Private sector in india
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•1,049 views
The document discusses the private sector in India. It defines the private sector as organizations owned, managed, and controlled by private individuals or institutions, with profit maximization as the main goal. It notes that since 1991 economic reforms, the role of the private sector has increased significantly. Specifically, it outlines the growth of the private sector in terms of increasing companies and employment. It also discusses the government's role in supporting private sector growth through financial assistance, reducing licensing restrictions, and infrastructure development. Finally, it notes that the new economic policy of 1991 further aimed to increase privatization and liberalization to create a more competitive market environment.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Privatisation and disinvestment
The document discusses privatization and disinvestment in India. Privatization involves transferring ownership of public sector industries to private companies. The government aims to increase efficiency and competitiveness through privatization. Disinvestment is the process of the government selling assets or shares in public sector undertakings (PSUs) to reduce deficits and improve finances. It began in 1991 and a commission was formed to oversee disinvestment. Privatization transfers over 50% ownership and management control, while disinvestment can range from reducing government stake to below 50% control to full privatization.
Public sector its role, performance and reforms
B.Com (Hons) students, B.A. Economics
Public Sector Role, Objectives, performance, problems in india
Niti aayog
The planning commission of India was transformed into Niti aayog and the changes that put forward by Niti aayog and the difference between the planning commission and the Niti aayog are depicted in these slides.
Public sector Unit
This PPT is all about Public Sector unit.
What IS Public Sector Unit?
How it's Work?
How we can Identify?
and Many More
Economic planning in india
The document provides an overview of India's economic planning process since independence in 1947. It discusses the objectives and achievements of each of India's first 12 Five-Year Plans from 1951-2017. The planning process was established to rebuild and develop India's economy following independence, with a focus on industrialization, agriculture, infrastructure, and social development. Key highlights included the establishment of large dams and steel mills, the Green Revolution, nationalization of banks, and recent economic reforms beginning in the early 1990s.
Private sector
This document outlines the meaning, examples, characteristics, importance, and conclusion regarding the private sector. It defines the private sector as organizations that are owned, managed, and controlled by private individuals or institutions, with the goal of maximizing profit. It provides examples of major Indian private sector companies and discusses characteristics like private ownership, profit motive, and independent management financed privately without state participation. The importance discussed includes greater efficiency due to competition, increasing profits and government revenue, prioritizing economy, and making quicker decisions without bureaucracy. In conclusion, it states that the private sector is the foundation for economic progress in India.
Industrial policy
The document outlines India's industrial policies since independence. Key policies include the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 which accepted a mixed economy with government monopoly in select industries. The 1956 policy emphasized heavy industries and expanding the public sector. The 1973 policy gave preference to small and medium enterprises. The 1980 policy promoted competition and 1991 policy deregulated industry, allowed private sector flexibility, and reduced licensing/controls.
Role of public sector in the development process of indian economy
The document discusses public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India. It notes that PSUs have laid the foundation for rapid industrialization in India and contributed to making India a leader in major industries and technologies. It outlines that PSUs operate in various key sectors like coal, oil, steel, banking, telecom, and more. PSUs play an important role through capital formation, developing infrastructure, export earnings, import substitution, contributing to national income and employment generation, and promoting balanced regional development. Overall, PSUs account for over 22% of India's GDP and make significant economic and social contributions to the country.
Recommended
Privatisation and disinvestment
The document discusses privatization and disinvestment in India. Privatization involves transferring ownership of public sector industries to private companies. The government aims to increase efficiency and competitiveness through privatization. Disinvestment is the process of the government selling assets or shares in public sector undertakings (PSUs) to reduce deficits and improve finances. It began in 1991 and a commission was formed to oversee disinvestment. Privatization transfers over 50% ownership and management control, while disinvestment can range from reducing government stake to below 50% control to full privatization.
Public sector its role, performance and reforms
B.Com (Hons) students, B.A. Economics
Public Sector Role, Objectives, performance, problems in india
Niti aayog
The planning commission of India was transformed into Niti aayog and the changes that put forward by Niti aayog and the difference between the planning commission and the Niti aayog are depicted in these slides.
Public sector Unit
This PPT is all about Public Sector unit.
What IS Public Sector Unit?
How it's Work?
How we can Identify?
and Many More
Economic planning in india
The document provides an overview of India's economic planning process since independence in 1947. It discusses the objectives and achievements of each of India's first 12 Five-Year Plans from 1951-2017. The planning process was established to rebuild and develop India's economy following independence, with a focus on industrialization, agriculture, infrastructure, and social development. Key highlights included the establishment of large dams and steel mills, the Green Revolution, nationalization of banks, and recent economic reforms beginning in the early 1990s.
