This document discusses environmental management systems and cleaner production. It begins by defining an environmental management system as a systematic approach to managing an organization's environmental programs. The goals of an EMS are to increase compliance with environmental regulations and reduce waste. It then outlines a hierarchy for environmental management with source reduction and recycling at the top. Various source reduction techniques are listed. It also discusses process optimization, reuse, recycling, recovery, and disposal. Finally, it provides an overview of the steps involved in a cleaner production assessment, including planning, assessment, feasibility analysis, implementation, and monitoring.
Waste minimization is an important part of sustainable development and environmental protection that can also reduce production costs. The best approach is to minimize waste at its source through methods like good housekeeping, technology changes, raw material substitutions, and recycling. A waste minimization program requires assessing waste sources and amounts, identifying technical solutions, evaluating them economically, setting goals, and continually improving through audits and feedback. Barriers like costs and culture must be addressed for success. Management commitment is essential to provide resources and encourage participation in the program.
Kingsleys Power Point Presentation on Operations Management.pptxKingsley Aduma
The document discusses key concepts in operations management. It defines operations management as the business function responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling resources needed to produce products and services. An operations manager is responsible for transforming inputs like materials, labor, and capital into outputs like goods and services. The document outlines various operations management strategies, process types, facility layouts, and techniques for scheduling production, monitoring performance, and controlling processes. It also discusses ways to identify and eliminate waste, manage inventory, and increase productivity in operations.
This document provides an overview of lean manufacturing principles. It defines lean manufacturing and the lean enterprise as philosophies focused on minimizing waste and meeting customer needs. The key aspects of lean covered include identifying the seven types of waste, implementing 5S techniques, designing cellular manufacturing layouts, using just-in-time processes, and value stream mapping to optimize workflow. The goals of lean are to continuously improve processes, reduce costs and lead times, and increase quality and efficiency.
Maintenance management involves planning, organizing, and directing resources to control the availability and performance of industrial plants. It aims to minimize downtime and repair costs while maximizing efficiency, prolonging asset life, and ensuring quality production. Effective maintenance management requires categorizing maintenance needs, prioritizing objectives like uptime and safety, and planning using approaches such as total productive maintenance which emphasizes prevention, employee involvement, and continuous improvement.
The document summarizes an environmental audit report of a soft drink manufacturing unit in Kerala, India. It describes how the unit has contaminated nearby land and water since 2002 by dumping foul-smelling waste slurry. Over 1000 families in surrounding villages within a 5 km radius have been affected, a quarter of which are indigenous tribes. Tribal protesters are demanding the factory be closed as it produces 39 lakh ml of beverages daily but dumps toxic waste illegally. The audit finds the unit in violation of environmental regulations and harming local communities.
- A soft drink manufacturing company in Kerala, India began dumping foul-smelling waste slurry onto nearby land in 2002, contaminating the local water supply and affecting over 1,000 families in surrounding villages within a 5 km radius.
- The local tribal communities have been peacefully protesting to demand that the factory be closed, as it produces over 39 lakh ml of beverages daily.
- While the slurry was initially sold as fertilizer, buyers stopped purchasing it once they realized it was contaminated, so the company began dumping it illegally.
This document provides an overview of operations management concepts across 9 chapters. It discusses the evolution of production, defining operations management, production processes, planning, organizing, controlling, demand identification, engineering, production planning, quality control systems. Key points covered include the functions and basic principles of operations management, factors to consider in production planning and control, and types of production processes.
This document discusses environmental management systems and cleaner production. It begins by defining an environmental management system as a systematic approach to managing an organization's environmental programs. The goals of an EMS are to increase compliance with environmental regulations and reduce waste. It then outlines a hierarchy for environmental management with source reduction and recycling at the top. Various source reduction techniques are listed. It also discusses process optimization, reuse, recycling, recovery, and disposal. Finally, it provides an overview of the steps involved in a cleaner production assessment, including planning, assessment, feasibility analysis, implementation, and monitoring.
