3. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Table of contents
showing names of
sections in the
lesson– these will
all be clickable
Name of the section
currently in view
Name of lesson
Close button for
section currently in
view
SCREEN LAYOUT
Navigation between
different screens within
a section
Instructions to tell
user where to click
on the screen next
Navigation between
different sections in
the lesson
5. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
LEARNING OUTCOMES AND ASSESSMENT STANDARDS
Processing Techniques
Learning Outcome 1: Hardware and system software
Assessment Standard 11.1.11:
• Discusses processing techniques and memory management.
Lesson outcomes
Once you have worked through this lesson, you should be able to:
• List the four processing techniques.
• Explain how each processing technique can be implemented.
Click the highlighted icon
14. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Processing Techniques
Type instruction here
MULTI-TASKING is a processing technique where the
computer switches between programs giving each one a
“slice” of the CPU’s processing time.
Browsing
Internet
Playing
music
Instant
messaging
Typing a
document
The CPU is
executing
this
program
The CPU is
executing
this
program
The CPU is
executing
this
program
The CPU is
executing
this
program
The CPU is
executing
this
program
The CPU is
executing
this
program
The CPU is
executing
this
program
The CPU is
executing
this
program
NOTE: This is done so fast that it seems like
the programs are actually running at
the same time.
Multi-tasking
Multi-tasking
19. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Multi-threading
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
MULTI-THREADING is a processing technique where parts of a
program are broken into “threads.” The computer switches
between these threads giving each one a “slice” of the CPU’s
processing time.
Browsing
Internet
Playing
music
Instant
messaging
Typing a
document
The CPU is
executing
this
program
The CPU is
executing
this
program
Spelling Formatting
Inserting
images
Saving
Typing a
document
Multi-threading
The CPU is
executing
this thread
The CPU is
executing
this thread
The CPU is
executing
this thread
The CPU is
executing
this thread
NOTE: This happens so fast that it seems
like the threads are running and are
executed at the same time.
23. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Processing Techniques
Select you answer and then click the Check button.
A word processor tracks
what I am typing (input),
displays the text (output)
while checking spelling and
also grammar at the same
time.
Check
While typing in values into a
spreadsheet, I open the
calculator, check if my values
are correct and then continue
to update the spreadsheet.
CLOSE
Click the radio
button next to
the example of
multi-threading
and then click the
Check button.Multi-threading
Multi-threading
24. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Processing Techniques
Select you answer and then click the Check button.
A word processor tracks
what I am typing (input),
displays the text (output)
while checking spelling and
also grammar at the same
time.
Check
While typing in values into a
spreadsheet, I open the
calculator, check if my values
are correct and then continue
to update the spreadsheet.
CLOSECORRECT
ANSWER:
Multi-threading
Multi-threading
25. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Processing Techniques
A word processor tracks
what I am typing (input),
displays the text (output)
while checking spelling and
also grammar at the same
time.
Check
While typing in values into a
spreadsheet, I open the
calculator, check if my values
are correct and then continue
to update the spreadsheet.
CLOSE
Click the Close button
Good thinking! All the tasks
listed are performed within
the same program – that is
why this is a good example of
multi-threading.
Multi-threading
Multi-threading
26. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Close button
A word processor tracks
what I am typing (input),
displays the text (output)
while checking spelling and
also grammar at the same
time.
Check
While typing in values into a
spreadsheet, I open the
calculator, check if my values
are correct and then continue
to update the spreadsheet.
CLOSE
The first one is a good example of
multi-threading because the CPU has
to execute different tasks within the
same programme.
In the second example, the
spreadsheet is a program and the
calculator is another program and
“jumping” or “switching” between
two programs is called multi-tasking.
Multi-threading
Multi-threading
31. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Multi-processing
Processing Techniques
Type instruction here
MULTI-PROCESSING is a processing technique where different
processing tasks are run on different processors (or
“processor cores”) at the same time.
Internet browser Music player Word processor
Instant
messenger
The CPU is
executing
this program
The CPU is
executing
this program
The CPU
is
executing
this
thread
The CPU
is
executing
this
thread
The CPU is
executing
this program
Display
output
Save
Insert
image
The CPU
is
executing
this
threadClick the arrow to see what happens
when you add a second processor.
