature increases this century range from 1.5°C to over 9°C depending on levels of greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses global warming and its potential causes and consequences. It begins with an introduction that asks whether the world is getting warmer, if human actions are responsible, and what can be done about it. It then covers the history of Earth's climate over billions of years, influenced by factors like the sun's energy output, lifeforms, and orbital variations. Recent temperature changes are examined, showing a general warming trend over the last century. Potential consequences of further warming discussed include rising sea levels, stronger hurricanes, effects on wildlife and humans. The document considers a range of perspectives on both natural and human influences on the climate.
The document discusses various issues related to climate change and environmental degradation, including extinction, pollution, rising sea levels, melting ice caps, declining oxygen levels, and their causes. It provides statistics on public concern about environmental problems from a 2009 Gallup poll. It also presents information about social media marketing and its effectiveness in raising awareness for campaigns. Images advertise a proposed "D-warming" campaign to address global warming through social media, apps, competitions and worldwide community building efforts.
The industrial activities of mankind are fundamentally altering the Earth's atmosphere with society altering consequences.
These slides present the fundamentals of human driven global warming and climate change, show how the effects of climate change are already have a significant impact on both human and ecological systems, and clarify why urgent action to address the most challenging issue facing us today is an absolute necessity.
The solutions to climate change are within our grasp and present world-altering possibilities. But it will take will power and a globally coordinated effort to make them a reality.
042009 Science Of Climate Change: Overview For Community Organizations Dr Tes...lisa.ito
Science Of Climate Change: Overview For Community Organizations
Dr Tess Perez National Grassroots Conference on Climate Change
Balai Kalinaw, UP Diliman
20-21 April 2009
www.philclimatewatch.org
The document discusses the history of Earth's climate and temperature changes over billions of years. It notes that the planet has experienced natural warming and cooling cycles in the past related to factors like carbon dioxide levels, solar activity, and orbital variations. More recently, evidence suggests global temperatures have risen sharply since the late 19th century, corresponding to increased industrial carbon emissions. The text explores potential impacts of continued warming, such as rising sea levels, stronger hurricanes, and effects on wildlife.
This document evaluates SMOS soil moisture product over 6 sites around the world. Comparisons show:
1) SMOS soil moisture captures same trends as in-situ measurements but generally underestimates values due to differences in measurement depth and spatial averaging.
2) SMOS soil moisture reproduces drying periods well but is sometimes negatively biased compared to ground data.
3) While SMOS soil moisture variations agree with observations, further improvements can be made by addressing radio frequency interference and better accounting for vegetation and soil characteristics.
This document provides background information on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and summarizes the presenter's past, current, and future research related to CCS. Some key points include:
1) CCS involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources and storing it deep underground for long periods of time.
2) The presenter's past research characterized the hydrogeology of the Mount Simon Sandstone formation in Ottawa County, Michigan as a potential CO2 injection site.
3) The presenter's current research is investigating how the geometry of microfracture networks impacts permeability in caprock formations like shales and mudstones.
The document summarizes key aspects of the global carbon cycle and its relationship to global climate change over both long and short timescales. It discusses how fossil fuel CO2 emissions will persist in the atmosphere and oceans for millennia, potentially committing the world to much greater future sea level rise than predicted for 2100. It also examines how the carbon cycle has historically acted to amplify climate changes and could potentially do so in the future as well.
The document discusses the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and global warming based on scientific data and models. It summarizes that carbon emissions can reliably predict increases in atmospheric CO2 levels, which can then be used to model radiative forcing and projected temperature increases. Feedback loops may accelerate warming beyond current predictions. The Arctic and Greenland are already experiencing significant impacts like sea ice loss and melting.
The document summarizes the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium project to inject 1 million metric tons of carbon dioxide at a site in Decatur, Illinois. Some key points:
- The project is a collaboration between the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium, Archer Daniels Midland Company, and Schlumberger Carbon Services to demonstrate geological carbon sequestration.
- Over 149,000 metric tons of CO2 had been injected as of May 2012 through injection wells into the Mt. Simon sandstone reservoir at a depth of around 7,000 feet.