Waste minimization is an important part of sustainable development and environmental protection that can also reduce production costs. The best approach is to minimize waste at its source through methods like good housekeeping, technology changes, raw material substitutions, and recycling. A waste minimization program requires assessing waste sources and amounts, identifying technical solutions, evaluating them economically, setting goals, and continually improving through audits and feedback. Barriers like costs and culture must be addressed for success. Management commitment is essential to provide resources and encourage participation in the program.
Kingsleys Power Point Presentation on Operations Management.pptxKingsley Aduma
The document discusses key concepts in operations management. It defines operations management as the business function responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling resources needed to produce products and services. An operations manager is responsible for transforming inputs like materials, labor, and capital into outputs like goods and services. The document outlines various operations management strategies, process types, facility layouts, and techniques for scheduling production, monitoring performance, and controlling processes. It also discusses ways to identify and eliminate waste, manage inventory, and increase productivity in operations.
This document provides an overview of lean manufacturing principles. It defines lean manufacturing and the lean enterprise as philosophies focused on minimizing waste and meeting customer needs. The key aspects of lean covered include identifying the seven types of waste, implementing 5S techniques, designing cellular manufacturing layouts, using just-in-time processes, and value stream mapping to optimize workflow. The goals of lean are to continuously improve processes, reduce costs and lead times, and increase quality and efficiency.
Maintenance management involves planning, organizing, and directing resources to control the availability and performance of industrial plants. It aims to minimize downtime and repair costs while maximizing efficiency, prolonging asset life, and ensuring quality production. Effective maintenance management requires categorizing maintenance needs, prioritizing objectives like uptime and safety, and planning using approaches such as total productive maintenance which emphasizes prevention, employee involvement, and continuous improvement.
The document summarizes an environmental audit report of a soft drink manufacturing unit in Kerala, India. It describes how the unit has contaminated nearby land and water since 2002 by dumping foul-smelling waste slurry. Over 1000 families in surrounding villages within a 5 km radius have been affected, a quarter of which are indigenous tribes. Tribal protesters are demanding the factory be closed as it produces 39 lakh ml of beverages daily but dumps toxic waste illegally. The audit finds the unit in violation of environmental regulations and harming local communities.
- A soft drink manufacturing company in Kerala, India began dumping foul-smelling waste slurry onto nearby land in 2002, contaminating the local water supply and affecting over 1,000 families in surrounding villages within a 5 km radius.
- The local tribal communities have been peacefully protesting to demand that the factory be closed, as it produces over 39 lakh ml of beverages daily.
- While the slurry was initially sold as fertilizer, buyers stopped purchasing it once they realized it was contaminated, so the company began dumping it illegally.
This document provides an overview of operations management concepts across 9 chapters. It discusses the evolution of production, defining operations management, production processes, planning, organizing, controlling, demand identification, engineering, production planning, quality control systems. Key points covered include the functions and basic principles of operations management, factors to consider in production planning and control, and types of production processes.
production and operations management(POM) Complete note kabul university
The Introduction to POM, Scope, Role, and Objectives of POM, Operations Mgt. – Concept; Functions
Product Design and its characteristics;
Product Development Process, Product Development Techniques.
Three villages surrounding a soft drink manufacturing unit in Kerala have been negatively impacted by the unit's waste disposal practices. Over 1000 families have been affected by contaminated water and foul-smelling waste being dumped on nearby land. The waste was initially sold as fertilizer but now is forcibly dumped. Tribal protesters are calling for the factory to be closed due to the negative environmental and health impacts.
1. Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling activities related to the production of goods and services.
2. The objectives of production management are to produce the right quality and quantity of goods or services, at the predetermined time and pre-established cost.
3. The key types of production systems are make-to-stock, make-to-order, and assemble-to-order. Make-to-stock involves keeping finished goods in inventory, make-to-order starts production after receiving a specific customer order, and assemble-to-order produces standard component parts and assembles the final product per a customer's order.
1. Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling activities related to the production of goods and services.
2. The objectives of production management are to produce the right quality and quantity of goods or services, at the predetermined time and established cost.
3. Production management is related to other functional areas like marketing, finance, personnel, materials management, and maintenance to optimize production.