Multi-processing
CPU /core 1
32. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Multi-processing
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
MULTI-PROCESSING is a processing technique where different
processing tasks are run on different processors (or
“processor cores”) at the same time.
Internet browser Music player Word processor
Instant
messenger
CPU /core 1
Display
output
Save
Insert
image
Internet browser Music player Word processor
Instant
messenger
CPU /core 2
Display
output
Save
Insert
image
NOTE: Each of the two cores can implement
multi-tasking and multi-threading.
Multi-processing
Imagine how fast a quad
core processor (a CPU
with four cores) will be
able to multi-process,
multi-task and multi-
thread!
38. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the highlighted area
HYPER-THREADING is a processing technique where
threads can share the use of one CPU by simulating two
execution units.
Internet browser Music player Word processor
Display
output
Edit
text
Insert
image
The CPU
executes
thread
The CPU loads
the registers
with the
appropriate
data.
The CPU executes the
program
The CPU loads
the registers
with the
appropriate
data.
The CPU
executes
thread
When the CPU has to execute a thread, it
first has to load the registers with the
appropriate data for the thread.
This process is repeated every time the
CPU swaps between threads, in other
words when it’s implementing multi-
threading.
Hyper-threading
Hyper-threading
39. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
HYPER-THREADING is a processing technique where
threads can share the use of one CPU by simulating two
execution units.
Internet browser Music player Word processor
Display
output
Edit
text
Insert
image
The CPU
executes
thread
Intel processors that implement hyper-threading
have an extra set of registers so that the data
does not need to be loaded into the same set of
registers and can be accessed immediately by
the other thread.
This saves a lot of time and the operating system
is “fooled” into believing that there is a second
processor core when there isn’t actually one.
The CPU loads
the registers
with the
appropriate
data.
Extra set of
registers
The CPU loads
the registers
with the
appropriate
data.
Hyper-threading
Hyper-threading
45. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Drag the term from the left column onto the correct definition on the right.
Question 1
Match the definitions to the terms:
Hyper threading
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Multi-tasking
A processing technique where “time-slices” are
allocated to several applications and processing
switches between them giving the impression that all
the applications are running at the same time.
A processing technique where threads share the use
of one CPU by simulating two CPU execution units.
This “fools” the operating system into believing that
there are two CPUs.
A processing technique where more than one program
or thread executes at the same time on different CPUs
or CPU cores
A processing technique where time-slices are allocated
to active threads and processing switches between
these so fast it appears that an application is doing
several things simultaneously.CHECK
Activity
46. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Drag the term from the left column onto the correct definition on the right.
Question 1
Match the definitions to the terms:
A processing technique where “time-slices” are
allocated to several applications and processing
switches between them giving the impression that all
the applications are running at the same time.
A processing technique where threads share the use
of one CPU by simulating two CPU execution units.
This “fools” the operating system into believing that
there are two CPUs.
A processing technique where more than one program
or thread executes at the same time on different CPUs
or CPU cores
A processing technique where time-slices are allocated
to active threads and processing switches between
these so fast it appears that an application is doing
several things simultaneously.
Activity
CORRECT
ANSWERS:
Hyper threading
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Multi-tasking
47. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
Question 1
Match the definitions to the terms:
A processing technique where “time-slices” are
allocated to several applications and processing
switches between them giving the impression that all
the applications are running at the same time.
A processing technique where threads share the use
of one CPU by simulating two CPU execution units.
This “fools” the operating system into believing that
there are two CPUs.
A processing technique where more than one program
or thread executes at the same time on different CPUs
or CPU cores
A processing technique where time-slices are allocated
to active threads and processing switches between
these so fast it appears that an application is doing
several things simultaneously.
Activity
Hyper threading
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Multi-tasking
Well done!
All your answers
are correct.
48. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
Question 1
Match the definitions to the terms:
A processing technique where “time-slices” are
allocated to several applications and processing
switches between them giving the impression that all
the applications are running at the same time.
A processing technique where threads share the use
of one CPU by simulating two CPU execution units.
This “fools” the operating system into believing that
there are two CPUs.
A processing technique where more than one program
or thread executes at the same time on different CPUs
or CPU cores
A processing technique where time-slices are allocated
to active threads and processing switches between
these so fast it appears that an application is doing
several things simultaneously.
Activity
Hyper threading
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Multi-tasking
Oops!
Only some of
your answers
are correct.