Private sector
This document outlines the meaning, examples, characteristics, importance, and conclusion regarding the private sector. It defines the private sector as organizations that are owned, managed, and controlled by private individuals or institutions, with the goal of maximizing profit. It provides examples of major Indian private sector companies and discusses characteristics like private ownership, profit motive, and independent management financed privately without state participation. The importance discussed includes greater efficiency due to competition, increasing profits and government revenue, prioritizing economy, and making quicker decisions without bureaucracy. In conclusion, it states that the private sector is the foundation for economic progress in India.
Industrial policy
The document outlines India's industrial policies since independence. Key policies include the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 which accepted a mixed economy with government monopoly in select industries. The 1956 policy emphasized heavy industries and expanding the public sector. The 1973 policy gave preference to small and medium enterprises. The 1980 policy promoted competition and 1991 policy deregulated industry, allowed private sector flexibility, and reduced licensing/controls.
Role of public sector in the development process of indian economy
The document discusses public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India. It notes that PSUs have laid the foundation for rapid industrialization in India and contributed to making India a leader in major industries and technologies. It outlines that PSUs operate in various key sectors like coal, oil, steel, banking, telecom, and more. PSUs play an important role through capital formation, developing infrastructure, export earnings, import substitution, contributing to national income and employment generation, and promoting balanced regional development. Overall, PSUs account for over 22% of India's GDP and make significant economic and social contributions to the country.
Role of public and private sector
The document discusses the public and private sectors in India. The public sector includes industries controlled by the government, such as SAIL and Indian Oil Corporation, and aims to provide quality services and products to citizens. The private sector is run by individuals or groups for profit, with capital arranged by owners and no government participation, such as Tata Consultancy Services and ICICI Bank. Both sectors play important roles in India's economy, with the public sector contributing to growth, employment, and infrastructure development, while the private sector increases competition and standards of living. Overall the sectors need to work together to develop India's economic conditions.
Capital formation its source
Capital formation is the process of building up the capital stock of a country through investing in productive plants and equipment.
Capital formation, in other words, involves the increasing of capital assets by efficient utilization of the available and human resources of the country.
Public sector Enterprises
This document defines the public sector as enterprises controlled and managed directly by the government, with the main objective of social welfare. It provides examples of public sector enterprises like Steel Authority of India Limited and National Thermal Power Corporation. The characteristics of the public sector are government ownership and control, financing by the government, focus on social welfare, and heavy investment. Some limitations are a lack of flexibility, poor management, delays in decision making, and lack of innovation and efficiency.
Role of government in business environment
The government plays four key roles in the business environment: regulatory, promotional, entrepreneurial, and planning. For the regulatory role, the government regulates business entry, operations, and results through policies like licensing and profit/dividend ceilings. Promotionally, the government establishes infrastructure and training institutions to encourage entrepreneurship. As an entrepreneur, the government operates businesses in sectors like steel and petroleum. Finally, in its planning role, the government aims to optimally allocate resources through plans guiding industry growth and prioritizing sectors.
Public enterprise
This document defines and describes public enterprises. Public enterprises are commercial or industrial undertakings that are owned and managed by the government to maximize social welfare and public interest. They are characterized by government ownership and management, financing from government funds, an objective of public welfare, and accountability. The document discusses advantages like providing essential services at low prices and avoiding private monopoly, as well as disadvantages like potential for losses, inefficiency without competition, and political interference. It concludes by outlining the government's role in reforming public sector efficiency and integrity.
Deficit financing
Deficit financing is when a government finances its budgetary deficit through borrowing or increasing the money supply. In India it refers to expenditures exceeding current revenues, with public borrowing to cover the difference. The main types of deficits are the budget, revenue, fiscal, and primary deficits. Fiscal deficits in India have increased substantially over time, from 23 billion rupees in 1974-75 to over 5 trillion rupees in 2012-13. Deficit financing can be used to remedy economic issues but comes with adverse effects like inflation, reduced savings and investment, and higher production costs.
Niti aayog
This document outlines a group project on the topic of NITI Aayog, the Indian think tank that replaced the Planning Commission. It provides information on the group members, topics to be covered in the project, background on NITI Aayog including its objectives, formation, leadership, and how it differs from the Planning Commission. It also summarizes the impact of replacing the Planning Commission with NITI Aayog, initiatives taken by NITI Aayog, and concludes that NITI Aayog will enhance cooperative federalism and innovative thinking.
Public sector
This presentation summarizes the key problems faced by public sector undertakings in India. It begins by defining public sector undertakings as businesses owned, managed, and controlled by the government that are funded by the government and have welfare-oriented objectives. The main problems identified are underutilization of installed capacity, poor planning and delays in project implementation, insufficient growth in productivity due to lack of employee satisfaction and motivation, overstaffing, unclear objectives and role definition, debates around appropriate extent and coverage of public sector involvement, challenges with organization and management structures, and conflicts between autonomy and accountability to government oversight. The presentation concludes that public sector undertakings have continuously incurred losses due to numerous financial and non-financial problems and that more
Fiscal federation new.pptx
The document discusses fiscal federalism in India. It defines fiscal federalism and explains its importance in India by enabling collaboration between central and state governments. It outlines the evolution of fiscal federalism in India from the pre-independence era of centralized British rule to the post-independence constitution establishing a federal system. It describes types of fiscal imbalances in India and central government transfers to states, including statutory transfers mandated by law and discretionary transfers for specific programs. It discusses performance-based grants and the 2017 M. Govinda Rao report recommending rationalizing transfers and introducing such grants. Finally, it outlines the terms of reference for India's 15th Finance Commission report on fiscal transfers from 2020-2025.