Lean manufacturing is a way to eliminate waste and improve efficiency. It focuses on minimizing muda, or waste, including excess inventory, unnecessary motion, defects, and overproduction. Lean originated from the Toyota Production System, which aimed to reduce costs through practices like just-in-time production and continuous improvement. The key aspects of lean are identifying value-added steps and removing waste, ensuring smooth workflow, using pull systems between processes, and engaging employees in continuous improvement.
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a holistic approach to equipment maintenance that aims for perfect equipment performance through involvement of all employees. It combines preventive maintenance with total quality control and employee involvement to create a culture of shared responsibility for equipment. The goals of TPM include achieving minimum 80% production efficiency, 90% equipment efficiency, zero defects, accidents and breakdowns. It has eight pillars including 5S, autonomous maintenance, planned maintenance, focused improvement and training which work together to eliminate equipment losses.
This document provides an overview of maintenance of agricultural machinery. It defines maintenance as actions taken to prevent equipment failure and keep systems running efficiently. The main points are:
- Maintenance includes repair, inspection, and preventative actions to extend equipment lifespan and reduce costs. It aims to optimize value and performance.
- Regular maintenance is needed to keep equipment reliable and reduce unexpected breakdowns that cause downtime. It also improves safety.
- Planning maintenance ensures work is done properly with the right resources. Planning involves prioritizing tasks, estimating time, and determining needs.
- Proper documentation like equipment history records helps analyze issues, improve processes, and make informed decisions about equipment selection and repairs.
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT- Full Slides.pptxThusharaVinay
This document provides an overview of operations management. It defines key terms like production management and operations management. It outlines the 5 Ps of operations management - product, processes, plant, programmes, personnel. It discusses the importance, objectives, and scope of operations management. It also describes different types of production systems like job shop production, flow shop, batch manufacturing, continuous production systems. It provides a system view of operations management and discusses operations strategy.
Cleaner production is a strategy to reduce risks to the population and environment by minimizing waste and emissions from processes, products, and services. It identifies deficiencies in production processes and proposes corrective measures. The implementation of cleaner production follows a series of steps: 1) starting the process and analyzing the current situation, 2) material/process analysis, 3) defining improvement options, 4) prioritizing options, 5) implementation planning, and 6) follow-up and evaluation. Benefits include reduced costs, waste, and pollution while improving company image and working conditions.
Current Goods Manufacturing Practice & Industrial ManagementLukman N Kerur
This document provides an overview of CGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) and industrial management. It discusses key aspects of CGMP such as plant layout, services, equipment, production organization, materials management, handling and transportation, inventory management, production planning and control, sales forecasting, budgeting, quality management, and industrial relationships. The objectives of CGMP are to ensure product quality and consistency in manufacturing. Key elements outlined include facilities and equipment requirements, quality control of materials, production systems, and regulatory compliance.
The document provides an introduction to operations management concepts including defining operations, products, services, and supply chains. It discusses different types of production systems and strategies including mass production, lean production, and agile manufacturing. The document also covers topics like facilities layout, location planning, quality management, and environmental sustainability in operations. It emphasizes the importance of operations management in business strategy and competitiveness.
This document provides an overview of operations management concepts related to forecasting, materials flow, production processes, and just-in-time systems. Specifically, it discusses forecasting methods and applications, defines materials flow and material flow management, describes different production systems including job shop, batch, and continuous production, and outlines the objectives, types of waste, tactics, and benefits of just-in-time systems.
Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling production activities to ensure goods and services are produced according to specifications, in the required amounts and on schedule, at minimum cost. The objectives of production management are to produce quality products at the estimated manufacturing cost and minimum resource use, and to maximize resource utilization. Key functions include selection of products/designs, production processes, capacity, and planning and controlling production, quality, costs, and inventories. Plant layout and location factors must also be considered to optimize efficiency and productivity.
Production management deals with manufacturing products like cars and computers, while operation management covers both products and services. Production management requires more capital equipment to produce goods, while operation management requires more labor and less equipment for services. There is no customer participation during production, but operation management needs constant customer contact for services. The scopes of production and operation management include facility location, plant layout, material handling, process design, production planning and control, quality control, and material management.