Click the RETRY
button.
RETRY
49. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
Question 1
Match the definitions to the terms:
A processing technique where “time-slices” are
allocated to several applications and processing
switches between them giving the impression that all
the applications are running at the same time.
A processing technique where threads share the use
of one CPU by simulating two CPU execution units.
This “fools” the operating system into believing that
there are two CPUs.
A processing technique where more than one program
or thread executes at the same time on different CPUs
or CPU cores
A processing technique where time-slices are allocated
to active threads and processing switches between
these so fast it appears that an application is doing
several things simultaneously.
Activity
Hyper threading
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Multi-tasking
Oops!
None of your
answers are
correct.
Click the RETRY
button.
RETRY
50. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
Question 1
Match the definitions to the terms:
A processing technique where “time-slices” are
allocated to several applications and processing
switches between them giving the impression that all
the applications are running at the same time.
A processing technique where threads share the use
of one CPU by simulating two CPU execution units.
This “fools” the operating system into believing that
there are two CPUs.
A processing technique where more than one program
or thread executes at the same time on different CPUs
or CPU cores
A processing technique where time-slices are allocated
to active threads and processing switches between
these so fast it appears that an application is doing
several things simultaneously.
Activity
Some are still
incorrect.
Click the
information
icons.
51. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
Question 1
Match the definitions to the terms:
A processing technique where “time-slices” are
allocated to several applications and processing
switches between them giving the impression that all
the applications are running at the same time.
A processing technique where threads share the use
of one CPU by simulating two CPU execution units.
This “fools” the operating system into believing that
there are two CPUs.
A processing technique where more than one program
or thread executes at the same time on different CPUs
or CPU cores
A processing technique where time-slices are allocated
to active threads and processing switches between
these so fast it appears that an application is doing
several things simultaneously.
Activity
Some are still
incorrect.
Click the
information
icons.
A processing technique where “time-slices” are allocated to several applications
and processing switches between them giving the impression that all the
applications are running at the same time.
This is a definition of multi-tasking - the computer switches between programs
giving each one a “slice” of the CPU’s processing time.
A processing technique where threads share the use of one CPU by simulating
two CPU execution units. This “fools” the operating system into believing that
there are two CPUs.
This is a definition of hyper-threading and it happens when a computer has an
extra set of registers/execution units into which it can load the data required for a
particular thread. The result is that the CPU can execute threads much quicker.A processing technique where more than one program or thread executes at the
same time on different CPUs or CPU cores.
This is a definition of multi-processing - the computer can only do multi-processing
if it has more than one CPU.
A processing technique where time-slices are allocated to active threads and
processing switches between these so fast it appears that an application is doing
several things simultaneously.
This is a definition of multi-threading and it happens when parts of a program are
broken into “threads” and the CPU switches between these threads, giving each
one a “slice” of its processing time.
52. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the radio buttons next to the answers of your choice
Question 2
Read the statements below and indicate whether they are true or false:
Activity
1. Multi-tasking is implemented by means of more than one
CPU.
2. Hyper-threading simulates multiple CPU cores so that a
single core CPU is able to process threads more efficiently.
3. Multi-processing gives the appearance that more than one
task is being executed at a time.
4. Multi-processing and multi-tasking are primarily
implemented by means of time-slices.
5. Multi-threading and multi-processing can be implemented
at the same time in a quad core CPU.
6. Multi-tasking results in more than one task and/or thread
being executed at the same time.
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
53. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the radio buttons next to the answers of your choice
Question 2
Read the statements below and indicate whether they are true or false:
Activity
1. Multi-tasking is implemented by means of more than one
CPU.
2. Hyper-threading simulates multiple CPU cores so that a
single core CPU is able to process threads more efficiently.
3. Multi-processing gives the appearance that more than one
task is being executed at a time.
4. Multi-processing and multi-tasking are primarily
implemented by means of time-slices.
5. Multi-threading and multi-processing can be implemented
at the same time in a quad core CPU.
6. Multi-tasking results in more than one task and/or thread
being executed at the same time.
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
CORRECT
ANSWERS:
54. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the radio buttons next to the answers of your choice
Question 2
Read the statements below and indicate whether they are true or false:
Activity
1. Multi-tasking is implemented by means of more than one
CPU.
2. Hyper-threading simulates multiple CPU cores so that a
single core CPU is able to process threads more efficiently.