- Intensive monitoring is being conducted before, during, and after injection through 2017 using techniques like time-lapse seismic imaging to track the injected pl
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
SiS Climate Change The Latest News Holper 2007guestb40d60
The document summarizes key findings from climate change science and projections for Australia. It discusses how carbon dioxide concentrations are unprecedented over the past 650,000 years and global temperatures have increased 0.7 degrees Celsius in the past 100 years. Projections indicate Australia will continue warming in the coming decades, with more hot days and fewer cold nights, and rainfall patterns will change. This will increase risks like more severe fires, floods and droughts. The document calls for action to both adapt to impacts and lower emissions to mitigate further climate change.
Effect of thermomechanical process on the austenite transformation in Nb-Mo m...Pello Uranga
The document summarizes a study on the effect of composition and thermomechanical processing on the austenite transformation in Nb-Mo microalloyed steels. Seven steel compositions containing 0.05% C and varying amounts of Nb and Mo were subjected to two different thermomechanical cycles, involving deformation at different temperatures and cooling rates. Microstructural characterization showed the transformed phases depended on composition and processing. Dilatometry curves and continuous cooling transformation diagrams were produced to analyze the austenite transformation kinetics and phase stability regions.
Five Years of Land Surface Phenology in an Arctic LandscapeSantonu Goswami
1) This study examines changes in land cover reflectance over 5 years in an Arctic tundra landscape undergoing a large-scale hydrological manipulation experiment. 2) The experiment involves flooding and draining plots to study the effects of varying soil moisture on ecosystem processes as detected by plant reflectance properties. 3) Analysis of hyperspectral data from tramlines in the plots shows changes in reflectance and NDVI throughout the seasons and between years that may be related to the experimental treatments and environmental conditions like flooding events.
This 3 page document presents information on global warming from various sources:
1) Surface temperature data from 1880-2010 shows warming of around 1 degree Celsius above the 1980 average.
2) Atmospheric CO2 levels from 1965-2010 increased from around 320 ppm to 390 ppm, correlating with increased surface temperatures.
3) Total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements from 1980-2003 show little variation that would account for the observed temperature rise.
Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect trapping heat in the lower atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CO2 levels have increased by over 30% since the Industrial Revolution due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. Other greenhouse gases have also increased substantially. If emissions continue rising, scientists project increases in global temperature and sea level and more extreme weather events.
Similar to Prof Plimer Adelaide Climate Change (20)
Otec Makai Voyager Screenshot Copyright Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.David S
The document is a screenshot of the OTEC Makai Voyager website showing the date and time of March 18, 2010 at 8:18 PM. It provides a link to the Makai Ocean Engineering website where information can be found about OTEC, or Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, a technology that harvests energy from the temperature differences between deep and shallow ocean waters.
Green Flagship Wilhelmsen Deserves PlauditsDavid S
The document describes a concept for an environmentally friendly cargo vessel called the E/S Orcelle. It uses renewable energy sources like solar, wind and wave power, and fuel cells, to operate with zero emissions. Its pentamaran hull allows it to carry up to 10,000 vehicles on eight cargo decks, offering 50% more cargo capacity than current car carriers. The design aims to eliminate problems from ballast water through its hull shape and use of alternative propulsion instead of a traditional stern propeller.
1. th
London, 30th November 2009
Carbon dioxide: Hero or
villain
Ian Plimer
Professor of Geology, University of Adelaide
Emeritus Professor of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne
2. Constant cyclical climate change
Known Cycles
variable tectonic
143 million year galactic
100,000 years orbital
41,000 years orbital
23,000 years orbital
1,500 years solar
210 years solar
87 years solar
22 years solar
18.7 years lunar
11 years solar
3. The next climate change:
The future is written in the past
Pleistocene ice age 110,000 to 14,700 years ago
Bölling 14,700 to 13,900 years ago
Older Dryas 13,900 to 13,600 years ago
Allerød 13,600 to 12,900 years ago
Younger Dryas 12,900 to 11,600 years ago
Holocene warming 11,600 to 8,500 years ago
Egyptian cooling 8,500 to 8,000 years ago
Holocene Warming 8,000 to 5,600 years ago
Akkadian cooling 5,600 to 3,500 years ago
Minoan Warming 3,500 to 3,200 years ago
Bronze Age Cooling 3,200 to 2,500 years ago
Roman Warming 500 BC to 535 AD
Dark Ages 535 AD to 900 AD
Medieval Warming 900 AD to 1300 AD
Little Ice Age 1300 AD to 1850 AD
Modern Warming 1850 AD to ….