This document defines and describes Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). TPM aims to improve equipment effectiveness and reduce breakdowns and losses through collaborative maintenance practices between operators and maintenance staff. The document outlines the objectives, introduction, pillars and benefits of TPM. The eight pillars of TPM include autonomous maintenance, focused improvement, planned maintenance, quality maintenance, education and training, development management, safety and health, and office TPM. Key performance metrics for TPM include availability, performance, quality, and overall equipment effectiveness. Challenges to implementing TPM include lack of resources, cultural change, and resistance to change.
This document discusses various quality control concepts including:
- Benefits of Just-in-Time manufacturing such as reduced inventory and costs.
- The concept of zero defects which aims to eliminate defects and reduce costs.
- Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) which is used to identify potential failures and prioritize risks.
- The 8 pillars of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) which focus on preventative maintenance.
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 which helps organizations implement quality management systems.
- Sampling inspection which inspects a sample of items rather than 100% to reduce costs versus full inspection.
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a strategy to improve equipment effectiveness and productivity by optimizing maintenance practices and involving all employees. The objectives of TPM are to improve machine effectiveness, efficiency, reliability and maintenance through practices like autonomous maintenance involving operators and preventive maintenance. TPM has eight pillars that guide its implementation including autonomous maintenance, planned maintenance, quality maintenance, education and training, and safety. When implemented effectively, TPM can increase productivity, availability, and overall equipment effectiveness while reducing costs through elimination of waste.
The document provides an overview of production management. It defines production as the process of converting raw materials into finished goods through value-addition. Production management refers to applying management principles to oversee production activities and ensure specified products are produced to meet sales targets. The objectives of production management are to produce quality products in the right quantities, at the right time and place, and at the lowest possible cost. The document also describes different production systems based on volume, including job shop, batch, mass and continuous production.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT.pptxkshitij808555
This document discusses production and operations management. It defines production as the process of converting inputs like raw materials into outputs like finished goods and services. Production management refers to applying management principles to oversee this production process. The objectives of production management include maximizing customer satisfaction and profit while minimizing costs, waste, and inventory levels. Production managers are responsible for planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the production system. Their decisions can be categorized as long-term strategic decisions, short-term operating decisions, and control decisions to manage issues like quality, costs, and equipment breakdowns.
Module-1 Introduction to Operations ManagementNirajMishra67
This document provides an introduction to operations management. It defines operations as the part of a business responsible for producing goods or services. Operations management is defined as the management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services. It also discusses the differences between goods and services, and provides examples of each. Finally, it introduces key concepts in operations management including supply chains, inputs and outputs in production processes, and the importance of production functions.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
production and operations management(POM) Complete note kabul university
The Introduction to POM, Scope, Role, and Objectives of POM, Operations Mgt. – Concept; Functions
Product Design and its characteristics;
Product Development Process, Product Development Techniques.
Three villages surrounding a soft drink manufacturing unit in Kerala have been negatively impacted by the unit's waste disposal practices. Over 1000 families have been affected by contaminated water and foul-smelling waste being dumped on nearby land. The waste was initially sold as fertilizer but now is forcibly dumped. Tribal protesters are calling for the factory to be closed due to the negative environmental and health impacts.
1. Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling activities related to the production of goods and services.
2. The objectives of production management are to produce the right quality and quantity of goods or services, at the predetermined time and pre-established cost.
3. The key types of production systems are make-to-stock, make-to-order, and assemble-to-order. Make-to-stock involves keeping finished goods in inventory, make-to-order starts production after receiving a specific customer order, and assemble-to-order produces standard component parts and assembles the final product per a customer's order.
1. Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling activities related to the production of goods and services.
2. The objectives of production management are to produce the right quality and quantity of goods or services, at the predetermined time and established cost.
3. Production management is related to other functional areas like marketing, finance, personnel, materials management, and maintenance to optimize production.
Lean manufacturing is a way to eliminate waste and improve efficiency. It focuses on minimizing muda, or waste, including excess inventory, unnecessary motion, defects, and overproduction. Lean originated from the Toyota Production System, which aimed to reduce costs through practices like just-in-time production and continuous improvement. The key aspects of lean are identifying value-added steps and removing waste, ensuring smooth workflow, using pull systems between processes, and engaging employees in continuous improvement.