Industrial policy.ppt
Here is a draft clause to address the issue of bogus Khadi units operating in India and claiming rebates from the Government of India under the existing Industrial Policy of India:
To promote authentic Khadi production and curb the operation of bogus Khadi units, the following measures shall be introduced:
1. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) will establish strict criteria for Khadi production units to be recognized as authentic producers eligible for Government rebates and incentives. These may include parameters around raw material sourcing, production processes, record keeping, etc.
2. All existing and new Khadi production units must register with KVIC and satisfy the recognition criteria to be able to claim any
Public enterprises
The document discusses public enterprises in Nepal. It notes that there are 36 public enterprises operating across 6 broad sectors: industrial, commercial, service, social, public utility, and finance. It provides data showing the capital investment and profits/losses of the sectors. Overall, the financial status of most public enterprises is unsatisfactory, with the industrial and social sectors incurring losses. The key types of public enterprises discussed are departmental undertakings, public corporations, government companies, and department boards.
Fiscal Policy by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet,Nepal )
Fiscal policy refers to government spending, taxation, and borrowing tools that are used to promote full employment, price stability, and economic growth. It involves government revenue collection and expenditures to achieve economic stability without inflation or deflation. Fiscal policy tools include taxes, public expenditures, public borrowing, and deficit financing, which governments can use in expansionary or contractionary ways to influence aggregate demand and the macroeconomy.
Role of foreign capital
This document provides an overview of foreign capital in India. It discusses the different forms of foreign capital including foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, external aid, and external commercial borrowings. FDI can take the form of joint ventures, technical collaborations, or private placements. FPI includes investments in stocks, bonds, and funds raised through instruments like GDRs and ADRs. External aid may come from other governments, international organizations, or private sources, and can be tied to certain conditions or untied. ECBs comprise loans and credits from foreign commercial and multilateral sources used to finance commercial activities in India. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of foreign capital.
What is Tax Reform.docx
Tax reform is a policy implemented by governments to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their tax systems. It aims to close loopholes, lower tax evasion, and generate higher tax revenues. Tax reform objectives include decreasing marginal tax rates, lowering taxes on savings and investment, reducing tax avoidance, improving economic decision making, and providing uniform treatment across industries. While tax reform enhances tax system functioning, it can also distort economies and be politically motivated in the short term. Overall, tax reform strengthens tax systems by widening the tax base and simplifying tax laws.
Deficits and its types
This presentation discusses about the following subtopics:
What is a government deficit?
Types of deficit
What is a revenue deficit?
What is a fiscal deficit?
What is a primary deficit?
Difference between Fiscal Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Difference between Primary Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Public economics unit 3 public expenditure and public debt
This document provides an overview of public economics, specifically public expenditure and public debt. It defines key terms like public expenditure, importance and objectives of public expenditure, classification of public expenditure, reasons for its growth, canons of public expenditure, and hypotheses about its growth like Wagner's law. It also defines public debt, causes and classification of debt, debt burden and its measurement. It concludes with discussing redemption of public debt.
Principle of maximum social advantage
The presentation gives an overview of one of the most important principles of public finance i.e Principle of maximum social advantage.
Industrial policy-of-india
The industrial policy of India covers rules and regulations established by the government to regulate industries in the country. It prescribes the roles of public, private, cooperative, large, medium, and small scale sectors in developing industries. The main objectives of industrial policy are to maintain sustained growth, enhance employment, prevent concentration of economic power, optimize resource use, and improve competitiveness. Key industrial policies were established in 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, and 1991 with a shift towards liberalization in 1991.
Planning commission...
The document summarizes the role and history of India's Planning Commission. It defines the Planning Commission as the institution that formulates India's five-year plans and is chaired by the Prime Minister. It outlines the need for planning after partition and independence to address economic, social and technological challenges. Key details provided include the objectives and targets of the initial plans from 1951-1956 to 2002-2007 and the roles and functions of the Planning Commission in resource allocation, priority setting, and appraising progress.
Public Revenue
The document discusses various sources of public revenue for governments. It begins by explaining that governments require large amounts of resources to perform functions in political, social, and economic areas to maximize welfare.
It then discusses two senses of public revenue - the narrow sense including only income sources described as revenue resources, and the wider sense including all government income irrespective of source. Some key classifications of public revenue sources are also outlined, including taxes, fees, duties, gifts/grants, commercial revenues, and loans.