5. Is the speed and degree of modern
climate change unprecedented?
6
4
Temperature (°C)
2
0 Today
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
400 300 200 100 0
Time – Thousands of Years Before Present
9. Urban heat island effect
23.5
Temperature (°F) Tucson U of Arizona (32.2N, 111.0W)
Annual Mean
22.0
20.0
18.5
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
10. What is really measured?
0.8
Temperature Trend per Decade
0.7
0.6
1940 - 1996 (°C)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
Population of Country
11. Reliability of surface measurements
The 28 years of high quality satellite data
Temperature Variation (°C)
1.0
Global
0.5
0
-0.5
1.0 Northern Hemisphere
0.5
0
-0.5
1.0
Southern Hemisphere
0.5
0
-0.5
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
The Southern Hemisphere is the same temperature it was 28 years ago,
The Northern Hemisphere has warmed slightly
12. Models for atmospheric temperature
10
10 10
10
NASA/NSIPP GFDL
50
50 50
50
100
100 100
100
200
200 200
200
300
300 300
300
500
500 500
500
700
700 700
700
950
950 950
950
60°S
60°S 30°S
30°S EQ
EQ 30°N
30°N 60°N
60°N 60°S
60°S 30°S
30°S EQ
EQ 30°N
30°N 60°N
60°N
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10
10 10
10
SNU NASA/GEOS5
50
50 50
50
100
100 100
100
200
200 200
200
300
300 300
300
500
500 500
500
700
700 700
700
950
950 950
950
60°S
60°S 30°S
30°S EQ
EQ 30°N
30°N 60°N
60°N 60°S
60°S 30°S
30°S EQ
EQ 30°N
30°N 60°N
60°N
Zonally-averaged distributions of predicted temperature change in °K at CO2 doubling (2xCO2 -control),
2 2
as a function of latitude and pressure level, for four general-circulation models (Lee et al., 2007)
13. Radiosonde measurements
No “greenhouse warming” signature is observed in reality
hPa Km
25
24
50 20
100 16
200 12
300
8
500
700 4
1000
75°N 45°N 30°N 15°N EQ 15°S 30°S 45°S 75°S
Source: HadAT2 radiosonde observations, from CCSP (2006), p116, fig. 5.7E
14.
15. Sea level change
1992-95 1992-98
Global average rise Global average rise
= 4.6 mm/yr = 1-4-3.1 mm/yr
-60 -30 0 30 60 mm/yr
TOPEX/Poseidon measurements, September 1992 – August 1995
(patterns dominated by international ocean variability, e.g. ENSO)
16.
17. We’ll all be rooned
Measurement of historic sea levels
2000 Port Pirie -0.3mm/yr
Sea Level (mm)
1500 2.4mm/yr
Port Adelaide Outer Harbour
Fort Denison 1.0mm/yr
1000
1.4mm/yr
500 Fremantle
Southern Oscillation Index
0
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Global average of tide gauges for 20th Century sea level rise is 1-2mm/yr (IPCC, 2001)
18. Smoothing of ice core CO2 data
2
- why pre-industrial choice of 280ppm?
1812-2004 Northern Hemisphere, Chemical Measurement
from 1958 Mauna Loa CO2 5 year average
2 Ice core Antarctica
450
400
CO2 (ppmv)
350
300
270
1810 1850 1900 1950 1970
Year
19.