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a holistic approach to equipment maintenance that aims for perfect equipment performance through involvement of all employees. It combines preventive maintenance with total quality control and employee involvement to create a culture of shared responsibility for equipment. The goals of TPM include achieving minimum 80% production efficiency, 90% equipment efficiency, zero defects, accidents and breakdowns. It has eight pillars including 5S, autonomous maintenance, planned maintenance, focused improvement and training which work together to eliminate equipment losses.
This document provides an overview of maintenance of agricultural machinery. It defines maintenance as actions taken to prevent equipment failure and keep systems running efficiently. The main points are:
- Maintenance includes repair, inspection, and preventative actions to extend equipment lifespan and reduce costs. It aims to optimize value and performance.
- Regular maintenance is needed to keep equipment reliable and reduce unexpected breakdowns that cause downtime. It also improves safety.
- Planning maintenance ensures work is done properly with the right resources. Planning involves prioritizing tasks, estimating time, and determining needs.
- Proper documentation like equipment history records helps analyze issues, improve processes, and make informed decisions about equipment selection and repairs.
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT- Full Slides.pptxThusharaVinay
This document provides an overview of operations management. It defines key terms like production management and operations management. It outlines the 5 Ps of operations management - product, processes, plant, programmes, personnel. It discusses the importance, objectives, and scope of operations management. It also describes different types of production systems like job shop production, flow shop, batch manufacturing, continuous production systems. It provides a system view of operations management and discusses operations strategy.
Cleaner production is a strategy to reduce risks to the population and environment by minimizing waste and emissions from processes, products, and services. It identifies deficiencies in production processes and proposes corrective measures. The implementation of cleaner production follows a series of steps: 1) starting the process and analyzing the current situation, 2) material/process analysis, 3) defining improvement options, 4) prioritizing options, 5) implementation planning, and 6) follow-up and evaluation. Benefits include reduced costs, waste, and pollution while improving company image and working conditions.
Current Goods Manufacturing Practice & Industrial ManagementLukman N Kerur
This document provides an overview of CGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) and industrial management. It discusses key aspects of CGMP such as plant layout, services, equipment, production organization, materials management, handling and transportation, inventory management, production planning and control, sales forecasting, budgeting, quality management, and industrial relationships. The objectives of CGMP are to ensure product quality and consistency in manufacturing. Key elements outlined include facilities and equipment requirements, quality control of materials, production systems, and regulatory compliance.
The document provides an introduction to operations management concepts including defining operations, products, services, and supply chains. It discusses different types of production systems and strategies including mass production, lean production, and agile manufacturing. The document also covers topics like facilities layout, location planning, quality management, and environmental sustainability in operations. It emphasizes the importance of operations management in business strategy and competitiveness.
This document provides an overview of operations management concepts related to forecasting, materials flow, production processes, and just-in-time systems. Specifically, it discusses forecasting methods and applications, defines materials flow and material flow management, describes different production systems including job shop, batch, and continuous production, and outlines the objectives, types of waste, tactics, and benefits of just-in-time systems.
Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling production activities to ensure goods and services are produced according to specifications, in the required amounts and on schedule, at minimum cost. The objectives of production management are to produce quality products at the estimated manufacturing cost and minimum resource use, and to maximize resource utilization. Key functions include selection of products/designs, production processes, capacity, and planning and controlling production, quality, costs, and inventories. Plant layout and location factors must also be considered to optimize efficiency and productivity.
Production management deals with manufacturing products like cars and computers, while operation management covers both products and services. Production management requires more capital equipment to produce goods, while operation management requires more labor and less equipment for services. There is no customer participation during production, but operation management needs constant customer contact for services. The scopes of production and operation management include facility location, plant layout, material handling, process design, production planning and control, quality control, and material management.
This document defines and describes Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). TPM aims to improve equipment effectiveness and reduce breakdowns and losses through collaborative maintenance practices between operators and maintenance staff. The document outlines the objectives, introduction, pillars and benefits of TPM. The eight pillars of TPM include autonomous maintenance, focused improvement, planned maintenance, quality maintenance, education and training, development management, safety and health, and office TPM. Key performance metrics for TPM include availability, performance, quality, and overall equipment effectiveness. Challenges to implementing TPM include lack of resources, cultural change, and resistance to change.