The main sources are divided into tax revenue, including direct and indirect taxes, and non-tax revenue such as administrative revenues consisting of fees, special assessments, fines, forfeitures, and escheats. Direct taxes
Public Sector Enterprises And Disinvestment In India
Public sector enterprises
Role of PSEs
Importance of PSEs
Challenges with PSEs
Disinvestment importance and issue.
Critical analysis of industrial policy
The document provides an overview of India's industrial policies from 1948 to 1991. It discusses the key features and objectives of industrial policies introduced in 1948, 1956, 1960s-70s, 1977, 1980, and 1991. The 1991 policy aimed to reduce licensing and controls to increase competition. Positives included increased investment, production, exports and regional development. Negatives included over-emphasis on foreign investment, exploitation of resources, reduced public sector role, and increased unemployment.
More Related Content
What's hot
Role of public and private sector
The document discusses the public and private sectors in India. The public sector includes industries controlled by the government, such as SAIL and Indian Oil Corporation, and aims to provide quality services and products to citizens. The private sector is run by individuals or groups for profit, with capital arranged by owners and no government participation, such as Tata Consultancy Services and ICICI Bank. Both sectors play important roles in India's economy, with the public sector contributing to growth, employment, and infrastructure development, while the private sector increases competition and standards of living. Overall the sectors need to work together to develop India's economic conditions.
Capital formation its source
Capital formation is the process of building up the capital stock of a country through investing in productive plants and equipment.
Capital formation, in other words, involves the increasing of capital assets by efficient utilization of the available and human resources of the country.
Public sector Enterprises
This document defines the public sector as enterprises controlled and managed directly by the government, with the main objective of social welfare. It provides examples of public sector enterprises like Steel Authority of India Limited and National Thermal Power Corporation. The characteristics of the public sector are government ownership and control, financing by the government, focus on social welfare, and heavy investment. Some limitations are a lack of flexibility, poor management, delays in decision making, and lack of innovation and efficiency.
Role of government in business environment
The government plays four key roles in the business environment: regulatory, promotional, entrepreneurial, and planning. For the regulatory role, the government regulates business entry, operations, and results through policies like licensing and profit/dividend ceilings. Promotionally, the government establishes infrastructure and training institutions to encourage entrepreneurship. As an entrepreneur, the government operates businesses in sectors like steel and petroleum. Finally, in its planning role, the government aims to optimally allocate resources through plans guiding industry growth and prioritizing sectors.
Public enterprise
This document defines and describes public enterprises. Public enterprises are commercial or industrial undertakings that are owned and managed by the government to maximize social welfare and public interest. They are characterized by government ownership and management, financing from government funds, an objective of public welfare, and accountability. The document discusses advantages like providing essential services at low prices and avoiding private monopoly, as well as disadvantages like potential for losses, inefficiency without competition, and political interference. It concludes by outlining the government's role in reforming public sector efficiency and integrity.
Deficit financing
Deficit financing is when a government finances its budgetary deficit through borrowing or increasing the money supply. In India it refers to expenditures exceeding current revenues, with public borrowing to cover the difference. The main types of deficits are the budget, revenue, fiscal, and primary deficits. Fiscal deficits in India have increased substantially over time, from 23 billion rupees in 1974-75 to over 5 trillion rupees in 2012-13. Deficit financing can be used to remedy economic issues but comes with adverse effects like inflation, reduced savings and investment, and higher production costs.
Niti aayog
This document outlines a group project on the topic of NITI Aayog, the Indian think tank that replaced the Planning Commission. It provides information on the group members, topics to be covered in the project, background on NITI Aayog including its objectives, formation, leadership, and how it differs from the Planning Commission. It also summarizes the impact of replacing the Planning Commission with NITI Aayog, initiatives taken by NITI Aayog, and concludes that NITI Aayog will enhance cooperative federalism and innovative thinking.
Public sector
This presentation summarizes the key problems faced by public sector undertakings in India. It begins by defining public sector undertakings as businesses owned, managed, and controlled by the government that are funded by the government and have welfare-oriented objectives. The main problems identified are underutilization of installed capacity, poor planning and delays in project implementation, insufficient growth in productivity due to lack of employee satisfaction and motivation, overstaffing, unclear objectives and role definition, debates around appropriate extent and coverage of public sector involvement, challenges with organization and management structures, and conflicts between autonomy and accountability to government oversight. The presentation concludes that public sector undertakings have continuously incurred losses due to numerous financial and non-financial problems and that more
Fiscal federation new.pptx
The document discusses fiscal federalism in India. It defines fiscal federalism and explains its importance in India by enabling collaboration between central and state governments. It outlines the evolution of fiscal federalism in India from the pre-independence era of centralized British rule to the post-independence constitution establishing a federal system. It describes types of fiscal imbalances in India and central government transfers to states, including statutory transfers mandated by law and discretionary transfers for specific programs. It discusses performance-based grants and the 2017 M. Govinda Rao report recommending rationalizing transfers and introducing such grants. Finally, it outlines the terms of reference for India's 15th Finance Commission report on fiscal transfers from 2020-2025.