3. Multi-processing gives the appearance that more than one
task is being executed at a time.
4. Multi-processing and multi-tasking are primarily
implemented by means of time-slices.
5. Multi-threading and multi-processing can be implemented
at the same time in a quad core CPU.
6. Multi-tasking results in more than one task and/or thread
being executed at the same time.
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
55. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the information icon
Question 2
Read the statements below and indicate whether they are true or false:
Activity
1. Multi-tasking is implemented by means of more than one
CPU.
2. Hyper-threading simulates multiple CPU cores so that a
single core CPU is able to process threads more efficiently.
3. Multi-processing gives the appearance that more than one
task is being executed at a time.
4. Multi-processing and multi-tasking are primarily
implemented by means of time-slices.
5. Multi-threading and multi-processing can be implemented
at the same time in a quad core CPU.
6. Multi-tasking results in more than one task and/or thread
being executed at the same time.
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
This statement is FALSE – With multi-tasking,
you have one CPU that switches between
different execution tasks. Multi-processing is
implemented by means of multiple CPU cores.
This statement is FALSE – Multi-
processing is when multiple processing
cores are executing tasks and threads
at the same time.This statement is FALSE – Multi-
processing is implemented by means
of more than one processing core
performing tasks at the same time.
This statement is FALSE – Multi-tasking
is the result of more than one task being
executed at the same time. When more
than one thread is being executed, we
call it multi-threading.
56. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the computer of your choice
Question 3
Read the specifications below.
Which of the following two desktop computers is able to perform multi-
processing?
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Intel ® processor 1.6 GHz
• 1024 MB RAM
• 160GB HDD
• Super multi DVD writer
• Integrated LAN
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Intel ® Celeron ® Dual Core
processor 2.4 GHz
• 1024 MB RAM
• 160GB HDD
• Super multi DVD writer
• Integrated LAN
Activity
DESKTOP 1 DESKTOP 2
57. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the computer of your choice
Question 3
Read the specifications below.
Which of the following two desktop computers is able to perform multi-
processing?
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Intel ® processor 1.6 GHz
• 1024 MB RAM
• 160GB HDD
• Super multi DVD writer
• Integrated LAN
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Intel ® Celeron ® Dual Core
processor 2.4 GHz
• 1024 MB RAM
• 160GB HDD
• Super multi DVD writer
• Integrated LAN
Activity
DESKTOP 1 DESKTOP 2
CORRECT
ANSWER:
58. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
Question 3
Read the specifications below.
Which of the following two desktop computers is able to perform multi-
processing?
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Intel ® processor 1.6 GHz
• 1024 MB RAM
• 160GB HDD
• Super multi DVD writer
• Integrated LAN
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Intel ® Celeron ® Dual Core
processor 2.4 GHz
• 1024 MB RAM
• 160GB HDD
• Super multi DVD writer
• Integrated LAN
Activity
DESKTOP 1 DESKTOP 2
Well done!
This computer has a
dual core processor
and will therefore be
able to multi-process.
Desktop 1 has an Intel ® single
processor and will be able to
perform hyper-threading, but not
multi-processing.
59. Introduction
Multi-tasking
Multi-threading
Multi-processing
Hyper-threading
Activity
Activity
Processing Techniques
Click the Next button
Question 3
Read the specifications below.
Which of the following two desktop computers is able to perform multi-
processing?
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Intel ® processor 1.6 GHz
• 1024 MB RAM
• 160GB HDD
• Super multi DVD writer
• Integrated LAN
SPECIFICATIONS:
• Intel ® Celeron ® Dual Core
processor 2.4 GHz
• 1024 MB RAM
• 160GB HDD
• Super multi DVD writer
• Integrated LAN
Activity
DESKTOP 1 DESKTOP 2
This computer has an
Intel ® single core
processor and will
therefore NOT be
able to perform multi-
processing. However,
it can perform hyper-
threading.
Because Desktop 2 has a dual
core processor, it will be able to
perform multi-processing.
Lesson name: Processing Techniques
Sections need to be updated: see slide 7
This slide will need to be “fixed/updated.”
Conversation: prompt 3 characters to be clicked on.
Previous speech bubble in darker shade – to allow the user to follow the conversation easily
See facial expressions/gestures of characters
Bring the use of technology with character looking at PDA
4 Processing techniques identified
This is the start of the second section in the lesson
Definition of multitasking. Monitor must be prompted so that user can click it.