This document discusses various quality control concepts including:
- Benefits of Just-in-Time manufacturing such as reduced inventory and costs.
- The concept of zero defects which aims to eliminate defects and reduce costs.
- Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) which is used to identify potential failures and prioritize risks.
- The 8 pillars of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) which focus on preventative maintenance.
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 which helps organizations implement quality management systems.
- Sampling inspection which inspects a sample of items rather than 100% to reduce costs versus full inspection.
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a strategy to improve equipment effectiveness and productivity by optimizing maintenance practices and involving all employees. The objectives of TPM are to improve machine effectiveness, efficiency, reliability and maintenance through practices like autonomous maintenance involving operators and preventive maintenance. TPM has eight pillars that guide its implementation including autonomous maintenance, planned maintenance, quality maintenance, education and training, and safety. When implemented effectively, TPM can increase productivity, availability, and overall equipment effectiveness while reducing costs through elimination of waste.
The document provides an overview of production management. It defines production as the process of converting raw materials into finished goods through value-addition. Production management refers to applying management principles to oversee production activities and ensure specified products are produced to meet sales targets. The objectives of production management are to produce quality products in the right quantities, at the right time and place, and at the lowest possible cost. The document also describes different production systems based on volume, including job shop, batch, mass and continuous production.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT.pptxkshitij808555
This document discusses production and operations management. It defines production as the process of converting inputs like raw materials into outputs like finished goods and services. Production management refers to applying management principles to oversee this production process. The objectives of production management include maximizing customer satisfaction and profit while minimizing costs, waste, and inventory levels. Production managers are responsible for planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the production system. Their decisions can be categorized as long-term strategic decisions, short-term operating decisions, and control decisions to manage issues like quality, costs, and equipment breakdowns.
Module-1 Introduction to Operations ManagementNirajMishra67
This document provides an introduction to operations management. It defines operations as the part of a business responsible for producing goods or services. Operations management is defined as the management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services. It also discusses the differences between goods and services, and provides examples of each. Finally, it introduces key concepts in operations management including supply chains, inputs and outputs in production processes, and the importance of production functions.
Similar to production and operation Management SYBBA-IB (20)
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
2. CONTENT:
• Meaning & Definition of
Production and Operations Management , Classification
• Objectives and Scope of Production and Operations
Management
• Automation-Meaning and Definition, Need and Types
of Automation - Advantages and Disadvantages.
• Waste Management - Scrap and Surplus Disposal,
Salvage and Recovery.
3. Production and Operation Management:
• Production Management:
• Production operations management is the process of turning an organization's resources
into goods and services.
• Production management relates to the activities around creating products.
• production management, also called operations management, planning and control of
industrial processes to ensure that they move smoothly at the required level. Techniques
of production management are employed in service as well as in manufacturing
industries.
• Operation Management:
• Operations management has to do with the production and delivery of products and
services.
• Operations management is the administration of business structure, practices, and
processes to enhance efficiency and maximize profit. It refers to the management of
functions that a business needs to run effectively day-to-day, including: Overseeing
multiple departments and providing goals.
4. • Production Management: Definition
“Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling all
activities of production. It combines the six main elements i.e. money, men, materials,
machines, markets, and methods in order to fulfill different demands of customers.”
• Production management assists in the optimal usage of resources such as machines,
workforce, raw materials, etc.
• It aims to minimize production costs while maximizing profits.
• It makes sure that both the capital and resources are being used efficiently and to their
fullest
• Operation Management: Definition
“Operations management means overseeing and coordinating an organization's operating
system, minimizing disruptions, reducing downtime, and maximizing productivity.
Furthermore, operations management maintains a competitive edge by meeting deadlines and
delivering on time.”
• It is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the resources needed to
produce goods and services.
• The scope of operations management includes all the activities necessary to plan, design,
and manage the production and distribution process.