Industrial policy.ppt
Here is a draft clause to address the issue of bogus Khadi units operating in India and claiming rebates from the Government of India under the existing Industrial Policy of India:
To promote authentic Khadi production and curb the operation of bogus Khadi units, the following measures shall be introduced:
1. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) will establish strict criteria for Khadi production units to be recognized as authentic producers eligible for Government rebates and incentives. These may include parameters around raw material sourcing, production processes, record keeping, etc.
2. All existing and new Khadi production units must register with KVIC and satisfy the recognition criteria to be able to claim any
Public enterprises
The document discusses public enterprises in Nepal. It notes that there are 36 public enterprises operating across 6 broad sectors: industrial, commercial, service, social, public utility, and finance. It provides data showing the capital investment and profits/losses of the sectors. Overall, the financial status of most public enterprises is unsatisfactory, with the industrial and social sectors incurring losses. The key types of public enterprises discussed are departmental undertakings, public corporations, government companies, and department boards.
Fiscal Policy by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet,Nepal )
Fiscal policy refers to government spending, taxation, and borrowing tools that are used to promote full employment, price stability, and economic growth. It involves government revenue collection and expenditures to achieve economic stability without inflation or deflation. Fiscal policy tools include taxes, public expenditures, public borrowing, and deficit financing, which governments can use in expansionary or contractionary ways to influence aggregate demand and the macroeconomy.
Role of foreign capital
This document provides an overview of foreign capital in India. It discusses the different forms of foreign capital including foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, external aid, and external commercial borrowings. FDI can take the form of joint ventures, technical collaborations, or private placements. FPI includes investments in stocks, bonds, and funds raised through instruments like GDRs and ADRs. External aid may come from other governments, international organizations, or private sources, and can be tied to certain conditions or untied. ECBs comprise loans and credits from foreign commercial and multilateral sources used to finance commercial activities in India. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of foreign capital.
What is Tax Reform.docx
Tax reform is a policy implemented by governments to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their tax systems. It aims to close loopholes, lower tax evasion, and generate higher tax revenues. Tax reform objectives include decreasing marginal tax rates, lowering taxes on savings and investment, reducing tax avoidance, improving economic decision making, and providing uniform treatment across industries. While tax reform enhances tax system functioning, it can also distort economies and be politically motivated in the short term. Overall, tax reform strengthens tax systems by widening the tax base and simplifying tax laws.
Deficits and its types
This presentation discusses about the following subtopics:
What is a government deficit?
Types of deficit
What is a revenue deficit?
What is a fiscal deficit?
What is a primary deficit?
Difference between Fiscal Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Difference between Primary Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Public economics unit 3 public expenditure and public debt
This document provides an overview of public economics, specifically public expenditure and public debt. It defines key terms like public expenditure, importance and objectives of public expenditure, classification of public expenditure, reasons for its growth, canons of public expenditure, and hypotheses about its growth like Wagner's law. It also defines public debt, causes and classification of debt, debt burden and its measurement. It concludes with discussing redemption of public debt.
Principle of maximum social advantage
The presentation gives an overview of one of the most important principles of public finance i.e Principle of maximum social advantage.
Industrial policy-of-india
The industrial policy of India covers rules and regulations established by the government to regulate industries in the country. It prescribes the roles of public, private, cooperative, large, medium, and small scale sectors in developing industries. The main objectives of industrial policy are to maintain sustained growth, enhance employment, prevent concentration of economic power, optimize resource use, and improve competitiveness. Key industrial policies were established in 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, and 1991 with a shift towards liberalization in 1991.
Planning commission...
The document summarizes the role and history of India's Planning Commission. It defines the Planning Commission as the institution that formulates India's five-year plans and is chaired by the Prime Minister. It outlines the need for planning after partition and independence to address economic, social and technological challenges. Key details provided include the objectives and targets of the initial plans from 1951-1956 to 2002-2007 and the roles and functions of the Planning Commission in resource allocation, priority setting, and appraising progress.
Public Revenue
The document discusses various sources of public revenue for governments. It begins by explaining that governments require large amounts of resources to perform functions in political, social, and economic areas to maximize welfare.
It then discusses two senses of public revenue - the narrow sense including only income sources described as revenue resources, and the wider sense including all government income irrespective of source. Some key classifications of public revenue sources are also outlined, including taxes, fees, duties, gifts/grants, commercial revenues, and loans.