Multitasking explained visually. See in slide show mode. Note that with the second round of animation, the programmes should be clicked on in random order (not in the same order again) – otherwise learners may think that the CPU is dedicated to programmes in a specific order every time.
Application of theory through an example
Cont. from slide 15
Intro to the second technique (section 3 in lesson)
Explanation of multi-threading. Monitor should be prompted for user to click it to go to next slide.
Explanation of multi-threading with animation, highlighting sections within the definition. See in slide show mode. PROGRAMMER PLEASE NOTE: clicking on threads should happen randomly and not in a fixed order.
Cont. from slide 15
Conversation: prompt 3 characters to be clicked on.
Prompt the Example button
User can select only 1 of the two examples. On check button, show feedback as shown on next slide.
The correct answer’s radio button is coloured in black. If user selected the correct answer, show the next screen.
Feedback for correct answer: If user selected the correct one, show the next screen.
Feedback for correct answer: If user selected the correct one, show the next screen.
Prompt the Example button
Intro to the second technique (section 3 in lesson) – prompt Sipho to answer
Intro to the second technique (section 3 in lesson) – prompt Sipho to answer
Explanation of multi-threading. Monitor should be prompted for user to click it to go to next slide.
Explanation of multi-processing with animation, highlighting sections within the definition. See in slide show mode.
Explanation of multi-processing with animation, highlighting sections within the definition. See in slide show mode.
Cont. from slide 15
Cont. from slide 15
Explanation of multi-threading. Monitor should be prompted for user to click it to go to next slide.
The animation cycle should be repeated with “Insert image” as second thread.
The animation cycle should be repeated with “Insert image” as second thread.
4 Processing techniques identified
4 Processing techniques identified
4 Processing techniques identified
4 Processing techniques identified
4 Processing techniques identified
As soon as all four terms have been move onto the definitions, show the CHECK button and change instruction at the bottom to: Click the CHECK button. Correct answers and feedback appear on the next slide.
The correct answers are shown above.
Feedback for CORRECT answers: see in slide show mode for animation.
Feedback if SOME of the answers are correct: see in slide show mode for animation.
NOTE: Mark only the correct ones; add a retry button – ONLY allow one more attempt!; When user clicks on “retry”, only reset the incorrect answers.
Feedback if ALL the answers are INcorrect: see in slide show mode for animation.
NOTE: add a retry button – ONLY allow one more attempt!; When user clicks on “retry”, reset all the terms to their original position – i.e. show slide 46.
Feedback if still incorrect answers after second attempt: see in slide show mode for animation.
Mark only the correct answers with green check mark (see example above) and add info icons to the incorrect ones. Change instruction to: Click the Next button.
Feedback if still incorrect answers after second attempt: see in slide show mode for animation.
Mark only the correct answers with green check mark (see example above) and add info icons to the incorrect ones. Change instruction to: Click the Next button.
With this activity, the learner must get immediate feedback after selecting a radio button. See next slide for correct answers.
These are the CORRECT answers – show green check over the correct answer for the learner.
ANSWERS:
1.F
2.T
3.F
4.F
5.T
6.F
BUTTON REQUIRED: “CHECK ANSWERS” The button should not be enabled until all six questions are answered. When button is clicked first time a mark out of 6 is given. If less than 6/6 then also print message “Check your answers and try again” else (i.e. 6/6 achieved) print congratulations message and end. If second attempt given: second click of button must bring up message showing mark. If 6/6 then print congratulation message and end. If less than 6/6: a list of the question numbers that were answered correctly must be printed with a prompt to try again. User must be able to see the questions again, change answers and then click button again. If 6/6 then print congratulations message and end. Else print numbers of questions that are correct and allow user another chance. Loop until mark is 6/6. I hope that what I’m saying makes sense and that it’s possible to program this in Flash!!!
Show this icon if an answer was correct.
Show red “x” over the incorrect answer and show an information icon on which the learner must click. The info icons’ popups must all have close buttons.
With this activity, the learner must click on the computer of their choice. Correct answer and feedback on next two screens.
Correct answer.
Feedback on Correct answer.
Feedback on INcorrect answer.
4 Processing techniques identified
Conversation: prompt 3 characters to be clicked on.