This document introduces a course on Process Fluid Flow. It will cover topics including the definitions and properties of fluids, fluid statics, the Bernoulli and energy equations, flow in pipes and piping systems. Students will study gases, liquids and fluid dynamics, as well as fluid flow applications in fields like oceanography, meteorology, biomedical engineering and aeronautics. The course aims to provide models and equations to predict and analyze fluid motion and behavior.

1. Process Fluid Flow (PFF260S)
Semester 1, 2020
-Dr. Buntu Godongwana

2. Introduction (PFF260S)
Students in the first course of Process Fluid Flow might ask:
• What is Fluid Flow?
• What I will be studying in it?
• Why?
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3. Introduction (PFF260S)
3
0

 i
F
Gas Liquids Statics Dynamics
Air, He, Ar,
N2, etc.
Water, Oils,
Alcohols, etc.
0

 i
F
Viscous / Inviscid
Steady/Unsteady
Compressible/
Incompressible
Laminar/
Turbulent
, Flows
Compressibility Viscosity
Vapor
Pressure
Density
Pressure
Buoyancy
Chapters 1&2:
Introduction
Fluid Dynamics:
Rest of Course
Surface
Tension
Fluid Mechanics
Kinematics
Dr B. Godongwana, Semester 1 2020

4. Introduction (PFF260S)
Phases of matter
• Liquid
• Gas/ Vapor
• Solid
Similarities Differences ?
Cohesive forces, Molecule spacing, Volume
• Fluid?
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5. Introduction (PFF260S)
• What is a FLUID?
A Fluid is a substance that deforms (flows) continuously when acted upon
by a force (shearing stress) of any magnitude.
• On Earth, fluids conform to the shape of a container.
• Examples of fluids: water, air, and carbon dioxide.
• What about steel?
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Dr B. Godongwana, Semester 1 2020

6. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Why study Fluid Flow?
 Two of three states of matter are fluids.
 Solids can behave like fluids under many conditions.
 Earth’s atmosphere contains fluids.
 Profitable industries are based on fluids.
 Models and equations can predict the behavior of fluids.
 The human body is 80% water.
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7. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Why study Fluid Flow? (Oceanography)
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8. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Why study Fluid Flow? (Meteorology)
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9. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Why study Fluid Flow? (Biomedical Fluids)
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10. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Why study Fluid Flow? (Biomedical Fluids)
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11. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Why study Fluid Flow? (Aeronautics)
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12. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Why study Fluid Flow? (Aeronautics)
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13. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Why study Fluid Flow? (Turbulence)
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14. Introduction (PFF260S)
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Faces of Fluid Mechanics
Archimedes
287 BC - 212 BC
Da Vinci
1452 - 1519
Newton
1642 - 1726
Leibniz
1646 - 1716
Euler
1707 - 1783
Bernoulli
1700–1782
Navier
1785 - 1836
Stokes
1819 - 1903
Reynolds
1842 - 1912
Prandtl
1875 - 1953
Dr B. Godongwana, Semester 1 2020

15. Introduction (PFF260S)
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Faces of Fluid Mechanics
???
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16. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Fluid Flow Research
Fluids researchers seeks insight into:
 Flow through turbo-machinery,
 Flow in porous media
 Convective, diffusional and chemical reaction processes
 Fluids containing particles and gas bubbles
 Fluids interacting with solid boundaries
 Fluids changing phases
 Equations and models to predict motions
 Innovative measurement techniques
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Dr B. Godongwana, Semester 1 2020

17. Introduction (PFF260S)
• Syllabus
 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and its Basic Concepts
• Properties of Fluids
• Pressure and Fluid Statics
• Mass, Bernoulli and Energy Equations
• Flow in Pipes
• Losses in Piping System
• Piping Network and Pump Selection
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18. References (PFF260S)
• Munson, B. R., Young, D. F., and Okiishi, T. H. 2006.
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. 5th ed. Wiley: New York.
• White, F.M. 1998. Fluid Mechanics. 4th edition. McGraw-Hill: New
York.
• Geankoplis. C.J. 1993. Transport Processes and Unit Operations.
Prentice Hall: New Jersey.
• Fox, R.W., McDonald, A.T. & Pritchard, P.J. 2004. Introduction to
Fluid Mechanics. 6th edition. Wiley: New York.
• Holland, F.A. 1995. Fluid Flow for Chem. Engineers. 2nd edition.
Edward Arnold: London.
• Welty, J.R., Wicks, C. E., Wilson, R. E. 2001. Fundamentals of
Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer. 4th ed. John Wiley: New
York.
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19. References (PFF260S)
• Perry, R.H., Green, D.W. & Maloney, J.O. (eds). 1998. Perry’s
chemical engineer’s handbook. 7th ed. McGraw Hill: New York.
• Anderson, J.D. 1995. Computational fluid dynamics: the basics
with applications. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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