The main sources are divided into tax revenue, including direct and indirect taxes, and non-tax revenue such as administrative revenues consisting of fees, special assessments, fines, forfeitures, and escheats. Direct taxes
What's hot (20)
Fiscal Policy by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet,Nepal )
Fiscal Policy by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet,Nepal )
Public economics unit 3 public expenditure and public debt
Public economics unit 3 public expenditure and public debt
Similar to Private sector in india
Public Sector Enterprises And Disinvestment In India
Public sector enterprises
Role of PSEs
Importance of PSEs
Challenges with PSEs
Disinvestment importance and issue.
Critical analysis of industrial policy
The document provides an overview of India's industrial policies from 1948 to 1991. It discusses the key features and objectives of industrial policies introduced in 1948, 1956, 1960s-70s, 1977, 1980, and 1991. The 1991 policy aimed to reduce licensing and controls to increase competition. Positives included increased investment, production, exports and regional development. Negatives included over-emphasis on foreign investment, exploitation of resources, reduced public sector role, and increased unemployment.
LPG
what are the steps that government has taken to make Indian economy be adjustable with LPG and how India is affected by LPG
Presentation on government policies for small
The document summarizes government policies in India that promote small scale industries. Key policies include:
1. Reservation of certain manufacturing items exclusively for small scale industries to boost production and employment.
2. Industrial policy resolutions from 1948-1991 that stressed the role of small scale industries, provided subsidies and credit, increased investment limits, and reserved more manufacturing items for the small scale sector.
3. The establishment of the Small Industries Development Bank of India to ensure adequate credit flow to small scale industries.
Industrial Policy of India – recent policy initiatives
The industrial policy of India has evolved over time from a policy of laissez faire to greater government intervention and support of specific sectors. Recent policy initiatives have aimed to promote rapid and balanced industrial development, small and village industries, employment generation, and make India more competitive globally. The impacts of India's industrial policies include significant economic growth, technological advances, increased production diversity, and making exports crucial to the economy.
Module 4 Entreprenurship Development
Government policies for development and promotion of small scale industries in India
State Finance Corporations
Small Industries Development Bank of India
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
Khadi and Village Industries Corporation
Industrial sector of India
The industrial policy means the procedures, principles,policies rules and regulations which control the industrial undertaking of the country and pattern of industrialization. It explains the approach of Government in context to the development of industrial sector.
Final industrial policies
Industrial policy means Rules, Regulations , Principles, Policies and Procedures laid down by government for regulating, development, and controlling industrial undertakings in the country.
It prescribes the respective roles of the Public, Private, Joint, and Co-operative sectors for the development of Industries.
It also indicates the role of the large, medium and small scale sector.
It incorporates fiscal and monetary policies, tariff policy, labour policy, and the Government attitude towards foreign capital, and role to be played by multinational corporations in the development of the industrial sector.
PRIVATIZATION & DISINVESTMENT
1. Privatization and disinvestment were part of the 1991 New Economic Policy reforms in India aimed at increasing private sector participation and reducing the financial burden of public sector units.
2. Privatization transfers public sector assets or enterprises to private ownership and control, while disinvestment involves reducing government ownership of public sector enterprises through minority stake sales.
3. The objectives of privatization and disinvestment include improving efficiency, management, resource use, foreign exchange earnings and industrial growth, but they may also reduce social welfare and increase inequality.
Public Sector Undertaking
The document provides information about the public sector in India. It begins with defining the public sector as the part of the economy concerned with providing government services, where the government holds over 51% of shares.
It then discusses the background and need for establishing public sector undertakings in India after independence, as the private sector lacked funds and ability to take on large, long-term investments needed for development. The objectives of the public sector were to promote rapid economic development through infrastructure creation and balanced regional growth.
The public sector contributed to filling gaps in industries like steel, heavy machinery, and strategic sectors. It created employment and pursued social objectives. Now the government is pursuing disinvestment and privatization of some public sector undert
Industrial Policy Presentation
This document provides an overview of India's industrial policies from 1948 to the present. It discusses the objectives and key features of various industrial policy resolutions enacted over time. The initial resolutions in 1948, 1956, and 1973 focused on expanding public sector involvement and prioritizing basic and strategic industries. Later policies in 1977, 1980, and 1991 aimed to liberalize the economy, encourage private sector growth, and attract foreign investment. The current scenario features fewer licensing requirements and greater openness to trade and globalization compared to earlier policies focused on import substitution and self-reliance.
UNIT 3.pdf..............................
This document discusses micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India. It provides definitions for small scale industries based on investment ceilings. MSMEs are vital for development as they generate employment, promote entrepreneurship and innovation. In India, MSMEs contribute 8% of GDP and provide 60 million jobs. They face problems around financing and policies aim to promote their growth. The government supports MSMEs through various programs and policies. Liberalization created opportunities but also challenges for the sector to become more competitive.