20. Water: Main greenhouse gas
& driver of CO2
100%
0.001% Man made
Natural
80%
60%
40%
20%
0.117% 0.066% 0.047% 0.047%
0%
Water CO 2 Methane N 2O Misc
Vapour Gases
21. Doubling CO2 at 385ppm
has no effect
The warming effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide
1.6
1.4
Temperature (°C)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420
Atmospheric carbon dioxide in ppm
22. Submarine volcanicity
Terrestrial volcanoes change weather
45°30’N
(e.g. Tambora 1815)
Submarine supervolcanoes add heat
Megaplume 2
and CO 2 to oceans and change climate
(64,000km ridges
10,000 km3/a of cooling water
Recent
>85% Earth’s volcanoes)
Recent
45°00’N
Eruptions
Eruptions
Megaplume 1
44°30’N
130°30’W 130°00’W Seafloor Spreading
24. Is global warming melting the ice caps
and reducing sea ice? NO!
1.0
Antarctic Sea Ice Trends
0.5
…. going up!
0
-0.5 0°
30°W 30°E
-1.0
60°W
Antarctic 60°E
Source: National Snow and Ice data Centre
Source: National Snow and Ice data Centre Peninsula
-1.5
1978 1990 2000 2006
Year
Antarctic Land Ice Trends 90°W
…. going up over most Amundsen
Sea
of the continent!
120°W 120°E
Kamb
Ice Stream
150°W
Source: Vaughn, D.G., 2005. Science, 3008, 1877-1878. 2000 Km 180° 150°E
25. Temperature proxy
H2O(vap) buffer to maximum and minimum temperature
4
Temperature (°C)
2
0
-2
-4
-6 280
CO2 (ppmv)
CO2 (ppmv)
-8 260
240
220
1.5 200
Dust (ppm)
1.0
0.5
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Thousands of Years Ago
26. Temperature, sunspots and CO2
0.3
Temperature Anomaly (°C)
CO2 Concentration (ppm v)
Temperature Anomaly (°C)
350 0.2
Sunspot Cycle Length (y)
10.0
340 0.1
10.5 330 0
Sunspot cycle
length Temperature
anomaly 320 -0.1
11.0
310 -0.2
CO2 concentration 300 -0.3
11.5
290 -0.4
12.0
-0.5
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Year
27. Temperature proxy
Cosmogenic isotopes (C 14; also Be 10, Al 26, Cl 36, Ca 41, Ti 44, I 129)
100
80
60
40
20
0
10,000BC 8,000BC 6,000BC 4,000BC 2,000BC 1AD 2000AD
-30 Modern
Temperature (°C)
Medieval
Maximum Maximum
-20
Dalton
Minimum
-10 Maunder Spörer
Minimum Minimum Oort
0 Minimum
Wolf
10 Minimum
20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Calendar Years Before Present
28. It’s easy to stop climate change -
All we have to do is:
STOP bacteria doing what bacteria do
STOP ocean currents changing
STOP plate tectonics and continent movement
STOP orbital changes to Earth
STOP variations in energy released from Sun
STOP orbit of Solar System in Galaxy
STOP supernoval eruptions
When we’ve stopped these natural processes,
When we’ve stopped these natural processes,
if human-induced then:
if human-induced then:
PERSUADE China and India to stay poor
PERSUADE China and India to stay poor
29. A few little problems
Warmings in industrial age (1860-1880, 1910-1940, 1975-1998; CO2 rise only correlates
with 1975-1998 warming)
Industrial age coolings when CO2 increasing (1880-1910, 1940-1975, 1998-present
Peak of Little Ice Age coolings (Dalton, Maunder, Spörer, Wolf) when few sunspots; 20th
Century solar maximum and no sunspots
Pre-industrial Minoan, Roman and Medieval Warmings (with no sea level changes); SL
rise of 130m 12,000-6,000 years ago, SL fall of 2m over last 6,000 years
Greater past variability and changes
Five of six great ice ages when atmospheric CO2 up to 1000 times higher than now
Arctic warming (fanfare); Antarctic, oceanic (PDO) and atmospheric cooling (silence)
SOLUTION
Fraud