5. Objectives of Production and Operation Management:
Primary Objectives Secondary Objective
1. Manufacturing Cost
• Reduction in Variable cost
• Reduction in Fixed Cost
• Increase on Volume of Production
1. Machinery and Equipment
• Increased utilization rate of Machinery
2. Product Quality 2. Materials
3. Manufacturing Schedule 3. Manpower
4. Manufacturing Services
6. “Scope of Production and
Operation Management”
Long Term
Decisions:
Product selection
and Product
Design
Plant Location Plant Layout Capacity Planning
Short Term
Decisions
Production
Planning And
Control
Inventory
Control
Quality
Control
Methods
Study
Maintenance
and
Replacement
Cost
Reduction
And
Control
Integration with
other operational
functions
7. Automation:
• Automation is Defined as “The technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a
system operate automatically.”
• Automation is "the creation and application of technology to monitor and control the
production and delivery of products and services.”
• In the context of manufacturing, is the use of equipment to automate systems or
production processes. The end goal is to drive greater efficiency by either increasing
production capacity or reducing costs, often both. Automation has become known more
as using machines to reduce work performed by humans.
• Automation is “Minimal human intervention to perform a task.”
8. TYPES OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM:
1. Job Shop Production
2. Batch Production
3. Continuous Flow Process
4. Mass Manufacturing of Discrete Products
Types of Automation System:
1. Fixed Automation
2. Programmable Automation
3. Flexible Automation
4. Integrated Automation
9. Advantages of Automation:
1. Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical work
2. Replacing humans in task done in dangerous environment (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes,
underwater etc.)
3. Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, etc.
4. Economy improvement.
5. Reduced operation time and handling time.
Disadvantages of Automation:
1. Unemployment rate increases
2. Technical Limitation: unable to automate all desired tasks.
3. Security threat/ vulnerability: limited level of intelligence; hence most likely
susceptible to commit error.
4. Unpredictable development cost
5. High initial cost.
10. Waste Management:
• Waste management refers to the various schemes to manage and dispose of wastes. It
can be by discarding, destroying, processing, recycling, reusing, or controlling wastes.
The prime objective of waste management is to reduce the amount of unusable
materials and to avert potential health and environmental hazards.
• Reducing waste will not only protect the environment but will also save on costs or
reduce expenses for disposal. In the same way, recycling and/or reusing the waste that
is produced benefits the environment by lessening the need to extract resources and
lowers the potential for contamination.
• “Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the activities and actions
required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes
the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with
monitoring and regulation of the waste management process.”
11. Types of Waste:
1. Classification Based On Physical Waste 2. Classification Based on Source of Waste
A. Solid Waste
• Glass and Ceramics
• Plastic Waste
• Paper Rubbish
• Metals and Tins
B. Liquid Waste:
• Grease, oil, wash water, Dirty water.
C. Gaseous Waste:
• By-product of some reaction:
C02, H2, NH3, HCL
• House hold/ Domestic Waste
• Industrial Waste
• Medical/ clinical waste
• Agricultural waste
• Commercial Waste
• Mining waste
12. The three R’s of Waste Management:
1. Reduce
2. Reuse
3. Recycle
Management of Industrial Waste:
• Disposal of Waste:
Depending upon the characteristics of the wastes, different types of disposal methods
can be used for hazardous and non-hazardous industrial wastes. The most predominant
and widely practiced methods for wastes disposal are :
1. Segregation
2. Utilize Landfills
3. Composting
13. Scrap and Surplus:
• Surplus – These materials / equipment do not have immediate use, but
have been amassed due to faulty planning and purchasing. But they do
have a usage value in the future.
• Scrap: Residual materials after expiry of life / main use or left over
materials as waste in the process of completion of recommended
operation cycle.
Salvage and Recovery:
• Salvage:
Salvaging means the controlled removal of waste material for utilization
• Recovery of waste:
The recovery of waste, as its name indicates, is the process by which a waste
is transformed in order to be used for a new purpose or to substitute
materials within other industrial processes or products.
14. QUESTIONS FOR UNIT TEST 1: (Any 2)
( Each for 10 Marks)
1.What is Production and operation management? State the scope of
Production and operation Management.
2. Define Automation. Explain the types of automation system with it’s
advantages and disadvantages.
3. What is Waste Management? Explain Various methods of Waste
Management.