Entrepreneurship Development: Unit No. 3
As per PTU Syllabus: Entrepreneurship and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Small scale industry, product range, capital investment, ownership patterns -Importance and role played by SSI in the development of the Indian economy - Problems faced by SSI’s and the steps taken to solve the problems - Policies governing SSI’s.
LPG1991, NEP of India, Zilingo, Pre reforms scenario
- India faced an economic crisis in the early 1990s with high fiscal and trade deficits, inflation, and a balance of payments crisis.
- In 1991, India liberalized its economy through the New Economic Policy, introducing measures like privatization, liberalization, and globalization.
- The goals of the reforms were to reduce inflation, deficits, and debt while attracting foreign investment and making Indian industry more competitive.
- Reforms included reducing licensing, opening sectors to private and foreign firms, lowering trade barriers, reforming taxes and exchange rates.
Public Sector Reforms.pptx
When India gained independence in 1947, the public sector was established to play a key role in economic development due to the poor economic conditions and lack of private sector enterprises. The early five-year plans focused on developing core sectors through public enterprises. However, in the 1990s, economic liberalization led to a reevaluation of the public sector role and increased privatization and competition with private enterprises. While public sector enterprises helped develop infrastructure and promote regional growth in the early years, issues later emerged like lack of competition, inefficient management, and overcapitalization of projects, leading to reforms to improve efficiency of the public sector.
Session 20
The document outlines several Indian government policy resolutions from 1948-1990 that aimed to develop and promote small-scale industries. The 1948 policy focused on protecting small enterprises and solving issues around raw materials, capital, labor and marketing. The 1956 policy supported small industries while ensuring integration with large industries, reserving 128 items for small-scale production. Later policies in 1977, 1980 and 1990 continued supporting and reserving more items for small industries, while raising investment limits and establishing organizations to provide services, credit, and subsidies for small-scale businesses.
Urban and Infrastructure Development
The document discusses the economic reforms in India and their implications. It provides background on the economic reforms initiated in 1985 which aimed to assign a greater role to the private sector. The industrial policy statement of 1991 further liberalized the economy by abolishing licensing and opening all sectors to competition. While some states like Gujarat and Maharashtra benefited greatly, growing over 8% annually, other states like Bihar and UP saw slower growth. This led to rising inequality among Indian states in the post-reform period, with implications for balanced regional development and poverty reduction. The divergent state growth patterns require addressing state-specific deficiencies to mitigate regional differences going forward.
Role of Advertising in Indian Economy
- Liberalization in the early 1990s in India aimed to boost competition, promote foreign trade and investment, improve technology, and reduce government debt. Measures included devaluation, disinvestment, liberalizing imports, and allowing foreign direct investment.
- The Foreign Exchange Management Act replaced previous restrictions and made foreign transactions simpler. Privatization of public sector units also gained momentum after 2002 to strengthen the private sector and increase efficiency.
- Globalization has led to more interaction with other nations, making India more independent and increasing its GDP. The advertising industry saw increased western influence and targeted rural consumers more recently. While unemployment remains an issue, liberalization has impacted lifestyles as consumers desire improved status through new products.
Benefits of MSME Registration in India
CreditQ, a financial services company, highlights the benefits of MSME in India, including access to loans, tax incentives, and enhanced market opportunities. To know more visit @ https://creditq.in/post/understanding-key-benefits-of-msme-registration-in-india
Similar to Private sector in india (20)
Public Sector Enterprises And Disinvestment In India
Public Sector Enterprises And Disinvestment In India
Industrial Policy of India – recent policy initiatives
Industrial Policy of India – recent policy initiatives
LPG1991, NEP of India, Zilingo, Pre reforms scenario
LPG1991, NEP of India, Zilingo, Pre reforms scenario
Recently uploaded
在线办理(UMASS毕业证书)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校毕业证完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UMASS毕业证书)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
快速制作美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书英文原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
快速办理(美国Fordham毕业证书)福德汉姆大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(美国Fordham毕业证书)福德汉姆大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy Visa
Discover essential details about Thailand's recent visa policy changes, tailored for tourists and students. Amit Kakkar Easy Visa provides a comprehensive overview of new requirements, application processes, and tips to ensure a smooth transition for all travelers.
快速办理(RWTH毕业证书)德国亚琛工业大学毕业证录取通知书一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(RWTH毕业证书)德国亚琛工业大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证学历认证真实可查
永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance
Learn in-depth about Dogecoin's trajectory and stay informed with 36crypto's essential and up-to-date information about the crypto space.
Our presentation delves into Dogecoin's potential future, exploring whether it's destined to skyrocket to the moon or face a downward spiral. In addition, it highlights invaluable insights. Don't miss out on this opportunity to enhance your crypto understanding!
https://36crypto.com/the-future-of-dogecoin-how-high-can-this-cryptocurrency-reach/
Seeman_Fiintouch_LLP_Newsletter_Jun_2024.pdf
The Impact of the 2024 Indian
Election Beyond Borders
01. Investment Gyan
02. Market Update
03. Inspiration investment story
在线办理(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.在线办理(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck mari...
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
The state of welfare Resolution Foundation Event
How has Britain’s safety net changed since 2010 and what comes next?
快速办理(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
高仿英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(RMIT毕业证)皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证如何办理
RMIT硕士学位证成绩单【微信95270640】《皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证书》《QQ微信95270640》学位证书电子版：在线制作皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证成绩单GPA修改（制作RMIT毕业证成绩单RMIT文凭证书样本）、皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证书与成绩单样本图片、《RMIT学历证书学位证书》、皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证案例毕业证书制作軟體、在线制作加拿大硕士学历证书真实可查.
【本科硕士】皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单（GPA修改）；学历认证（教育部认证）；大学Offer录取通知书留信认证使馆认证；雅思语言证书等高仿类证书。
办理流程：
1客户提供办理皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
真实网上可查的证明材料
1教育部学历学位认证留服官网真实存档可查永久存档。
2留学回国人员证明（使馆认证）使馆网站真实存档可查。
我们对海外大学及学院的毕业证成绩单所使用的材料尺寸大小防伪结构（包括：皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单隐形水印阴影底纹钢印LOGO烫金烫银LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕激光镭射紫外荧光温感复印防伪）都有原版本文凭对照。质量得到了广大海外客户群体的认可同时和海外学校留学中介做到与时俱进及时掌握各大院校的（毕业证成绩单资格证结业证录取通知书在读证明等相关材料）的版本更新信息能够在第一时间掌握最新的海外学历文凭的样版尺寸大小纸张材质防伪技术等等并在第一时间收集到原版实物以求达到客户的需求。
本公司还可以按照客户原版印刷制作且能够达到客户理想的要求。有需要办理证件的客户请联系我们在线客服中心微信：95270640 或咨询在线父亲的家很狭小除了一张单人床和一张小方桌几乎没有多余的空间山娃一下子就联想起学校的男小便处山娃很想笑却怎么也笑不出来山娃很迷惑父亲的家除了一扇小铁门连窗户也没有墓穴一般阴森森有些骇人父亲的城也便成了山娃的城父亲的家也便成了山娃的家父亲让山娃呆在屋里做作业看电视最多只能在门口透透气不能跟陌生人搭腔更不能乱跑一怕迷路二怕拐子拐人山娃很惊惧去年村里的田鸡就因为跟父亲进城一不小心被人拐跑了至今不见踪影害不
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strategies
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leader
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Recently uploaded (20)
New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy Visa
New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy Visa
Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance
Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck mari...
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck mari...
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leader
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leader
Private sector in india
- 1. Private Sector in India From Sakshi Mittal Assistant Professor PGCGC-11 Chandigarh
- 2. Contents • Meaning • Growth of Private sector in India • Role of Govt. in growth of private sector • Importance of Private sector in economic development • Limitations of Private sector • Private sector and New Economic Policy
- 3. MEANING Private sector is that organisation which is owned, managed and controlled by private individuals or private institutions. Maximization of profit is main motto of private sector. Since industrial policy 1991, role of private sector has increased.
- 4. Growth of private sector in India • Increase in the number of private sector companies from 19,283 in 1957 to 10,87,256 in 2016. • Increase in employment in the private organised sector. • Growth of Big Business Houses e.g. Tata, Birla, Reliance etc. there is significant increase in their assets. • In march 2015, 5.11 crore micro, small and medium enterprises were operating in India.
- 5. Role of Government in growth of private sector • Financial Assistance: Govt. set up various banks and financial institutions to provide loans to private sector. • Increase in areas for private sector: no. of industries reserved for public sector has been reduced from 17 to 2. • Liberal Licensing: licensing required for limited industries and procedures has also been simplified. • Support to small scale industries: given various concessions, technical assistance, tax concessions. • Infrastructural Facilities: basic infrastructure provided by the Govt. promoted the growth of private sector.
- 6. Role of private sector in Economic Development • Private sector and Industrial Development: many basic industries such as Tata Iron and Steel and consumer industries such as Sugar, Textiles and Jute established in private sector. • Private sector and Agriculture Development: Mechanization and modernization of Indian Agriculture contributed by the private sector e.g. Green Revolution. • Private sector and Productivity: resulted in higher rate of capital investment and production.
- 7. Limitations of private sector • Priority to the production of non-essential goods. • Encouragement to concentration of economic power and monopolistic trends. • Industrial disputes • Industrial sickness • Promotes corruption • Ignores social welfare • Increase in Regional imbalances.
- 8. Private sector and New Economic Policy • This policy envisages greater role for the private sector. • Seeks to create competitive climate in the country, boosting efficiency and productivity with the spread of privatization. • To introduce liberalization in place of controls and regulations. • To encourage private foreign investment. • In this policy no. of enterprises reserved for public sector reduced to just 8.